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It212 Lecture 7

The document discusses indexing and query optimization techniques to enhance database performance, highlighting the importance of indexing for quick data retrieval. It outlines different types of indexes, including clustered and non-clustered indexes, as well as B-Tree and hash indexes. Additionally, it covers query processing, optimization strategies, and best practices for performance tuning.

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8 views9 pages

It212 Lecture 7

The document discusses indexing and query optimization techniques to enhance database performance, highlighting the importance of indexing for quick data retrieval. It outlines different types of indexes, including clustered and non-clustered indexes, as well as B-Tree and hash indexes. Additionally, it covers query processing, optimization strategies, and best practices for performance tuning.

Uploaded by

ANDROID Locu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indexing and Query

Optimization
Enhancing Database Performance
By Mrs. Memory M Lumbwe
Introduction to Indexing

• Indexing is a data structure technique to quickly locate and


access data in a database without scanning the entire table.
• Purpose: Improve query performance by reducing data retrieval
time.
Types of Indexes
1.Clustered Index
1. Physically sorts the data rows in the table based on key values.
2. Only one clustered index per table (since data rows can be sorted only
one way).
Non-Clustered Index
1. Contains a
separate structure
to store index keys
and pointers to
actual data rows.
2. Multiple non-
clustered indexes
can exist per table.
B-Tree Index

1. Balanced tree
structure that
maintains sorted
data for quick
data retrieval.
2. Commonly used
for both
clustered and
non-clustered
indexes.
Hash Index

1. Uses a hash
function to
compute the
location of data.
2. Very efficient for
equality searches
but not useful for
range queries.
Query Processing and Optimization
• Query Processing
• Validating SQL statements.
• Query rewriting for simplification.
• Generating execution plans.
• Query Optimization
• Selecting the most efficient execution plan.
• Cost-based evaluation considering CPU, I/O, and memory usage.
• Use of indexes to speed up access paths.
Query Optimization Strategies

• Use of indexes to minimize full table scans.


• Join order optimization to reduce intermediate result sizes.
• Predicate pushdown to filter data early in the query process.
• Avoid unnecessary columns in SELECT statements.
• Use of statistics about data distribution for accurate cost
estimation.
Performance Tuning and Best Practices
• Regularly update statistics to assist the optimizer.
• Create appropriate indexes based on query patterns.
• Avoid over-indexing to prevent overhead on data modifications.
• Optimize queries by rewriting for efficiency.
• Monitor query performance using database profiling tools.
• Consider partitioning large tables to improve performance.

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