Weather Reporting System using IOT

1. Introduction
In today’s fast-paced and interconnected world, accurate and real-time weather
forecasting is of paramount Importance for various sectors ranging from
agriculture and transportation to disaster management. The advent of Cutting-
edge technology has revolutionized the field of Meteorology, enabling the
tracking and dissemination of Local weather data globally. This research paper
presents a Pioneering approach to monitor and share meteorological Conditions
worldwide through the innovative use of the Internet of Things (IOT). The
Internet of Things is a Ground breaking concept that seamlessly connects a
Myriad of devices and sensors in a vast network, enabling them to
communicate and exchange data. In this context, electronic devices, sensors,
and even automotive Electronics become essential components of the IOT
Ecosystem.
Leveraging this technology, our proposed System employs a network of
sensors to continuously Monitor and regulate environmental factors such as
Temperature and relative humidity, providing real-time Data accessible through
a user-friendly website. Traditionally, weather forecasting relied heavily on
human Observations, mainly focused on changes in rainfall and sky Conditions.
However, the field has evolved significantly, with Computer-based models now
playing a pivotal role in Predicting weather patterns. Our proposed IOT-based
Weather reporting system empowers users to access Meteorological parameters
online without relying on External weather forecasting services. The system
effectively Utilizes sensors for temperature, humidity, and rain Measurement,
providing continuous tracking of weather Conditions and delivering real-time
data reporting. Data Collected by rain and temperature sensors is relayed to a
Microcontroller, which interprets and transmits it through a Wi-Fi connection to
an online web server. In conclusion, this Research paper introduces an
innovative IOT-based weather Reporting system that revolutionizes the way we
monitor, Forecast, and disseminate meteorological data. By combining Cutting-
edge technology with traditional forecasting Methodologies, this system offers
a reliable and user-friendly Platform for accessing real-time weather
information, ultimately contributing to informed decision-making across
various domains.

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 Weather Reporting System using IOT

1.1 Background & Basics

Internet of Things (IOT):
IOT refers to a network of interconnected devices, sensors, and actuators
that communicate and exchange data over the internet.
These devices can range from everyday objects like household appliances to
industrial machinery and urban infrastructure.
IOT enables the collection of real-time data from physical environments,
facilitating remote monitoring, control, and automation of various processes.
Internet of things (IOT) describes devices with sensors, processing ability,
software and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other
devices and systems over the Internet or other communication networks. The
IOT encompasses electronics, communication, and computer science
engineering. "Internet of things" has been considered a misnomer because
devices do not need to be connected to the public internet; they only need to be
connected to a network and be individually addressable.
An IOT-based weather monitoring system is indispensable Due to its ability to
provide simple access from anywhere In the world to real-time local weather
monitoring. Moreover, the system allows for both short- and long-term
Archiving of weather and environmental data, enabling Researchers to study
changes in weather patterns and gain Insights into how locally produced
climate change has Impacted weather over time. This vast repository of
Historical weather data becomes a valuable resource for Climate research and
helps us comprehend the evolving Climate and its potential implications.
Additionally, the Ease of deploying an IOT-based weather monitoring System
for monitoring local atmospheric variables and Microclimates is a significant
advantage. This simplicity empowers various sectors, such as agriculture and
Disaster management, to harness accurate weather Forecasting and prediction,
facilitating proactive planning and resilience-building measures. Ultimately, an
IOT-based Weather monitoring system is necessary to foster global Awareness,
enhance preparedness, and ensure a Sustainable future in the face of weather-
related Challenges.

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2. Literature Survey
Paper 1 Author:
Dhanshri Chaudhari, “Student, Master of Computer Applications, VJTI,
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Sonali Ajankar, “Assistant Professor, Master of Computer Applications, VJTI,
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India”

Description:
The accurate prediction of rainfall is a pivotal challenge in meteorology, with
potential implications for various sectors such as agriculture, water resource
management, and disaster preparedness. Rainfall monitoring systems play a
crucial role in collecting essential information about moisture and temperature,
enabling the production of graphical rainfall maps based on current and past
readings. Upon reviewing several papers in the field, it becomes apparent that
none of them have addressed the specific combination of temperature and
moisture parameters within an intertwined system that incorporates selectors
for modifying these settings. While there is one research paper that explores the
incorporation of multiple environmental conditions, there remains a notable
absence of citations related to the inclusion of selectors for customization.
Thus, the main objective of this research is to develop a system that can
effectively sense the key factors influencing rainfall formation and accurately
predict rainfall with minimal errors, bridging the gap in existing literature. In
conclusion, the literature review highlights the critical need for a rainfall
prediction system that integrates temperature and moisture parameters with
selectors for customization. By addressing this research gap, the proposed
system aims to improve the accuracy of rainfall prediction, contributing to more
effective water resource management, agriculture planning, and disaster
preparedness. Moreover, historical soothsaying practices underscore the
importance of advancing modern methods to ensure reliable and scientifically
validated rainfall predictions, which can be vital for various applications and
decision-making processes.

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Paper 2 Author:
Puja Sharma and Shiva Prakash
Department of Information Technology and Computer Application
Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur

Description:
The author in [1], proposed a robust and affordable Automatic weather station.
In this paper, the author Elaborates how the weather prediction system is
Becoming a crucial challenge in every Weather extreme Event that causes an
adverse effect of the system on lives and property as well. Hence the accuracy
of weather data Is being one of the critical challenges to enhance the weather
prediction skills and build up the resilience to Effect of detrimental weather
report condition. The Author describes that Uganda and various other
Developing countries have looked challenges in developing timely & accurate
weather data due to scarce Weathers observation.
The author in [2], presents an IOT-based weather Monitoring system. In this
research, the environmental Parameter can be retrieved through sensors. The
author Uses a different sensor to scale the various parameter like Humidity,
temperature, pressure, rain value & the LDR Sensor is used. The system also
calculates the dew point Value from the temperature prototype. The temperature
Sensor can be used to measure the value of the particular Area, room, or any
place. With the help of the LDR Sensor, the light intensity can be used as
described by the Author. The author in this used an additional Functionality of
the weather monitoring as SMS alert System based on the exceed the value of
the sensing Parameters as temperature, humidity, pressure, light Intensity, and
rain value. The author also adds an email and tweet post alerting system. The
author in this system Uses node MCU 8266, and various sensors.

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Paper 3 Author:
M. Sreerama Murthy1, R. P. Ram Kumar1, Billa Saikiran2*, Islavath Nagaraj2,
Tejesh Annavarapu2 1Department of AIMLE, GRIET, Hyderabad, Telangana,
India 2UG Student, Department of AIMLE, GRIET, Hyderabad, Telangana,
India
Description:
Rajinder Kumar M. Math and Dharwadkar proposes an IOT-based real-time
local weather station for Precision Agriculture in India [1]. The authors aim to
provide farmers with a means of automating their agricultural practices such as
irrigation, fertilization, and harvesting, at the right time using this system. The
paper describes a low-cost weather station that monitors weather parameters
like temperature, humidity, air pressure, rainfall, and soil moisture using an IOT
platform. The authors also propose an artificial neural network-based smart
weather prediction system that can predict weather conditions in advance to aid
farmers in decision making. The study is significant in that it addresses the
challenges faced by farmers in India due to unpredictable weather conditions
and the high cost of conventional weather monitoring systems. Levin Varghese,
Gerard Deepak and Santhana vijayan proposes an IOT-based climate forecast
system that uses a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, some sensors, and a weather
forecast algorithm to predict weather [2]. The system monitors temperature and
air pressure to forecast the weather. The paper describes the system's design,
implementation, and testing, and presents the results of the system's accuracy in
weather forecasting. A weather monitoring system that utilizes an IOT approach
to provide real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity is presented in [3].
The system was implemented using an Arduino UNO microcontroller and a
DHT11 sensor to measure temperature and humidity. The study aimed to create
an efficient, low-cost system with different models to monitor the environment
in real-time and provide alerts. The data collected by the system was
statistically analyzed, and the results showed no significant difference between
the study groups. The paper [4] presented a system for monitoring various
environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, air quality index, CO
concentrations, rain, and light using custom designed, energy-efficient sensors.

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Paper 4 Author:
Satyabrata Mishra, Abhisek Bera, Jayanta Kumar Behera Jyostnamayee
Behera, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering Gandhi Institute for Technology, Bhubaneswar.(Affiliated to All
India Council for Technical Education (AICTE))
Description:
In [1], the author describes an IOT-based weather monitoring system. The
environmental parameter can be collected by sensors in this study. The author
employs a variety of sensors to scale various parameters such as humidity,
temperature, pressure, and rain value, including the LDR sensor. The
temperature prototype is also used to compute the dew point value. The
temperature sensor can be used to determine the temperature of a certain
region, room, or location. The light intensity can be employed as described by
the author with the help of the LDR sensor. The author employed an additional
functionality of weather monitoring in this as an SMS alert system depending
on the value of sensing parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure,
light intensity, and rain exceeding the value of the sensing parameters. The
author of this work [2] depicts a low-cost live weather monitoring system using
an OLED display. To measure the weather conditions, the author solely
employs two devices: Wemos and OLED. Following the connection, the data
will be stored in the cloud, and the data will be shown on the Thingspeak
website. The data is shown on an OLED screen and in the cloud by the system.
The author's goal is to obtain real-time weather information on an OLED
display. The author of the work [3] also depicts a similar NodeMCU based
weather reporting system where a android application is being used to display
the stored data in the Thingspeak cloud. The android application uses APIs to
collect the data from the Thingspeak server and display the same in the
dashboard. but in the system only a temperature and rain sensor is interfaced.
The importance of microcontroller sensor outputs for data storage and
acquisition is overlooked in many research articles and studies in this field. The
data acquired from the device can be processed and charted in real time with a
weather station monitoring system, as seen in this article.

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Paper 5 Author:
H. Kanaka Durga Bella 1*, Mohammed Khan 1, M Shreyash Naidu 1,
Digumarti Sai Jayanth 1, Yasir Khan
1Department of IT, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Hyderabad,
Telangana, India.
2 School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun,
India.
Description:
In this research paper, we present the development of a low-cost wireless
weather station with Node MCU for sensor data collecting and transmission [1].
Accompanied by an IOT based graphical application software. Our weather
station is designed to provide users with easy access to accurate weather
information, including Temperature, Pressure, Humidity, Rainfall, and Altitude
measurements. Our experimental results demonstrate that our weather station
exhibits good accuracy and stability compared to other affordable weather
stations available in the market. The system features a user-friendly interface
and requires minimal maintenance, resulting in cost-effectiveness. Furthermore,
in future work, we aim to enhance the system by incorporating additional
functionalities such as wind direction, solar radiation, and precipitation
measurement. Further research efforts can be directed towards optimizing the
system's cost to make it as affordable as possible. The presence and placement
of each module in the "IOT Weather Station using Arduino Uno" have been
meticulously reasoned and carefully implemented [2]. This thoughtful approach
contributes to the seamless functioning of the entire system. Moreover, the
utilization of Wi Fi technology to upload the weather sensor data to the Thing
Speak web cloud further enhances the efficiency. As a result of thorough design
and testing, it has been successfully executed, meeting its objectives
effectively. Monitoring the weather holds significant value in various practical
Agriculture, archaeology, construction, tourism, and many other professions are
examples of scenarios [3].

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2.1 Problem Definition

These measured factors play a pivotal role in understanding And responding to
varying weather conditions, which differ From one location to another. The
research aims to design an Intelligent and adaptive system that can effectively
respond to Current weather conditions and the real-time readings of Humidity
and temperature parameters. Specifically, the System is programmed to activate
the heating system Automatically when the temperature falls below the user-set
Values, ensuring a comfortable indoor environment. Conversely, when the
temperature rises beyond the user-Defined set values, signifying hot or humid
conditions, the Cooling system is triggered to maintain a comfortable and
Conducive atmosphere. The proposed solution aims to Overcome the
limitations of traditional weather monitoring Systems, which often require
manual adjustments and lack Real-time adaptability. In conclusion, the problem
explanation For this research paper centers around the need for an Advanced
weather monitoring system capable of Automatically obtaining data on
humidity and ambient Temperature in real-time. The research aims to develop
an intelligent and adaptive System that can effectively regulate indoor
environments Based on changing weather conditions.

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3. Scope of the project

The scope of a weather reporting system using IOT includes real-time
monitoring, data collection, and analysis of environmental parameters such as
temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and rainfall. IOT-enabled
sensors placed in different locations transmit data to a cloud-based platform for
processing and visualization. This system enhances weather forecasting
accuracy, supports disaster management, and aids industries like agriculture,
aviation, and transportation. It enables remote access to weather data via mobile
applications and web interfaces, promoting timely decision-making.
Additionally, it can integrate with AI and machine learning to predict weather
patterns more efficiently.

1.Disaster Prediction and Management

Early detection of extreme weather conditions like floods, storms, or droughts

using IOT sensors.

Helps in issuing timely alerts to prevent loss of life and property.

2. Smart Agriculture

Integration with farming systems for precision agriculture.

Farmers can make informed decisions based on weather predictions (irrigation,

fertilization, harvesting).

3. Smart Cities and Urban Planning

Weather data can be used to manage urban infrastructure like drainage, traffic,
and energy consumption.

Improves sustainability and efficiency in city planning.

4. Climate Change Research

Long-term weather pattern monitoring helps in analyzing climate change

trends.

Supports scientific research and policy-making.

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4. Methodology
 System Analysis & Requirements: Identify the monitoring needs (e.g.,
voltage, current, temperature) and goals (real-time data, fault detection,
predictive maintenance) by consulting with weather reportors.
 System Architecture Design: Plan the system components (sensors, Node
mcu, DTH 11sensor BMP 180 , communication protocols).
 Hardware & Software Selection: Choose reliable sensors, node mcu, and
communication devices. The ESP32 microcontroller and Wemos client will
manage all of the data, receiving sensor Data from the ESP32 and displaying it
on an OLED screen.
 System Integration: Integrate all components for seamless data collection,
transmission, and analysis.
 Testing & Validation: Conduct functional, performance, and redundancy
tests to ensure reliability and accuracy, including AI-based predictive
maintenance validation.
 Pilot Deployment: Implement the system in a limited number of
substations, gather feedback, and train operators.
 Full-Scale Deployment: Roll out the system to all substations, ensuring full
integration and scalability.
 Continuous Monitoring & Optimization: Monitor system performance,
update predictive algorithms, and optimize based on feedback.
 Post-Deployment Support & Training: Provide on going support and
training to operators and ensure system updates and improvements.

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4.1 Node MCU is prefer then microcontroller

Integrated Wi-Fi: The Node MCU and ESP8266 modules come with built-in
Wi-Fi capabilities, allowing easy connectivity to the internet and other Wi-Fi
devices. This makes them ideal for IOT applications where wireless
communication and internet connectivity are essential.

Cost-effective: Node MCU and ESP8266 modules are generally more

affordable compared to traditional Arduino boards, making them a cost-
effective choice for IOT projects, especially when considering the added Wi-Fi
functionality.

Smaller form factor: The Node MCU and ESP8266 modules are compact in
size, which is beneficial when space is a constraint in your IOT project. They
can be easily integrated into small devices or prototypes.

Programming flexibility: Node MCU and ESP8266 can be programmed using

the Arduino IDE, providing a familiar programming environment for Arduino
enthusiasts. Additionally, they support the Lua scripting language, offering an
alternative for developers who prefer scripting languages.

Higher processing power and memory: The ESP8266 module has a higher
clock speed and more memory compared to many Arduino boards. This allows
for more complex and demanding IOT applications that require processing
power and memory resources.

Rich ecosystem and community support: The Node MCU and ESP8266 have
gained popularity in the IOT community, resulting in a rich ecosystem of
libraries, examples, and community support. There are numerous online
resources, forums, and tutorials available to help developers get started and
troubleshoot their projects.

MQTT Support: MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a popular

lightweight messaging protocol for IOT applications. Node MCU and ESP8266
have good support for MQTT, enabling efficient and reliable communication
between IOT devices and cloud platforms.

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5. Details of Design, Working & Process

