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Employment is crucial for poverty reduction in Bangladesh, requiring a strategy that promotes job creation across various sectors while addressing skill development and labor market policies. Despite economic growth, employment rates have lagged, leading to increased unemployment, particularly in rural areas. Key challenges include overpopulation, underdeveloped economy, lack of capital and technical education, and political instability, all contributing to persistent unemployment issues.

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7 views3 pages

Document

Employment is crucial for poverty reduction in Bangladesh, requiring a strategy that promotes job creation across various sectors while addressing skill development and labor market policies. Despite economic growth, employment rates have lagged, leading to increased unemployment, particularly in rural areas. Key challenges include overpopulation, underdeveloped economy, lack of capital and technical education, and political instability, all contributing to persistent unemployment issues.

Uploaded by

Habibur Shuvo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction

Employment provides the key link between economic growth and poverty making it the major tool for
poverty reduction in Bangladesh. The country’s poverty reduction strategy would be sustainable if it is
consistent with a well-articulated employment strategy that creates productive and decent
employment opportunities so that workers of every level of skill, education, and training can get
remunerative employment. For this, along with economic growth driven by sectors that are labor-
intensive in nature and have greater potential of job creation, the policy framework needs to promote
an employment-friendly environment, encourage labor-intensive restructuring in both formal and
informal sectors, facilitate the skill development of the labor force, and bring about appropriate changes
in labor market policies. In addition, the policies must seek to fulfill the aspirations of the people in
their working lives including opportunities, incomes, rights, voices, and recognition.

Current Scenarios Of Job Field In Bangladesh


Bangladesh experienced a steady rise in GDP growth during the last five years (2003-2007) when it grew
at an average annual rate of more than 6 percent compared with 5 percent over the previous five years.
Higher growth, together with a fall in population growth to less than 1.5 percent in recent years, led to
a rapid growth in per capita GDP. Despite higher economic growth, employment grew at a relatively
slow rate of 1.6 percent per annum since the 1990s. At the aggregate level, agriculture is still the
largest sector of employment providing jobs to 22.8 million compared with 6.9 million in industry and
17.7 million in the services sector in 2006. With the labor force growing faster than the employment
potential, the number of unemployed persons increased over time reaching 2.1 million in 2006.
Although the ‘standard’ unemployment rate is low at 4.2 percent in 2006, it does not provide a real
picture of the supply-demand balance including the degree of inefficiency that prevails in the labor
market.

Educational status of labor force

The level of productivity and earnings and, hence the access to remunerative employment, of an
individual is positively related to his/her level of education. With significant increase in enrollment rates
in Bangladesh, the educational profile of the labor force has somewhat improved over the years creating
better potential for skill development. The available information on the level of education of the youth
labor force shows that the share of the labor force with no education significantly declined since the
1980s (42 percent in 2003 compared with 62 percent in 1984) while the proportion of the labor force
with basic schooling (grades 1-5) and secondary education (grades 6-10) increased: from 18 percent to
19 percent having primary education and from 12 percent to 25 percent with secondary education. The
proportion of the labor force with no education, however, remains particularly high amongst rural and
female workers. During 2003, 47 percent of the female workers had no education compared with 40
percent of the male labor. Moreover, only 5 percent of the employed labor was engaged in professional
and technical occupation in 2006. This shows the urgent need to give due importance, along with better
access to education, to technical and vocational training for the labor force to increase productivity and
ensure wider diffusion of better technologies.

Underemployment issues
Conceptually, the notion of underemployment is related to a situation when a person’s employment is
inadequate in terms of hours of work, income earnings, productivity and use of skills, and the person
is looking for better or additional work in conformity with his/her education and skills. In practice, the
measurement of underemployment faces a number of difficulties and the adopted methodology in
Bangladesh is to estimate underemployment on the basis of hours worked alone. The adopted norm is
to treat those who work less than 35 hours during the reference week of the survey as underemployed.

Most of the people in Bangladesh like to earn money by employment. Unemployment and
poverty is related to one another.

When a worker fails to get a job with the current wage, is called an unemployed worker. When
the unemployed situation occurs in an economy is called unemployment. A worker is willing to
join a job in the current market wage but there is nothing for him is called unemployment.
Unemployment hinders the economic development of Bangladesh. The economic development
of this country will not possible without educated and young people.

Bangladesh has to serve unemployment in rural areas than in urban areas. The total
unemployed person in rural areas is 1.82 million wherein urban area belongs 0.77 million.

Career Challenges Of those Job Field in


Bangladesh
1. Overpopulation: Higher population growth rate and overpopulation is the principal
reason of unemployment in this country. The population is increasing day by day but
there is a shortage of investment.
2. Underdeveloped economy: The economy of Bangladesh is underdeveloped and based
on agriculture. It is very hard to employ all the people in an underdeveloped economy.
3. Lack of capital: Bangladeshi people have small savings because of lower per capita
income. So, capital formation is not possible here or only a small capital can be formed
here. Lack of capital means no investment and employment.
4. Lack of technical education: There needs skilled labor in all industries. Most of the
Bangladeshi workers don’t have enough knowledge about the latest technology and skill.
5. Natural calamities: Every year many people get unemployed because of river erosion,
flood, cyclone, etc.
6. Political instability: Political instability and unskilled administration weakens our social
structures. It brings fears to people on new investments.
7. Agriculture dependency: Most of the people of Bangladesh are directly or indirectly
depends on agriculture. The seasonal unemployment problem occurs in agriculture.
8. Corruption: There is corruption in every stage of business. Foreign investors feel
disappointed because of corruption.
9. Annihilate cottage industries: Bangladeshi cottage industries get vanished because
they fail to compete with foreign industries. This creates unemployment.
With the above reason, there are some other reasons which enhance the unemployment
problem. Those are-

 Lack of investment
 Lack of women employment
 Indolent people
 Lack of proper industrial policy
 Contractionary fiscal policy
 Lack of planning
 Improvements in artificial intelligence lower human labor.

References

1. https://oikosmist.com/unemployment-
problem-in-bangladesh/?amp
2. https://www.bb.org.bd/pub/research/
policypaper/pp0807.pdf

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