NILE EGYPTIAN SCHOOLS

Certificate of Nile International Secondary Education

Level 2

Model Answers


PHYSICS 3064/02
Paper 2 For Examination from 2017
SPECIMEN PAPER 2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Calculator
Ruler
Protractor

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

For Examiner’s Use
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces at the top 1
of this page. 2
Write in dark blue or black pen. 3
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. 4
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. 5
6
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. 7
Answer all questions. 8
9
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part 10
question. Total
You should show all your working and include units in your answer.

The total number of marks for this paper is 80.

This document consists of 20 printed pages.

3064_02_SP/7RP
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Data

speed of light in free space, c = 3.00  108 m s–1

permeability of free space, μ0 = 4π  10–7 H m–1

permittivity of free space, ε0 = 8.85  10–12 F m–1

elementary charge, e = 1.60  10–19 C

the Planck constant, h = 6.63  10–34 J s

unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66  10–27 kg

rest mass of electron, me = 9.11  10–31 kg

rest mass of proton, mp = 1.67  10–27 kg

molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

the Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02  1023 mol–1

the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38  10–23 J K–1

gravitational constant, G = 6.67  10–11 N m2 kg–2

acceleration of free fall, g = 9.81 m s–2

gravitational field strength, g = 9.81 N kg-1

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Formulae

standard deviation, σ=
 (x  x) 2

n 1
2Gm
Schwarzschild radius R=
c2

T2 42
Kepler’s third law, =
R3 Gm

pressure of an ideal gas, p = 1 ρ<v2>

3

electric current, I = Anvq

electric resistance, R =ρl /A

thermal energy, Q = mcT

Q kA(T2  T1 )
heat conduction, =
t x
GMm
gravitational force, F= 2
r

Qq
electrical force, F=
4  0 r 2

GM
gravitational field strength, g=
r2
GMm
gravitational potential energy, E=–
r

electric potential, V = Ed

force on current carrying wire, F = BIl

0NI
magnetic field strength, B=
l
force on a charge, F = qvB

N
Faraday’s law, =
t
photoelectric effect, E = hf =  + Ek

radioactive decay, A = N
0
.
6 t1 2
9
3

decay constant, =

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1 Fig.1.1 shows the planet Venus in its circular orbit around the Sun.

Venus
Sun

1.08 x 1011 m

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

The radius of the orbit of Venus is 1.08  1011 m. Venus takes 1.94  107 s to orbit the Sun.

(a) Calculate the speed of Venus as it moves around its orbit.

v = d/t
v = (2πr)/t = (2π x 1.08 x1011 )÷ (1.94 x 107) = 3.50 x 104 ms–1

speed = 3.50 x 104 m s–1 [2]

(b) Venus has a mass of 4.87  1024 kg.

arrow must, start on / pass though / end on, Venus
(i) On Fig. 1.1, draw an arrow to represent the gravitational force that acts on Venus. [1]

(ii) Calculate the size of the gravitational force that acts on Venus.

F = mv 2 ÷ r
F = 4.87 x 1024 x (3.50 x 104)2 ÷ 1.08 x 1011
F = 5.52 x 1022

force = 5.52 x 1022 N [2]

accept F = GMm ÷ r 2

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(c) The orbital period T of a planet is related to the radius R of its orbit by the equation

T 2 4 2

R 3 Gm

where G is the universal constant of gravitation.

(i) State what the term m represents.

m represents mass of Sun [1]

(ii) The planet Neptune is in a circular orbit around the Sun. The radius of the orbit of
Neptune is 41.6 times greater than the radius of the orbit of Venus.

orbital period of Neptune

Determine the numerical value of .
orbital period of Venus

T2 α r3
T2 α (41.6)3
Tα (41.6)3/2
ratio=268

or
T 2 ÷ r 3 = 2.99 x 10–19 (s2 m–3)
= 268.3119379

numerical value =
268 [2]

[Total: 8]

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2 An object at rest on a frictionless surface is held in place by two horizontal stretched springs.
Fig. 2.1 shows the springs fixed to two vertical supports.

support object support

Fig. 2.1

The object is moved to the right. It is then released and undergoes simple harmonic motion (SHM).