5.1 Design
The Design consist of two main part hardware and software. The hardware
contains:
 Node MCU
 Rain Sensor
 DHT 11 Sensor
 BMP 180 Sensor
 LCD Display
 Power Supply
Software consist of different programming concept which are used in our
project.
Software contains:
 Blynk IOT Software.
5.2 Node MCU Detail
Node MCU is an open-source firmware and development kit that helps you to
prototype your IOT product within a few Lua script lines. Among others they
claim their USB port to be more robust which is based on CP2102 chipset.
ESP8266 CP2102 Node MCU LUA ESP-12E WIFI Serial Wireless Module
Built-in Micro-USB, with flash and reset switches, easy to program Full I/O
port and Wireless 802.11 supported, direct download no need to reset Arduino
compatible, works great with the latest Arduino IDE/Mongoose / IOT/Micro
python.
The Node MCU Development Board can be easily programmed with Arduino
IDE since it is easy to use. Programming Node MCU with the Arduino IDE
will hardly take 5-10 minutes. All you need is the Arduino IDE, a USB cable
and the Node MCU board itself. You can check this Getting Started Tutorial for
Node MCU to prepare your Arduino IDE for Node MCU. Uploading your first
program Once Arduino IDE is installed on the computer, connect the board
with the computer using the USB cable. Now open the Arduino IDE and choose
the correct board by selecting Tools>Boards>NodeMCU1.0 (ESP-12E
Module), and choose the correct Port by selecting Tools>Port. To get it started
with the Node MCU board and blink the built-in LED, load the example code

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by selecting Files>Examples>Basics>Blink. Once the example code is loaded

into your IDE, click on the ‘upload’ button given on the top bar. Once the
upload is finished, you should see the built-in LED of the board blinking.

Fig. 5.2 Node MCU detail

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5.2.1 Node MCU pin description

5.1 Key Component Description

Node
ESP32-S3- ESP32-53-WROOM-1 and ESP32-S3-
WROOM-1U are
WROOM-1/1U
two powerful, generic Wi-Fi + Bluetooth LE
MCU modules that have a rich set of
peripherals. They provide acceleration for
neural network computing and signal
processing workloads. ESP32-S3-WROOM-1
comes with a PCB antenna. ESP32-S3-
WROOM-1U
comes with an external antenna connector
5 V to 3.3 V LDO Power regulator that converts a 5 V supply
into a
3.3 V output.
Pin Headers All available GPIO pins (except for the SPI
bus for flash) are broken out to the pin headers
on the board for easy
interfacing and programming
USB-to-UART Port A Micro-USB port used for power supply to
the board, for flashing applications to the chip,
as well as for communication with the chip via
the on-board USB-to-
UART bridge.
Reset Button Press this button to restart the system
ESP32-S3 USB Port ESP32-S3 full-speed USB OTG interface,
compliant with the USB 1.1 specification. The
interface is used for power supply to the board,
for flashing applications to the chip, for
communication with the chip using USB 1.1
protocols, as
well as for JTAG debugging.
USB-to-UART Bridge Single USB-to-UART bridge chip provides
transfer rates up to 3 Mbps.
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RGB LED Addressable RGB LED, driven by GPIO48.

3.3 V Power On LED Turns on when the USB power is connected to

the board.
 Weather Reporting System using IOT

MCU pin Description

5.2.2 Features of Node MCU

 Operating Voltage: 3.3 V
 Total pins: 38
 Digital I/O Pins: 24
 Analog Input Pins: 8

5.3 DHT 11 Sensor

Fig. 5.3 DHT 11 Sensor

The DHT11 sensor is a low-cost, digital sensor used for measuring temperature
and humidity in various IOT and weather monitoring applications. It consists of
a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to provide accurate
environmental readings. The sensor communicates data in a digital format,
making it easy to interface with microcontrollers like Arduino, Raspberry Pi,
and NodeMCU ESP8266. Due to its affordability and ease of use, the DHT11
sensor is widely used in weather stations, home automation, greenhouse
monitoring, and HVAC systems. However, for applications requiring higher
accuracy and a wider range, the DHT22 (AM2302) is a more advanced
alternative.

Specification:

 Flash Memory – 4MB.

 Operating voltage – 3.3V-5V
 Operating current – 240mA.

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 Digital I/O pins – 11.

 Clock Speed – 80MHz.

5.4 BMP 180 Sensor

Fig. 5.4 BMP 180 Sensor

The BMP180 Sensor is a digital barometric pressure sensor developed by

Bosch. It is commonly

used in weather stations, altitude measurements, and various IOT applications.

The BMP180 is a high-precision, low-power digital barometric pressure sensor
developed by Bosch, commonly used in weather monitoring and altitude
measurement applications. It operates over I2C or SPI communication
protocols and can measure atmospheric pressure from 300 to 1100 hPa, making
it suitable for altitudes ranging from -500 to +9000 meters above sea level. In
addition to pressure, it can also provide temperature readings, allowing for
more accurate environmental sensing. Its compact size, low power
consumption, and ability to be integrated easily with microcontrollers like
Arduino or Raspberry Pi make it a popular choice for IOT-based weather
systems and mobile altimeters.

