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Chapter 1

The document provides an introduction to structural analysis and design, highlighting their importance in civil engineering for ensuring safety and efficiency in infrastructure. It outlines various methods of structural analysis, including manual techniques and software tools like ETABS, which facilitate the modeling and evaluation of structures. Additionally, it discusses the significance of these practices in professional engineering, particularly for high-rise buildings and compliance with safety regulations.

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10 views3 pages

Chapter 1

The document provides an introduction to structural analysis and design, highlighting their importance in civil engineering for ensuring safety and efficiency in infrastructure. It outlines various methods of structural analysis, including manual techniques and software tools like ETABS, which facilitate the modeling and evaluation of structures. Additionally, it discusses the significance of these practices in professional engineering, particularly for high-rise buildings and compliance with safety regulations.

Uploaded by

ayat.2007345
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 General

Structural analysis and design are fundamental aspects of civil engineering


crucial for ensuring the safety and efficiency of buildings, bridges and other
infrastructure. Engineers use specialized software tools to model, evaluate
and enhance structure performance which reduces time and increase
accuracy in the design process. The document outlines the basics of
structural analysis and design.

1.2 Overview of structural analysis and design:

1.2.1 Structural analysis:

This is a core field in both Civil and Mechanical engineering that studies how
structures such as building and bridges respond to Loads and environmental
forces.

1.2.2 Structural Design:

Designing a structure involves creating a detailed plan that meet safety,


stability and functionality requirements. This process includes choosing
suitable materials, determining member sizes, and ensuring compliance with
building codes and safety regulations.

1.3 Methods of structural Analysis:

13.1 Manuel Techniques:

Manual method for analysing structure can be classified into two types

I. Determinate structural analysis:


Using equation of static equilibrium common techniques include:
 Conjugate Beam Method
 Double Integration Method
 Momin Area Method
 Basic Equilibrium Equation
II. Indeterminate structural analysis:
These structures cannot be solved by equilibrium equations alone and
require additional methods such as
 slope deflection method
 moment distribution method.
Other advanced techniques used in structural analysis include
 Stiffness Matrix approach
 flexibility Matrix method
 influence line diagram
 relative Stiffness method
1.3.2 Software Analysis:

Following software are widely used for Structure Analysis and Design.

 ETABS
 STAAD PRO
 Sketch up
 Auto desk ravit
 SAP 2000

 Slab and shear walls:


Slab can be design as membrane on shell elements.

Foundations:

ETABS can define support reactions actual foundation design is typically


done in SAFE or other geotechnical software.

1.6 Importance in Academic and Professional Fields:

In the professional world engineers use ETABS for:

 High Rise building design


 Seismic and wind analysis
 Code compliance checking
 Structural optimization and retrofitting
 Generating construction drawings and BOQ ( Bill of Quantities)

1.4 ETABS for Structural analysis:

ETABS allows the user to model with a friendly and easier interface. It
inaldes the designer to focus on micro-economic performance objectives.
The editor mode provides sufficient options to model complicated
structural models easily. It is a powerfull faces and easy to analysis and
design for any engineers working on concrete or steel structures.

1.4.1 Loads Analysis in ETABS:


ETABS loads analysis involves the following steps:

i. Defining Load Patterns: Users create load patterns for dead loads
(DL), live loads (LL), earthquake loads (Ex/Ey), wind loads
(Wx/Wy).
ii. Assigning Loads: Loads are assigned to Structural elements
(slabs, beams, etc).
iii. Loads combinations: Users define factored load combinations
based on design codes (e.g. 1.2DL+1.6LL) or (0.9DL+1.0EQ)
iv. Lateral Load Definition: Earthquake and wind loads can be
applied as static lateral loads or dynamic loads using time
history methods.
v. Analysis Executive: The structure is analyzed under the define
load combinations to determine internal forces (share, moment,
axial) displacements and reactions.

1.4 Buildings Design In ETABS: ETABS allows the design of:

Beams and Columns: ETABS performs concrete frame


design as per selected codes (e.g ACI 318)

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