(a) State, in terms of the resultant force on the object, why it undergoes SHM.

The resultant force ∝ displacement from equilibrium position

and
The direction of resultant force opposite to displacement
[2]

(b) State the energy changes that take place from the moment when the object is released from
rest until it is next at rest.

The elastic potential energy is converted to kinetic energy

then to elastic potential energy
[2]

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(c) A data-logger is used to record the displacement d of the object from the equilibrium position
as time t passes.

The data-logger starts recording as the object passes through its equilibrium position at time
t = 0.

Using the axes on Fig. 2.2, sketch a graph to show how d varies with time t for two complete
oscillations. Mark both amplitudes, +d0 and –d0, on the graph.

+d0

0
0 t

two cycles of a clear sinusoidal curve

-d0 Sine curve (i.e. starts at zero)

+d0 and –d0 marked at maximum and

minimum positions

Fig. 2.2
[3]

(d) The object in Fig. 2.1 is described as being on a ‘frictionless surface’. However, sometimes
the dissipative forces that act on oscillating objects are useful.

Give one example of this, explaining how the dissipative forces are useful.

Dissipative forces acting on bridges, building cantilevers

Amplitude of oscillations reduced or oscillations stopped
[2]

[Total: 9]

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3 Inside the Sun, nuclear reactions take place, which release large quantities of energy.

(a) Explain what is meant by the term binding energy when it is applied to a nucleus.

energy required to split nucleus into neutrons and protons

or
[1]
energy released when nucleus is formed from neutrons and protons
(b) The binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus varies with the nucleon number.

(i) On Fig. 3.1, sketch the shape of the graph that shows how the binding energy per
nucleon varies.

curve starts at origin and rises to maximum

before one third point on x-axis (56)

curve falls from maximum to point not less

than 75% of maximum

0
0 nucleon number

Fig. 3.1

[2]

(ii) State and describe the type of nuclear reaction that releases energy inside the Sun.

nuclear fusion
small nuclei (hydrogen nuclei) join together to produce a bigger
one
[2]

(iii) Using Fig. 3.1, explain why this type of nuclear reaction releases energy.

low atomic ( nucleon) numbers involved left-hand side of

graph of binding energy (per nucleon) increases (and energy
released)
[2]

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(iv) Heavy elements, such as uranium, have very large nuclei.

1. Using the graph in Fig. 3.1, explain why energy is not released when very large
nuclei are produced from medium-sized nuclei.

binding energy (per nucleon) decreases

or
energy needs to be supplied
[1]

2. State where very large nuclei are produced. Describe how they are produced.

in supernovae (huge explosion / supernova) provides energy /

forces nuclei together

[2]

[Total: 10]

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4 Fig. 4.1 shows two flat metal plates which are parallel to each other and in a vacuum.

+ –

+ –

+ –

+ –
P
+ –

+ –

+ –

Fig. 4.1

The charge on one plate is positive and the charge on the other plate is equal in magnitude but
negative.

(a) On Fig. 4.1, sketch the pattern of the electric field between the two plates and indicate its
direction. at least five horizontal lines in gap [2]
bowing at top and bottom or
at least one arrow left-to-right and none wrong
(b) (i) Explain what is meant by electric field strength.

force per unit positive charge

[1]

(ii) The charge on a small object is – 4.80  10–19 C. The object is placed next to the positive
plate at position P. It experiences a force of 1.68  10–13 N.

1. Calculate the electric field strength at P.

E = F/q = 1.68 x 10–13 / (4.80 x 10–19) or (–)4.80
E = 3.50x 105
electric field strength = 3.50x 105 V m–1 [1]

2. The small, charged object at P is pushed all the way to the negative plate.
The work done is 4.20  10–15 J.

Calculate the potential difference between the two plates.

