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Elite Capture in Pakistan

The document discusses elite capture in Pakistan, highlighting how political, social, and economic elites dominate resource access, hindering democratic principles and economic development. It contrasts gatekeeper elites, who perpetuate inequality, with meritocratic elites, who achieve status through expertise and contribute positively to society. The analysis emphasizes the detrimental effects of elite capture on economic growth and social equity, while also recognizing the potential of meritocratic leaders to foster innovation and development.

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22 views6 pages

Elite Capture in Pakistan

The document discusses elite capture in Pakistan, highlighting how political, social, and economic elites dominate resource access, hindering democratic principles and economic development. It contrasts gatekeeper elites, who perpetuate inequality, with meritocratic elites, who achieve status through expertise and contribute positively to society. The analysis emphasizes the detrimental effects of elite capture on economic growth and social equity, while also recognizing the potential of meritocratic leaders to foster innovation and development.

Uploaded by

mashnabsafdar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Muhammad Ashnab
Elite capture final
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Government College University, Faisalabad

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Page 3 of 6 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:3222235359

Elite Capture in Pakistan: An Analysis of Its Impact and


Implications
As a developing nation, elite capture is a key problem that is affecting Pakistan
because it is the foremost social and economic political challenge. It refers to elites
in political, social and economic power who dominate access to the resources that
are to be used for the benefit of the public at large. For instance, strong political and
military officers, corporate bigwigs, politicians along with influential family members
strengthen their supremacy by deploying their monetary resources and landholdings
as well as family ties and political power. Two significant effects of capture of
resources by elites are slow blocked economic development, and multiform damage
to democratic principles and degeneration of meritocratic systems.
In Pakistan, those who control the means of regulating the state do not hesitate to
take control of the politics and business, as well as the military sector. Structural
inequalities are still active through centralizing critical institutions among the elites
and utilizing resources to deny the general public progress. DiCaprio (2012) refers to
this as co- opted because elites will take advantage of partnering networks that
cause elites to get benefits and average citizens to get harmed. Voter unawareness
combined with uncertain elections and corruption of public funds, mostly based on
donor funded development projects continue to stimulate process in Pakistan.
Through its negative impact on economic growth, along with social equal distribution
of resources, the worst consequences of elite capture come about. It is evidence
based that such conditions lead to worse income inequality and bars any form of
economic expansion. Elite groups, and according to the mainstream of the academic
community, constitute a major barrier that blocks the equitable restrictions of
resources, while there is a minority viewpoint emphasizing the contributions of elites
in stimulating development through innovation and growth. Two main categorical
groups are studied for purposes of examining the dual narrative that emanates from
the group of elites in Pakistan: gatekeeper elites and meritocratic elites.

Gatekeeper Elites: Perpetuating Inequality


People who or groups who are serving as the power and resources gate keepers are
gatekeeper elites [Haque and Zulfiqar (2024)]. Their social position is preserved by
Foresting access to basic political opportunities and business sectors and also to
various other important spheres. Other groups of gatekeeper elites include political
leaders overseeing party nominations and corporate executives setting the rules of
hiring and owners of the media that set the doors through which public discourse can
pass. Society and economic differences are how the Pakistani elite group sustains
entry restrictions which suit the needs of their related families over the qualified
candidates.

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The colonial period led to the development of gatekeeper elitism in Pakistan, which
is the basis of it. Under British colonial government the power and wealth got
concentrated in the exclusive and powerful groups who denied the common people
in power. The combination of military personnel with bureaucracy and judiciary
served as the system for training local elites for fulfilling the colonial demands. Today
military personnel as well as civil servants from the bureaucracy lead pivotal roles
throughout both Pakistan's governmental sector and economic activities.
Numerous negative effects are created in many national sectors by such gatekeeper
elitism in Pakistan. Most of the resources including land and loans are principally
directed to the most powerful elite groups while the opportunities of access are
restricted to common people. The power of select families to the extent that almost
all democratic governance and social advancement opportunity is neutralized
become possible because of the military's control of the political domain. The capture
of power by elite groups is first and foremost a development barrier in Pakistan
because it does not allow setting up of an authentic governance system, which is
essentially a fair and just social system.

Meritocratic Elites: A Beacon of Hope


Meritocratic elites that are different from gatekeeper elites comprise people that
obtain their position based on their expertise and the contribution to society.
Compared with gatekeepers, they reach the elite status by virtue of their own work
achievements without any dependency on family beneficence or institutional
manipulation. It is Pakistan that presents the leading meritorious elite types who
employ their skills in pushing against all impediments in entrepreneurial mobilized
business and scientific work and sports fields.
Dr. Nadeem ul Haque is a successful meritocratic leader who has had a great deal to
do with the academic and policy development in Pakistan. Dr. Haque was Vice
Chancellor of Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE) and during his
watch, he used every trick he could to propel an innovation meritocratically in the
face of international bureaucratic opposition. At PIDE, under his leadership he
demonstrated the ability of leadership by merit to create spaces of both dynamic and
progressive environment to expand the societal advantages through systemic
meritocracy.
The work of elitist leaders, based on the decisions of merit for which the progress of
social development is to economic development and vice versa. Elites support
innovation and support entrepreneurship by virtue of merciful leadership, guidance to
young professionals on how to create favourable alterations in society. When such
individuals free themselves from the exploitative behaviours through their positive
contribution towards a social development, such an economic environment becomes
more equitable.

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References :
Akram, H. (2023, October 28). Elite capture. Seminar conducted by Pakistan
Institute
Armytage, R. (2020). Big capital in an unequal world: The micropolitics of wealth in
Pakistan. Berghahn Dislocations.
New York; Oxford.
Armytage, R. (2023, February 13). In an unequal world: The micropolitics of wealth
in Pakistan. Seminar
conducted by Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE) at Islamabad,
Pakistan.
DiCaprio, A. (2012). Introduction: The role of elites in economic development. In A.
H. Amsden, A. DiCaprio,
& J. A. Robinson (Eds.), The role of elites in economic development (pp. 1-12).
Oxford University Press.
Haque, N., & Zulfiqar, A. (2024). Not elite capture but capture by colonial-made
elites. Discourse Magazine.

Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.


Hussain, A. (1976). Elites and political development in Pakistan. The Developing
Economies, 14(3), 224-238.
Javid, U. (2024). Clarifying elite capture. Discourse Magazine. Pakistan Institute of
Development Economics.
Rasool, S. (2023, October 28). Elite capture. Seminar conducted by Pakistan
Institute of Development

Economics (PIDE) at EconFest, Islamabad, Pakistan.


Robinson, J. A., & Acemoglu, D. (2012). Why nations fail: The origins of power,
prosperity, and poverty (pp.

45-47). Profile Books.


Sania, S. (2024). PIDE conversation. Discourse Magazine. Pakistan Institute of
Development Economics.
Zeeshan, M.(2024). How Elite Capture is Choking Pakistan's Economic Potential
Discourse Magazine.

Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.

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Page 6 of 6 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:3222235359

Zehra, N. (2023, October 28). Elite capture. Seminar conducted by Pakistan Institute
of Development

Economics (PIDE) at EconFest, Islamabad, Pakistan.


Zulfiqar, F., & Moosvi, A. (2023). Understanding elite capture. PIDE Knowledge Brief,
2022:67.
Haque, N. U., & Zulfiqar, F. (2024). Islah debate on Elite Capture [Podcast]. Pakistan
Institute of Development

Economics (PIDE). Islamabad, Pakistan.

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