Dr.

Nirmalya Mallick
MAKAUT Model Question Paper
Course Title: Electrical and Electronic Measurement
Course Code: PC-EE403
Semester: 4th
Module 4: Cathode Ray Oscilloscopes and Related Electronics Equipment

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

1. The time base generator in a CRO provides:
o A. Vertical deflection
o B. Horizontal sweep
o C. Triggering
o D. Focus control

2. The electron beam in a CRT is deflected by:

o A. Magnetic fields only
o B. Electric fields only
o C. Both electric and magnetic fields
o D. Gravitational force

3. The function of the vertical amplifier in a CRO is to:

o A. Boost the horizontal sweep
o B. Control brightness
o C. Amplify input signal
o D. Focus the beam

4. The purpose of the delay line in a CRO is:

o A. Enhance signal strength
o B. Synchronize trigger and display
o C. Reduce flickering
 o D. Store waveforms

5. Lissajous figures are used in CROs to determine:

o A. Resistance
o B. Capacitance
o C. Frequency and phase difference
o D. Voltage

6. In dual-trace CRO, two signals are:

o A. Displayed simultaneously
o B. Alternated rapidly
o C. Multiplied
o D. Subtracted

7. The brightness of the CRO display is controlled by:

o A. Intensity knob
o B. Focus control
o C. Horizontal gain
o D. Vertical gain

8. The phosphor screen in a CRO is used to:

o A. Control sweep
o B. Amplify voltage
o C. Convert electron beam to visible light
o D. Generate electrons

9. Triggering in a CRO ensures:

o A. Unstable display
o B. Random sweep
o C. Stable waveform
 o D. High voltage

10. A Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) differs from CRO in:

o A. Using analog storage
o B. Using magnetic memory
o C. Digitally storing waveforms
o D. Replacing time base

Section B: Descriptive Questions (5 marks each)

1. Draw and explain the block diagram of a basic CRO.
2. Describe the working principle of a cathode ray tube (CRT).
3. Explain the role of time base and trigger circuits in CRO.
4. Discuss different types of deflection systems in CRO.
5. Write short notes on Lissajous patterns and their applications.
6. Compare analog and digital oscilloscopes.
7. Explain the purpose and function of the vertical and horizontal amplifiers.
8. Describe dual-beam and dual-trace oscilloscopes.
9. Discuss the application of CRO in measuring frequency and phase.
10. Explain the working of a storage oscilloscope.

Section C: Numerical Questions (5 marks each)

1. A CRO displays 3 cycles in 1.5 cm at a time base setting of 1 ms/cm. Find the signal
frequency.
2. A sinusoidal waveform on CRO has a peak-to-peak vertical deflection of 6 cm at 2 V/div.
Find peak voltage.
3. Calculate the phase difference from Lissajous figures showing one complete horizontal
and 2 vertical tangents.
4. On a CRO, a square wave of 5 V peak-to-peak and 1 kHz frequency is displayed. Find
the time period and amplitude.
5. If a CRO shows a sine wave of 2 cm peak at 0.5 V/cm, calculate the RMS voltage.
 6. Time base is set at 2 ms/div. A wave takes 4 div for one cycle. Find frequency.
7. A CRO shows a voltage of 1.5 V/cm. What is the vertical deflection for 3 V signal?
8. A waveform appears 5 cm wide and 4 cm high on CRO. Each cm equals 2 ms
horizontally and 1 V vertically. Find time period and peak voltage.
9. Find the signal frequency if 4 cycles occupy 2 cm and time base is 1 ms/cm.
10. A waveform of 1 kHz is observed on a CRO with 10 cm sweep. Find the time base
setting.

Module 5: Sensors and Transducers

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

1. A transducer converts:
o A. Mechanical to electrical energy
o B. Electrical to thermal energy
o C. One form of energy into another
o D. Magnetic to electrical only

2. An RTD is a:
o A. Voltage sensor
o B. Temperature sensor
o C. Pressure sensor
o D. Flow sensor

3. Which of the following is a passive transducer?

o A. Thermocouple
o B. RTD
o C. LVDT
o D. Strain gauge

4. Piezoelectric transducers are used for:

o A. Measuring displacement
 o B. Measuring temperature
o C. Measuring pressure/vibration
o D. Measuring speed

5. A capacitive transducer operates on the principle of:

o A. Change in resistance
o B. Change in capacitance
o C. Induction
o D. Magnetic field

6. Which sensor is used for non-contact temperature measurement?

o A. RTD
o B. Thermistor
o C. Thermocouple
o D. Infrared sensor

7. The output of an LVDT is:

o A. AC voltage proportional to displacement
o B. DC voltage
o C. Frequency
o D. Resistance

8. A photodiode is used to measure:

o A. Temperature
o B. Pressure
o C. Light intensity
o D. Force

9. Which transducer converts mechanical stress to electrical resistance?

o A. Thermistor
o B. LVDT
 o C. Strain gauge
o D. Piezoelectric crystal

10. Thermocouples are based on:

o A. Seebeck effect
o B. Hall effect
o C. Joule effect
o D. Peltier effect

Section B: Descriptive Questions (5 marks each)

1. Define transducer. Differentiate between active and passive transducers.
2. Explain the construction and working of LVDT.
3. Describe the working principle of a thermocouple.
4. Compare thermistors and RTDs in terms of characteristics and applications.
5. Explain the working of a piezoelectric transducer with applications.
6. Discuss the selection criteria of transducers for industrial use.
7. With a neat diagram, explain capacitive transducer.
8. Describe how a strain gauge measures mechanical stress.
9. Explain the principle and applications of proximity sensors.
10. List any five applications of sensors in real-world measurement systems.

Section C: Numerical Questions (5 marks each)

1. An LVDT gives 6 mV/mm. Find the output for 5 mm displacement.
2. A strain gauge has a gauge factor of 2 and experiences strain of 0.0005. Find the change
in resistance if original resistance is 120Ω.
3. A thermistor shows 5 kΩ at 25°C and 2 kΩ at 50°C. Calculate the temperature
coefficient.
4. Calculate the change in capacitance for a capacitive sensor if distance changes from 2
mm to 1 mm, plate area is 4 cm², ε = 8.85 × 10⁻¹² F/m.
5. A piezoelectric sensor produces 3V under a pressure of 10 N. What is the sensitivity in
V/N?
6. Calculate the output voltage of an RTD with 100Ω base resistance and 0.4Ω/°C at 75°C.
7. A thermocouple produces 5 µV/°C. Find output voltage at 250°C.
8. A light sensor shows 2 mA output current under 300 lux. What is the sensitivity in
mA/lux?
9. A strain gauge changes resistance from 120Ω to 120.5Ω. Gauge factor = 2. Calculate
strain.
10. An inductive sensor has inductance of 50 mH at rest. If displacement reduces it to 40 mH,
find percentage change.