ΔV = WD ÷ Q
ΔV = 4.20 x 10–15 ÷ 4.80 x 10–19
ΔV =8750
potential difference = 8750 V [2]

[Total: 6]

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5 The pressure and volume of a gas are related to the mean square velocity of the particles of the
gas.

(a) State what is meant by the expression mean square velocity.

mean value of the velocity values squared

[1]

(b) Fig. 5.1 shows a gas molecule of mass m travelling at a velocity v inside a cubic box of side a.

molecule

a
Fig. 5.1 (not to scale)

(i) The gas molecule collides at right angles with the shaded wall and returns along the
same path with a velocity –v.

Give an expression for the change in momentum of the molecule.

(–) 2mv [1]

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(ii) A student uses Fig. 5.1 to derive the relationship

1
pV = Nm<v2>.
3
He considers N gas molecules each of mass m inside the box moving with speed v in
the same direction as the molecule shown in Fig. 5.1.

Using your answer to b(i), show that the pressure p on the shaded face due to these
Nmv 2
N molecules is given by p = where V is the volume of the cube.
V

mark scheme
time until next rebound (on shaded face) is 2a ÷ v [1]
force due to N molecules (on shaded face) is N x 2mv ÷ (2a ÷ v) [1]
Correct use of p = force / area [1]

[3]

(c) The mass of a nitrogen molecule is 4.65  10–26 kg. At a temperature of 290 K and
a pressure of 1.03  105 Pa, there are 2.53  1025 molecules in 1.00 m3 of nitrogen.

Determine

(i) the density of this nitrogen,

ρ = m/v = m x N/1 = 4.65 x 10–26 x 2.53 x 1025

ρ = 1.17645

1.18 kg m–3 [2]

density =

(ii) the root mean square velocity of these nitrogen molecules.

pV = ⅓Nm<v2>
v2rms =3pV ÷ Nm
vrms = √(3p ÷ Nm) = √(3 x 1.03 x 105 ÷ 1.18)
or
P = ⅓ρ <v2>
v2rms = 3P/ρ
512
vrms = √(3P ÷ Nm) root mean square velocity = m s–1 [2]

[Total: 9]

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6 Fig. 6.1 is the stress-strain graph for copper.

The stress axis is marked in units of 107 Pa and the strain axis is marked in units of 10–4.

9.0

8.0
stress
/ 107 Pa
7.0

6.0
-----------------------------

----------------------------------
5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
strain / 10–4

Fig. 6.1

(a) Fig. 6.1 includes a region where copper deforms elastically.

(i) State what is meant by elastic deformation.

no permanent deformation remains when stress is removed

[1]

(ii) On Fig. 6.1, mark the point Q at which the deformation changes from elastic to inelastic.
[1]
Q marked, beyond Hooke’s law region
(b) Using Fig. 6.1, determine the Young modulus of copper.
E = stress ÷ strain
E = y-axis value ÷ x-axis value
E = 5.80 x 107 ÷ 5.00 x 10–4 = 1.15 – 1.18

Young modulus =
1.17 x 1011 Pa [2]
or two points from straight line divided

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(c) A length of copper wire which is not under stress is 1.80 m long.

The copper wire is stretched until it is extended by 0.540 mm.

(i) Determine the stress in the copper wire.

E = stress ÷ strain

stress = 3.48 x 107 Pa Pa [2]

(ii) Describe how to determine the energy stored in the copper wire using Fig. 6.1.

area under graph is the energy stored is (½σε) multiplied by volume

of wire
½σε x V = ½ Fx
[2]

[Total: 8]

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7 A resistor in the shape of a cylinder is made from a metal. The cross-sectional area of the
cylinder is A. Fig. 7.1 shows the cylinder.

cross-sectional
area A

Fig. 7.1 (not to scale)

The resistor is connected into a circuit and there is a current in the direction P to Q.

(a) State which particles carry the charge in the metal and state the direction in which these
particles are moving.

electrons and the direction is from Q to P

[1]

(b) The metal cylinder is 0.350 m long and its cross-sectional area is 5.30  10–7 m2. The
resistivity of the metal is 2.65  10–8  m.

