Scribd
Upload
20 views4 pages

Experiment No 1 Brewster 2

The experiment aims to determine Brewster's angle using a spectrometer and polarizer, employing the formula tanθ = µ2/µ1. The procedure involves leveling the spectrometer, adjusting the laser source, and observing intensity variations as the polarizer is rotated. Results confirm Brewster's law with a calculated refractive index of the prism material at μ = 1.60, while noting potential sources of error and necessary precautions.

Uploaded by

sheetal.t.dav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views4 pages

Experiment No 1 Brewster 2

The experiment aims to determine Brewster's angle using a spectrometer and polarizer, employing the formula tanθ = µ2/µ1. The procedure involves leveling the spectrometer, adjusting the laser source, and observing intensity variations as the polarizer is rotated. Results confirm Brewster's law with a calculated refractive index of the prism material at μ = 1.60, while noting potential sources of error and necessary precautions.

Uploaded by

sheetal.t.dav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

EXPERIMENT NO.

1
Aim :- To find the brewster’s angle using spectrometer and polarizer.

Apparatus Required :- Spectrometer, polarizer, prism, spirit level, sodium lamp, reading
lamp and lens.

Formula Used :- tanθ = µ2/µ1

Where , µ2 is the refractive index of the reflecting surface.

µ1 is the refractive index of the surrounding medium.

The refracted ray so produced will be partially polarized. As the refractive index changes the
polarizing angle differs but it is independent of the wavelength of light used.

Theory :- Brewster’s angle (also known as the polarization angle) is an angle of incidence at
which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent
dielectric surface, with no reflection. When unpolarized light is incident at this angle, the light
that is reflected from the surface is therefore perfectly polarized. This special angle of
incidence is named after the Scottish physicist Sir David Brewster.

The Fresnel equations predict that light with the p polarization (electric field polarized in the
same plane as the incident ray and the surface normal at the point of incidence) will not be
reflected if the angle of incidence is tanθ = µ2/µ1 where n1 is the refractive index of the
initial medium through which the light propagates (the “incident medium”), and n2 is the
index of the other medium. This equation is known as Brewster’s Law, and the angle defined
by it is Brewster’s angle.
Procedure :-
 Level the spectrometer using the spirit level.
 Keep LASER source and spectrometer and adjusted it two get the sharp slit on slit and
saw the direct readings.
 Add the 90 degree the direct reading and rotated the telescope to get the value on the
telescope .
 Keep the prism in such a way that we get the reflected image on the slit on the
telescope.
 Fix the polarizer of the sides of the telescope.
 Rotate the polarizer and observed the intensity variation with the rotation.
 Steps for different angle.
 Observe the variation of intensity for different angles.
 Polarized the slit completely vanishes.
 I noted that angle as a Brewster’s angle.

Observation :- Least Count = 1M.S.D. – 1V.S.D.


60 Division on Vernier Scale = 59 Division on the main scale

Therefore, 1 division of Vernier Scale = (59/60) Division on the main scale

Also, 1 main scale division = (1/2)°

Least Count = (1/120)° = (1/2)’ = 30’’

Least Count = 30’’ (sec)

Table for Direct Reading of the slit


Vernier No. Reading of a spectrometer

MSR VSR Total Reading

V1

V2
Table for incident angle and intensity
S.NO Angle of Spectrometer reading Spectrometer reading Intensity
. incidence from one direction from another direction
(in
degrees)
MSR VSR TR MSR VSR TR

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Calculation :- For polarization Angle


μ= tan ip

μ = tan ( )

μ=

Result :-
1. Brewster’s law is verified.
2. The refractive index of the prism material is found to be μ = 1.60.

Sources of Error :-
1. Unlevel spectrometer cannot give the slit in the centre of telescope.
2. Non uniform slit shows change in the intensity at wrong points.
3. If polarizer is not wiped with cotton, it will have finger prints.

Precautions :-
1. Level the spectrometer using the spirit level.
2. Set the slit narrow sharp intense and vertically on crosswire.
3. Wipe polarizer with the cotton.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy