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Chapter25

This document contains a series of questions related to hepatobiliary infections, focusing on various hepatitis viruses, their characteristics, and associated clinical scenarios. It covers topics such as the identification of hepatitis virus types, carrier status, diagnostic markers, and complications from infections. Additionally, it includes questions about parasitic infections affecting the liver and their implications.

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Pawani Agrawal
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4 views

Chapter25

This document contains a series of questions related to hepatobiliary infections, focusing on various hepatitis viruses, their characteristics, and associated clinical scenarios. It covers topics such as the identification of hepatitis virus types, carrier status, diagnostic markers, and complications from infections. Additionally, it includes questions about parasitic infections affecting the liver and their implications.

Uploaded by

Pawani Agrawal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 25: Hepatobiliary infections

1. Which one of the following hepatitis viruses is a DNA virus?


a) Hepatitis A
b) Hepatitis B
c) Hepatitis C
d) Hepatitis G

2. Which of the following is a defective virus and depends on the helper functions of hepatitis
B virus?
a) Hepatitis A
b) Hepatitis C
c) Hepatitis D
d) Hepatitis G

3. A 50-year-old male with a history of blood transfusion eight months ago developed
jaundice. He was treated for hepatitis B virus infection. During the follow-up period, he was
found to be HBsAg-negative and anti-HBsAg-positive. What does this indicate?
a) High infectivity of disease
b) Progression of disease
c) Resolution of infection
d) Carrier status

4. A 35-year-old commercial sex worker presents with complaints of nausea, vomiting,


abdominal pain and passing high-coloured urine for four days. On investigation, her serum
bilirubin and liver enzymes are high and she is HBsAg-positive and anti-HBcAg-positive.
What is the likely diagnosis?
a) Acute HBV infection
b) Acute HCV infection
c) Chronic HBV infection
d) HBV carrier

5. The common HBV subtype present in the southern and eastern parts of India is:
a) adw
b) adr
c) ayw
d) ayr

6. Following hepatitis B infection, the risk of becoming a carrier is highest in:


a) Neonates
b) Children
c) Adults
d) Elders

7. Which one of the following is FALSE regarding hepatitis B carrier status?


a) Detectable HBsAg in blood for more than two months
b) Prevalence in India is 2–7%
c) More common among males
d) Anti-HBc IgG positive
8. A 68-year-old male is admitted for dialysis. He gives a history of jaundice in the previous
year. In the laboratory work-up, the serum hepatitis panel shows high titres of HBsAg,
HBeAg and DNA polymerase. This indicates:
a) Acute HBV infection
b) Chronic HCV infection
c) Simple-carrier status
d) Super-carrier status

9. Which of the following is the infectivity marker in hepatitis B infection?


a) HBsAg
b) Anti-HBs
c) HBeAg
d) Anti-HBeAg

10. Presence of high HBeAg marker in the serum indicates all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Presence of DNA polymerase in the blood
b) Presence of HBV DNA in the blood
c) Immunity following HBV vaccination
d) Active viral replication

11. Which one of the following CANNOT be demonstrated in blood in hepatitis B infection?
a) HBsAg
b) HBcAg
c) HBeAg
d) Anti-HBeAg

12. The first marker to appear and last one to disappear during the course of hepatitis
infection is:
a) HBsAg
b) HBeAg
c) Anti-HBcAg
d) Anti-HBeAg

13. Presence of high levels of anti-HBeAg marker in the serum indicates:


a) Low infectivity
b) Presence of HBV DNA in the blood
c) Active viral replication
d) Immunity following HBV vaccination

14. Which marker indicates protective immunity following HBV vaccination?


a) HBsAg
b) Anti-HBsAg
c) HBeAg
d) Anti-HBeAg

15. Passive immunisation for hepatitis B infection is good for:


a) Prevention against infection
b) Prevention against carrier status
c) Controlling the spread of disease
d) Controlling adverse reactions
16. Which of the following resembles flaviviruses in structure and organisation?
a) Hepatitis A
b) Hepatitis C
c) Hepatitis D
d) Hepatitis E

17. Treatment of HCV hepatitis depends on:


a) Hepatitis C genotype
b) Presence of existing liver damage
c) Prior treatments
d) All of the above

18. A 47-year-old slum dweller presents with fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain
for the past few days. He gives a past history of bloody diarrhea. A CT scan of the
abdomen reveals a single cyst in the right posterior lobe of the liver. Which parasite is
likely to cause this condition?
a) Entamoeba histolytica
b) Giardia lamblia
c) Shigella spp.
d) Cryptosporidium parvum

19. Which of the following parasites does not affect the hepatobiliary system?
a) Plasmodium species
b) Entamoeba histolytica
c) Schistosomes
d) Giardia lamblia

20. Cholangiocarcinoma is a complication of infection caused by:


a) Plasmodium species
b) Entamoeba histolytica
c) Schistosomes
d) Clonorchis sinensis

21. Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the adult worm of
Echinococcus granulosus?
a) It is 3–6 m long and flat
b) The body is made up of a scolex, neck and more than 10 proglottids
c) The scolex has four muscular suckers and a rostellum with a double row of hooklets
d) All of the above

22. A 45-year-old farmer with two pet dogs presents with complaints of right upper quadrant
abdominal pain for the last several weeks. He is afebrile with normal vitals, and has mild
right upper quadrant tenderness. USG abdomen shows hepatomegaly with a large
multiseptated “honeycomb” cyst in the right lobe of the liver. Changing position during
the ultrasound reveals a “sandy” matrix within the cyst. What is the causative agent?
a) Plasmodium species
b Entamoeba histolytica
c) Echinococcus granulosus
d) Clonorchis sinensis
23. Which of the following statements describes the hydatid cyst caused by E. granulosus
most accurately?
a) The cyst is polycystic and multi-locular
b) It is surrounded by one thick layer
c) It is filled with clear, colourless fluid that is highly antigenic and anaphylactic
d) It contains the adult tapeworm

24. PAIR stands for


a) Puncture, aspiration, injection and reaspiration
b) Puncture, aspiration, inspiration and reaspiration
c) Penetration, aspiration, injection and reaspiration
d) Puncture, aspiration, injection and reinjection

25. A 34-year-old female presents with abdominal pain. On examination, she is febrile with
low blood pressure and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
Investigations reveal her bilirubin is 3.5 μmol/L and alkaline phosphatase is 400 U/L.
Which of the following parasites is most likely involved in the underlying pathology?
a) Loa loa
b) Ascariasis lumbricoides
c) Enterobius vermicularis
d) Clonorchis sinensis

26. The infective organism is most likely to have been transmitted to this patient by which of
the following?
a) Consumption of water plants
b) Consumption of non-purified drinking water
c) Contact with contaminated soil
d) Consumption of raw or undercooked fish

27. Which of the following is correct regarding Fasciola hepatica?


a) It is the one of the largest cestodes to infect man
b) The eggs are unoperculated and embryonated
c) It is leaf-shaped with two suckers
d) It lives in the large intestine of man

28. The habitat of F. hepatica is:


a) Bile ducts and gall bladder
b) Small intestine
c) Large intestine
d) Duodenum

29. Anchovy sauce pus is characteristic of liver abscess caused by:


a) Entamoeba histolytica
b) E. granulosus
c) Clonorchis sinensis
d) Bacteria

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