VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

HO CHI MINH CITY

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT

Assignment Report
Subject: Orientation to Management Studies
Topic: Finance

Student's Full Name Student ID

Nguyễn Lê Bảo Duy 2452202

Nguyễn Phạm Hải Đăng 2452260

Phạm Hoàng Gia Huy 2452406

Lê Minh Thắng 2453189

Lê Nguyễn Thục Quyên 2453095

Phạm Nguyễn Thảo Ngân 2452809

SUPERVISOR: PHẠM NGỌC TRÂM ANH

Table of contents
1. INTRODUCTION
The Preface.....................................................................................................................................2
Notes When Choosing a Job.........................................................................................................2
History of Financial Management................................................................................................2
2. RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS....................................................................................................2

What is a Finance Manager?........................................................................................................2

The Key Responsibilities of a Finance Manager.........................................................................3

Work Environment of Finance Managers...................................................................................3

Educational Qualifications............................................................................................................3

Professional Experience Requirements.......................................................................................4

3. TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS.............................................................................................4

Technical Skills..............................................................................................................................4

Soft Skills........................................................................................................................................4

4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES................................................................................5

Benefits............................................................................................................................................5

Drawbacks......................................................................................................................................5

5. POTENTIAL COMPANIES........................................................................................................6

In Vietnam......................................................................................................................................6

Worldwide......................................................................................................................................6

6. CAREER PATH AND OPPORTUNITIES.................................................................................7

Entry-Level Positions....................................................................................................................7

Mid-Level Positions.......................................................................................................................7

Senior-Level Positions...................................................................................................................7

Industry-Wide Demand and Opportunities................................................................................8

Global Mobility and Career Growth...........................................................................................8

7. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT...........................................................................................8

8. ACTION PLAN..............................................................................................................................9

9. REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................11
1. INTRODUCTION

The Preface
In a rapidly evolving economic environment, finance remains a core driver of strategic
success for organizations. With the growth of global markets, digital transactions, and
corporate investments, the role of finance has become more crucial than ever. Among
finance-related careers, the position of Finance Manager stands out due to its strategic value
and wide-ranging responsibilities. Our team has selected this profession as it aligns with both
our interests and the current market demand, and it offers clear career advancement paths
supported by continuous learning.

Notes When Choosing a Job

Choosing a profession is a long-term decision influenced by personal interests, capabilities,
and social needs. In the field of finance, especially financial management, having a passion
for data, logic, and strategic thinking is vital. In addition, soft skills such as communication,
organization, and adaptability are indispensable. With the increasing importance of financial
oversight in businesses, finance managers are in high demand. Moreover, this career opens up
international opportunities and competitive salaries, making it a valuable option for future
graduates.

History of Financial Management

The roots of financial management can be traced back to ancient times, where record-keeping
and trade regulations played vital roles. However, modern financial management evolved
significantly during the 20th century, especially with the growth of corporate structures and
global economies. In recent decades, financial management has become more data-driven,
technology-integrated, and globally standardized through systems like IFRS and financial
modeling software. Finance managers today are not just accountants—they are strategic
partners in business growth

2. RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

What is a Finance Manager?

A Finance Manager is a key professional responsible for maintaining the financial health of
an organization. Their role involves overseeing day-to-day financial operations, ensuring
regulatory compliance, and contributing to long-term strategic financial planning. They
provide expert advice to senior executives, manage budgets and forecasts, and ensure that the
company uses its resources efficiently and sustainably. Finance Managers often operate at the
intersection of accounting, strategy, and leadership, making them indispensable in achieving
business goals and navigating a dynamic economic environment.

The Key Responsibilities of a Finance Manager

Finance Managers carry a wide range of critical responsibilities that directly impact an
organization’s performance. They develop financial reports, monitor cash flow, and lead the
budgeting process. By analyzing financial data, they identify areas of inefficiency and
recommend improvements. Finance Managers also take charge of risk assessment,
investment planning, and ensuring tax and legal compliance. Moreover, they collaborate with
other departments to align financial strategies with operational objectives. Their insights play
a vital role in decision-making, helping the business adapt to market changes and plan for
sustainable growth.

Work Environment of Finance Managers

Finance Managers typically work in professional office settings, often at the headquarters of
corporations or within specialized finance departments. They usually operate in full-time
positions, though longer hours are common during critical financial periods such as audits or
year-end closings. Their work requires frequent collaboration with departments such as
accounting, human resources, and operations. The nature of the job demands precision,
discretion, and an in-depth understanding of both internal processes and external economic
factors. In addition, Finance Managers are expected to stay updated on changes in regulations
and financial best practices to ensure organizational compliance and competitiveness.