Specifications:-

 Memory - 32 bit.
 Operating voltage – 1.3V to 3.6V
 Operating Temperature – -40°C to +80°C

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5.5 Rain Sensor

Fig. 5.5 Rain Sensor

A rain sensor is a device used to detect the presence and intensity of rainfall,
commonly used in weather monitoring, irrigation systems, and smart home
applications. It typically consists of a conductive surface or plate that senses
water droplets; when rainwater falls on the surface, it creates a conductive path
that changes the electrical resistance, triggering the sensor. Some advanced rain
sensors can also measure the amount of rainfall over time. Compact, cost-
effective, and easy to interface with microcontrollers, rain sensors are vital
components in IOT-based weather stations for providing real-time rain
detection and automation capabilities.

Specification:

 Operating voltage – 3.5V to 5.5V

 Switching current – 10A
 Operating current – 0.03mA.
 Temperature range – 0°C to 50°C.
 Output – Serial data

5.6 LCD Display

Fig. 5.6 LCD Display

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A 7-segment display is an electronic display device used to display decimal

numerals and some alphabetic characters. It consists of seven individual LED
or LCD segments arranged in a rectangular fashion to form the number 8. Each
segment, labeled from 'a' to 'g', can be lit independently to form digits from 0 to
9 by combining specific segments. Commonly used in digital clocks,
calculators, and measuring instruments, 7-segment displays come in two types:
common cathode and common anode, which differ in the way the segments are
powered. Their simplicity, low cost, and ease of use make them popular in
various electronic applications.

Specification:

 Input voltage – 5V
 Operating current – 1mA
 Operating Voltage – 4-5V.
 Voltage type – DC
 Data Signal – 18 bit

5.7 Block Diagram

Fig. 5.7 Block Diagram

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5.8 Circuit Diagram

5.9 Power Supply Details

Fig. 5.9 Power supply

A fluctuating DC voltage may result in an erratic operation of electronic

devices and circuits. In order to avoid poor voltage regulation due to fluctuation
in DC voltage, it is necessary to use a voltage regulator circuit in DC power
supply.
The regulated DC power defines a DC power supply which maintains the DC
voltage constant irrespective of AC input fluctuations in load resistance values.
The block diagram of a regulated DC power supply is shown in above figure. It
consists of rectifier, filter and voltage regulator circuits. The load may be
connected across the voltage regulator.
Commonly the bridge rectifier is used in regulated power supply. Its function is
to convert the AC mains voltage to the rectified DC voltage.
The voltage contains small amount of ripple the pulsating voltage is passed
through the filter circuit. Its function is to bypass the filter.
The pulsating opposes the AC fluctuations. This voltage is applied to the
voltage regulator. Its function is to maintain the output DC voltage constant
irrespective of fluctuations in AC mains voltage and variations in currents load.
Thus, the regulated power supply gives the stable DC voltage across load.

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5.10 IC Voltage Regulators

Fig. 5.10 IC Voltage Regulator

Voltage regulator comprises a class of widely used ICs. Regulator IC units
contain the circuitry for reference source, comparator amplifier, control device,
and overload protection all in a single IC. IC units provide regulation of either a
fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or adjustable set voltages. The
regulators can be selected for operation with load current from hundreds of
milli amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding to power ratings from milli
watts to ten of watts.

A fixed three-terminal voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input voltage, vi

applied to one input terminal, a regulated dc output voltage, Vo, from a second
terminal, with the third terminal connected to ground. The series 78 regulated
provide fixed positive regulated v0oltage from 5 to 24 volts.

5.11 Software

Set Up Blynk from Scratch

1. Create a Blynk Account:

Go to the Blynk website.
Sign up for a new account or log in if you already have one.

2. Create a New Template:

Once logged in, click on Create New Template in the
Blynk dashboard. Set a Template Name (e.g., MSEB
Substation IoT).
Select ESP32 as the hardware model. Choose Wi-Fi as the connection type.

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3. Obtain Blynk Auth Token:

After creating the template, click
on the Devices tab. Click Add
Device to create a new device.
Once the device is created, you will get the Auth Token that is required to
communicate with your ESP32.

4. Create Widgets (Data Streams) on the Blynk Dashboard:

In the Dashboard section, click on Add Widget.
Add a Value Display widget to show the current (use V0 virtual pin).

Add another Value Display widget to show the voltage (use

V1 virtual pin). Add a Button widget to control the relay
(use V3 virtual pin).

5. Configure the Widgets:

Set the widgets to show the appropriate values.
Configure the Button widget to control the relay output based on the virtual pin V3.

6. Set Up Device Credentials:

In the Blynk app, under the Device Settings, input the Auth Token generated for
the device.

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5.12 Flow Chart

Fig 5.14 Flow Chart

5.13 Project Implementation

A "Weather Reporting System using IoT" is a project aimed at designing a
smart environmental monitoring system that collects real-time weather data and
transmits it to a cloud platform for analysis and visualization. The goal is to
enable continuous, remote, and automated weather monitoring using low-cost
sensors and IoT technology.

Title: Weather Reporting System using IoT

Objective:

To develop a real-time weather monitoring and reporting system that collects

data on environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and
rainfall, and transmits this data to the cloud for remote access, visualization,
and analysis.

Technologies Used:

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 Weather Reporting System using IOT

IoT, Sensors (DHT11, BMP180, Rain sensor), Microcontrollers (ESP32,

NodeMCU), Wi-Fi Modules, Cloud Platforms (Thing Speak, Blynk), Data
Analytics, Arduino IDE.

Application Area:

Used in agriculture, smart cities, environmental research, and disaster

prediction systems for continuous weather condition monitoring and alerts.

Real-Time Data Monitoring:

Sensing of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall.

Real-time transmission of data to cloud platforms.

Live data visualization through dashboards on web or mobile applications.

Remote Control and Automation:

Automatic data logging without human intervention.

Alert systems can be integrated for specific weather thresholds (e.g., high
temperature or rainfall).

Optionally includes remote access to data history and trends for forecasting
purposes.

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 Weather Reporting System using IOT

6. Result and Applications

Result

The expected results of implementing a weather reporting system using IOT are
centered around enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility of
environmental data collection. With IOT-enabled sensors deployed in various
locations, real-time weather parameters such as temperature, humidity,
atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and rainfall can be continuously monitored
and transmitted to a centralized system. This leads to faster and more precise
weather forecasting, as well as improved decision-making in fields like
agriculture, disaster management, transportation, and energy. Additionally, the
system allows for greater data granularity, meaning localized conditions can be
reported more accurately, which is particularly beneficial in areas where
traditional weather stations are limited or absent. Automated data collection
also minimizes human error and reduces the need for manual monitoring,
lowering operational costs. Overall, implementing an IOT-based weather
reporting system enhances early warning capabilities, supports smarter urban
planning, and contributes to better preparedness for climate-related events.

Application:
The Weather Reporting System Using IOT can be applied across various
areas to improve the efficiency, reliability, and safety of power distribution
networks. Here’s a detailed look at its potential applications:

 Smart Agriculture
 Urban Planning & Smart Cities
 Disaster Management Systems
 Aviation and Marine
 Home Automation Energy Sector

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 Weather Reporting System using IOT

7. Conclusions and Future Scope

The integration of IOT into weather reporting systems has brought a
transformative shift in how environmental data is collected, processed, and
utilized. By deploying smart sensors and wireless networks, it is now possible
to gather real-time, accurate weather data from multiple remote or previously
unmonitored locations. This leads to more reliable forecasts, quicker response
times during adverse weather conditions, and improved decision-making in
critical sectors such as agriculture, disaster management, and transportation.
The system not only enhances the precision of weather reporting but also
ensures continuous monitoring with minimal human intervention, making it
both efficient and cost-effective.

Future Scope:

Looking ahead, the future of IOT-based weather reporting is promising.

Integration with AI and machine learning can further improve forecasting
models by identifying complex patterns in vast datasets. The expansion of low-
power wide-area networks (LPWANs) will enable even greater sensor
deployment in rural and hard-to-reach areas. Additionally, incorporating solar-
powered and self-sustaining sensor nodes can make the system more eco-
friendly and suitable for long-term deployment. With continued advancements,
IOT-based weather systems could also play a key role in climate change
monitoring, smart city development, and global disaster response strategies,
paving the way for a more resilient and informed society.

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