Calculate the resistance of the metal cylinder.

1.75 x 10–2
resistance =  [2]

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(c) The current I in the resistor is related to the average speed v of the charge carriers by the
equation

I = Anvq.

(i) State what is meant by the term:

1. n is number of, electrons / particles, per unit volume

2. q is charge on electron / particle
[2]

(ii) A cylinder of a semiconducting material is identical in size to the cylinder in Fig. 7.1. The
current in the semiconducting cylinder is equal to the current in the metal cylinder.

The charge carriers in the semiconductor are the same as those in the metal but there
are fewer of them in the semiconductor.

State and explain how the speed of the charge carriers in the semiconductor compares
with the speed of the charge carriers in the metal.

speed of particles in semiconductor is much greater

I, A and q are the same but n is less

[2]

[Total: 7]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows the N-pole and the S-pole of a magnet and a rectangular coil in the uniform
magnetic field.

coil

N-pole S-pole

Fig. 8.1 (not to scale)

The coil is 0.150 m long and 0.080 m wide and has 1400 turns. The strength of the magnetic field
in the gap is 0.0540 T.

(a) Calculate the maximum magnetic flux linkage through the coil.

maximum magnetic flux linkage = 0.907 Wb-turns [2]

(b) The magnet is an electromagnet connected to a d.c. power supply.

(i) State and explain what happens in the coil as the magnetic field strength is reduced.

e.m.f. (voltage) induced

changing magnetic flux (linkage) in coil
[2]

(ii) The d.c. power supply is replaced with an a.c. power supply.

State and explain what happens in the coil.

alternating e.m.f. / voltage (in the coil)

current in the electromagnet / flux increases and decreases

[2]
accept alternating current / a.c. (in the coil) [Total: 6]
accept description of ‘alternating’
accept changes direction (for increases and decreases)

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9 (a) Explain what is meant by the photoelectric effect.

emission of electrons (from a metal)

caused by incident electromagnetic radiation
[2]
accept photons / light
(b) The equation

hf =  + Ek

is used to describe the photoelectric effect. The term h is the Planck constant.

State and explain what is meant by the terms:

(i) hf
Energy
• the energy of a photon of frequency "f"
[2]

(ii) 
The work function
• The minimum energy needed to liberate electron
[2]

(iii) Ek
The kinetic energy of electron
• The maximum kinetic energy of electron
[2]

(c) The work function of potassium is 3.66  10–19 J.

Determine the threshold frequency fth for potassium.

fth = 5.52 x 1014 Hz [2]

[Total: 10]

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10 The radioactive isotope thorium-234 decays by beta-particle ( 01 ) emission to an isotope of

protactinium (Pa).

(a) Complete the nuclide equation for the decay of thorium-234.

1
[3]

(b) The half-life of the isotope thorium-234 is 24.1 days.

(i) Radioactive emission is a random and unpredictable process.

Explain how it is possible for an isotope to have a constant half-life even though the
individual emissions occur randomly in time and are unpredictable.
because there are a very large number of radioactive nuclei which define the half-life
and this makes the variation in the time taken (for half the nuclei to decay) is less
significant
[1]
because there are a very large number of radioactive nuclei / atoms or
(because) the half-life is defined / quoted for a large number of, nuclei / atoms or many events makes the variation in
the time taken (for half the nuclei to decay), less noticeable / less significant

(ii) There are 7.52  1012 atoms of thorium-234 in a radioactive sample.

Determine the number of atoms of thorium-234 that decay in a period of 96.4 days.
no of hl = total time ÷ half life
no of hl = 96.4 ÷ 24.1
no of hl = 4.00 (half-lives)
1----> 1/2 ----> 1/4 ----> 1/8 ----> 1/16
Remained = 1/16 x 7.52x1012 = 4.7x1011
Decayed = 7.52x1012 - 4.7x1011 = 7.05 x 1012
number = 7.05 x 1012 [3]

or [Total: 7]
Decayed = 15 x 7.52x1012 ÷ 16

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