Educational Qualifications
To pursue a career as a Finance Manager, individuals are generally required to hold at least a
bachelor’s degree in finance, accounting, economics, or a closely related field. This academic
background provides fundamental knowledge in financial principles, analysis, and regulatory
frameworks. Many employers also favor candidates with advanced degrees or professional
certifications such as the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or Chartered Financial Analyst
(CFA), which signify expertise and dedication to the profession. In addition to formal
education, finance professionals are expected to master tools such as Microsoft Excel,
financial planning software, and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems like NetSuite.
Professional Experience Requirements
Alongside academic qualifications, practical experience is essential for those aspiring to
become Finance Managers. Most employers require at least five years of experience in roles
such as financial analyst, accountant, or budget planner. These positions allow individuals to
gain hands-on expertise in financial reporting, investment strategy, and risk management
(Accounting.com, n.d.). Furthermore, experience in cross-departmental collaboration and the
ability to work under pressure are crucial. Professionals who have managed financial
projects, optimized budgets, or contributed to organizational restructuring are often
considered more competitive in the job market (LinkedIn, n.d.). This experience ensures that
Finance Managers are equipped to make informed decisions and lead teams effectively in
dynamic business environments.

3. TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS

Technical Skills
Finance Managers must possess a strong technical foundation to handle complex financial
data and make strategic decisions. One of the most important skills is financial analysis,
which involves interpreting financial reports to guide business strategies. They also need to
be proficient in data analysis, as working with large datasets is a daily part of financial
planning and forecasting. Financial modeling is another critical skill, enabling Finance
Managers to simulate financial scenarios and assess the potential impact of different business
decisions. Additionally, a solid understanding of accounting principles is essential for
ensuring compliance and maintaining financial integrity within the organization (Martinis,
2023).

Soft Skills
Beyond technical expertise, Finance Managers must demonstrate a well-rounded set of soft
skills to succeed in leadership roles. Communication is crucial, as they must present
financial data in a clear and persuasive way to executives and non-finance stakeholders.
Organizational skills are vital for managing multiple tasks, meeting deadlines, and ensuring
the accuracy of financial records. In dynamic business environments, problem-solving
abilities allow Finance Managers to adapt quickly and develop innovative solutions when
traditional systems fall short. Finally, the ability to multitask is indispensable, as they are
often responsible for balancing reporting duties, strategic meetings, and team management all
at once (Holzman, 2024).

4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Benefits
A career as a Finance Manager offers a range of compelling benefits, both in terms of
personal growth and professional advancement. One of the most notable advantages is the
opportunity to earn a lucrative salary. Finance Managers are among the highest-paid
professionals in the business sector, often enjoying performance-based bonuses and long-
term incentives. Their roles are highly valued by organizations due to the impact of financial
strategy on business success.

Another significant benefit is the versatility of career paths. Finance Managers can work in
a variety of sectors, including banking, technology, healthcare, manufacturing, and retail.
This diversity provides flexibility for professionals to explore different industries while
applying the same core financial principles. Additionally, the career offers international
opportunities, especially for those who pursue globally recognized certifications such as
CPA or CFA. These credentials open doors to multinational corporations and global financial
hubs.

Furthermore, working in finance encourages continuous professional growth. Because

financial regulations, technology, and market dynamics are constantly evolving, Finance
Managers must regularly update their knowledge and skills. This demand for lifelong
learning ensures that the profession remains dynamic and intellectually engaging, with
opportunities for leadership and strategic decision-making at higher levels of the
organization.

Drawbacks
Despite its many advantages, the role of a Finance Manager is not without challenges. One of
the primary drawbacks is the high-stress nature of the position. Finance Managers are
responsible for overseeing large sums of money and making decisions that can have serious
consequences for the financial health of an organization. This level of responsibility often
results in intense pressure, especially during critical periods such as quarterly closings or
audits.

Another challenge is the demanding work schedule. It is common for Finance Managers to
work long hours, including evenings and weekends, particularly at the end of fiscal periods or
during strategic planning phases. This workload can lead to difficulties in maintaining a
healthy work-life balance, especially for those managing multiple teams or overseeing
complex projects.

Moreover, the finance industry is highly sensitive to economic conditions. Market

downturns, inflation, and regulatory changes can directly affect job stability and
organizational budgets. Finance professionals must be adaptable and prepared to manage
uncertainty, which may not appeal to individuals seeking stability or routine. While the role is
rewarding, it requires a strong commitment to both performance and resilience
(DigitalDefynd, n.d.).

5. POTENTIAL COMPANIES

In Vietnam
There are several organizations in Vietnam that recruit Finance Managers. Post and
Telecommunication Finance Company Limited, located at No.3 Đặng Thái Thân, Hoàn
Kiếm District, Hanoi, is a leading financial institution with a charter capital of 1,550 billion
VND (as of September 30, 2024). The company specializes in consumer finance services and
frequently recruits finance professionals for budgeting, investment planning, and compliance
roles. Another notable organization is HandicoFinance Joint Stock Company,
headquartered at 155 Đội Cấn, Ba Đình District, Hanoi. With a charter capital of 550 billion
VND, this firm focuses on offering financial products and services for both individuals and
enterprises. Finance Managers at these companies are involved in cash flow monitoring,
policy enforcement, and long-term financial planning.

Worldwide
Globally, Finance Managers can find employment in reputable corporations such as
Berkshire Hathaway and American Express. Berkshire Hathaway, founded in 1839 and
based in Omaha, Nebraska, is one of the largest conglomerates in the world, with a market
capitalization of $645.66 billion as of August 2022. Under the leadership of Warren Buffett,
the company operates in sectors including insurance, utilities, and manufacturing. Finance
Managers at Berkshire are responsible for investment planning, asset management, and risk
assessment. American Express, founded in 1850 and headquartered in New York City, is a
global financial services company with a market capitalization of $118.97 billion. It offers
positions in strategic budgeting, global forecasting, and internal audit. These multinational
firms provide attractive compensation, international exposure, and structured development
programs for finance professionals.

6. CAREER PATH AND OPPORTUNITIES

Entry-Level Positions
The career journey of a Finance Manager typically begins with entry-level positions that help
lay a strong foundation in financial knowledge and technical expertise. Common roles at this
stage include Financial Analyst, Accountant, Budget Analyst, and Audit Associate. In
these positions, professionals are responsible for analyzing financial data, preparing reports,
supporting budgeting processes, and assisting in internal audits. These roles help develop a
keen understanding of financial systems, regulations, and organizational structures. Entry-
level professionals also gain familiarity with essential tools such as Microsoft Excel, financial
modeling software, and enterprise systems. During this phase, individuals are expected to
develop accuracy, discipline, and a solid grasp of accounting standards and financial
reporting principles.

Mid-Level Positions
After gaining experience and technical proficiency, finance professionals often progress to
mid-level roles such as Senior Financial Analyst, Accounting Manager, Treasury
Manager, and Finance Business Partner. At this stage, professionals begin to assume more
leadership responsibilities, including managing junior staff, overseeing budget planning, and
contributing to strategic financial decisions. They are often involved in forecasting, risk
management, investment evaluation, and internal process improvement. Communication and
presentation skills become increasingly important, as these roles require frequent
collaboration with department heads and senior management. This phase marks a transition
from operational to strategic involvement, and professionals are encouraged to pursue
certifications such as CPA or CFA to further enhance their career prospects.

Senior-Level Positions
Professionals who demonstrate consistent performance and leadership qualities may be
promoted to senior-level positions such as Finance Manager, Financial Controller, or
Finance Director. These roles come with greater responsibility in shaping financial strategy,
optimizing investment portfolios, and leading cross-functional teams. Finance Managers at
this level are typically responsible for creating long-term financial plans, advising executive
boards, and ensuring full compliance with international accounting standards. As they
progress further, opportunities to take on executive positions such as Vice President of
Finance or Chief Financial Officer (CFO) become attainable. These roles require not only
financial expertise but also visionary thinking, people management skills, and the ability to
navigate complex regulatory environments.

Industry-Wide Demand and Opportunities

Finance Managers are in demand across a wide range of sectors, including banking,
insurance, retail, technology, healthcare, government, and non-profit organizations. Their
versatile skills allow them to adapt to various business models and operational environments.
In addition to traditional corporate roles, finance professionals with strong analytical and
strategic capabilities can also work in financial consulting, mergers and acquisitions
(M&A), and investment analysis. Specialized roles in Treasury Management, Risk
Management, and Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A) are also popular career
directions for those seeking to deepen their expertise.

Global Mobility and Career Growth

One of the key advantages of pursuing a finance career is the opportunity for international
employment. Professionals who hold globally recognized certifications such as CFA, CPA,
or ACCA can apply for roles in multinational corporations (MNCs) or financial hubs such as
Singapore, London, Dubai, and New York. The demand for qualified Finance Managers is
growing in both developed and emerging markets. With the rise of digital transformation in
finance, those with experience in data analytics and financial technology also enjoy a
competitive edge in the global job market.

7. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Training and development play a vital role in the career growth of Finance Managers. As
financial regulations, technologies, and market conditions evolve rapidly, it is crucial for
professionals in this field to continually update their knowledge and skills. Organizations that
invest in employee development not only enhance individual performance but also strengthen
their overall financial resilience.

Training programs typically begin with orientation sessions, where new finance
professionals are introduced to company policies, financial procedures, and compliance
expectations. These sessions are essential for aligning personal responsibilities with
organizational goals. Lectures and workshops are also commonly used to provide technical
knowledge on subjects such as investment analysis, tax planning, and risk management.
Many firms host internal seminars or partner with external institutions to deliver advanced
training in financial modeling, forecasting techniques, and digital tools such as ERP systems.

Beyond technical instruction, companies are increasingly emphasizing the development of

soft skills. Communication, leadership, and strategic thinking are all essential for Finance
Managers who regularly interact with other departments and advise senior executives.
Mentorship programs and job rotation schemes are often used to expose finance
professionals to different business functions and broaden their strategic perspective.

In addition, professionals are encouraged to pursue industry-recognized certifications such as

Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), or Association
of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA). These certifications not only validate
technical competency but also demonstrate a commitment to the profession. Continuous
training ensures that Finance Managers remain competitive, adaptable, and prepared for
increasingly complex financial challenges (Corporate Finance Institute, n.d.).

8. ACTION PLAN

YEAR GOALS STRATEGIES TIMELINE

Year 1 Develop a strong - Research finance career Months 1-3: Research
financial foundation paths and salary levels careers, build personal
and improve - Create a personal financial budget, open savings
performance plan Months 4-6: Start
- Open a savings account and job/internship hunt,
build an emergency fund complete 1–2 finance
- Take online courses
finance/investment courses Months 7-9: Begin
 (e.g., CFA Level 1, Excel for budgeting, learn basic
Finance) investing
- Seek internships or part-time Months 10-12: Review
jobs in financial services personal finances and
adjust plan
Year 2 Earn certifications and - Take advanced certifications Months 1-3: Secure
increase income (e.g., CFA, CPA) better income sources,
- Attend finance workshops, study CFA Level 1
seminars Months 4-6: Attend
- Upgrade to higher-paying events, increase
part-time or full-time roles monthly savings
- Save 20–30% of income Months 7-12: Build a
using 50/30/20 rule side income (freelance,
- Begin small-scale stock trading)
investments
Year 3 Find a mentor and - Network to find a finance Months 1-6: Start
diversify income mentor mentorship, small
- Earn industry-recognized business, freelance
certification (e.g., CFA Level projects
2) Months 7-12: Evaluate
- Launch or expand side income growth,
business negotiate raise or job
- Continue saving and increase switch
investment ratio
Year 4 Work with high-level - Allocate >30% income to Months 1-6: Reassess
clients and invest investments investment strategies,
more seriously - Plan large purchases (e.g., boost portfolio
car, property) Months 7-12: Network
- Expand connections with with professionals,
senior professionals, investors reduce liabilities
- Ensure full debt control and
financial stability
Year 5 Achieve financial - Review and restructure Months 1-6: Achieve
freedom and become a portfolio financial milestones,
 mentor - Set and reach long-term rebalance portfolio
financial goals (home, Months 7-12: Reflect
retirement) on journey, mentor
- Explore flexible, passion- others, plan next steps
based career paths
- Mentor younger finance
professionals

9. REFERENCES

Accounting.com. (n.d.). How to become a financial manager.

https://www.accounting.com/careers/financial-manager/how-to-become/
Corporate Finance Institute. (n.d.). Employee training and development.
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/management/employee-training-and-
development/
DigitalDefynd. (n.d.). Pros and cons of career in finance. https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/pros-
cons-of-career-in-finance/
Holzman, S. (2024, September 27). Soft skills finance accounting. Salesforce.
https://www.salesforce.com/blog/soft-skills-finance-accounting/
LinkedIn. (n.d.). Achieving financial freedom. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/achieving-
financial-freedom-olotu-omotayo/
Martinis, P. (2023, September 27). Technical skills for finance. Dokka.
https://dokka.com/technical-skills-for-finance/
Northwestern Mutual. (n.d.). 4 steps to building a solid financial foundation.
https://www.northwesternmutual.com/life-and-money/4-steps-to-building-a-solid-financial-
foundation/
RaiseMe. (n.d.). Financial Manager Career Path.
https://www.raise.me/careers/management/financial-managers/
U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.). Finance Manager Career Map.
https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/career-map-financial-manager