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2.5 - Transformations of Functions

Chapter 2.5 covers transformations of functions, focusing on graphing parent functions, applying vertical and horizontal shifts, reflections, and vertical stretching or shrinking. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the order of transformations when graphing functions with multiple transformations. The chapter includes examples to illustrate these concepts and their applications.

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5 views8 pages

2.5 - Transformations of Functions

Chapter 2.5 covers transformations of functions, focusing on graphing parent functions, applying vertical and horizontal shifts, reflections, and vertical stretching or shrinking. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the order of transformations when graphing functions with multiple transformations. The chapter includes examples to illustrate these concepts and their applications.

Uploaded by

mr.jayden.ayala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2.

5 – Transformations of Functions

Objectives:
 Graph the common parent functions.
 Graph and write the equations of functions involving vertical and horizontal shifts.
 Graph and write the equations of functions reflections over the x -axis.
 Given the equation of a function, state the transformations applied to the parent function.
 Graph and write the equations of functions involving multiple transformations.

I. The Parent Functions


A parent function is the simplest function of a particular type. There are many types of functions in
mathematics, but here we will focus on six common function types.

Linear Function: f ( x )=x

x f (x)

D: R:

Absolute Value Function: f ( x )=| x|

x f (x)

D: R:
Quadratic Function: f ( x )=x 2

x f (x)

D: R:

Square Root Function: f ( x )= √ x

x f (x)

D: R:

Cubic Function: f ( x )=x 3

x f (x)

D: R:
Cube Root Function: f ( x )= √3 x

x f (x)

D: R:

II. Vertical & Horizontal Shifts


Vertical Shift Let f be a function and c a positive real number.
 The graph of y=f ( x )+ c is the graph of y=f (x ) shifted c units __________.
 The graph of y=f ( x )−c is the graph of y=f (x ) shifted c units __________.

Example 1 State the function type. Then, write the equation of the graphed function.
a) b)

Function Type: Function Type:


Equation: Equation:
c) d)

Function Type: Function Type:


Equation: Equation:

Example 2 Begin by graphing the parent of each function. Then, graph the specified function.
a) b)

f ( x )= √ x +3 3
f ( x )=x −1

Horizontal Shift Let f be a function and c a positive real number.


 The graph of y=f (x +c ) is the graph of y=f (x ) shifted c units __________.
 The graph of y=f (x−c) is the graph of y=f (x ) shifted c units __________.

IMPORTANT NOTE:
Example 3 State the function type. Then, write the equation of the graphed function.
a) b)

Function Type: Function Type:


Equation: Equation:

c) d)

Function Type: Function Type:


Equation: Equation:

Example 4 Begin by graphing the parent of each function. Then, graph the specified function.
a) b)

f ( x )= √ x +1
2 3
f ( x )= ( x −3 )
III. Reflection

The graph of y=−f (x ) is the graph of y=f (x ) reflected across the x -axis.

Example 5 State the function type. Then, write the equation of the graphed function.
a) b)

Function Type: Function Type:


Equation: Equation:

c) d)

Function Type: Function Type:


Equation: Equation:

Example 6 Begin by graphing the parent of each function. Then, graph the specified function.
a) b)

f ( x )=−¿ √3 x f ( x )=−x
2
IV. Vertical Stretching & Shrinking

Let f be a function and c be a positive real number.


 If |c|> 1, the graph y=c ∙ f ( x) is the graph of y=f (x ) that has been vertically _______________
by a factor of c .
 If |c|< 1, the graph y=c ∙ f ( x) is the graph of y=f (x ) that has been vertically _______________
by a factor of c .

Example 7 State whether the function has undergone a vertical shrink or vertical stretch from its
parent function and by what factor.
1 3
a) f ( x )=4 √ x b) f ( x )= x
3

−1
c) f ( x )= | x| d) f ( x )=−2 √3 x
2

V. Sequences of Transformations
 So far, we have examined each transformation one at a time. However, many functions consist
of more than one transformation.

 You have to be very careful when graphing functions with multiple transformations, since
performing the transformations in the wrong order may lead to an incorrect graph.
 By following the standard order of operations, you can correctly graph a function that has
undergone multiple transformations.
Example 8 State – in order – the transformations from the parent function.
a) f ( x )=| x−5|−7 b) f ( x )=−√ x +2

1
c) f ( x )=−( x−4 )3+ 1 d) f ( x )= √3 x+ 9
3

Example 9 Use transformations to graph the function.

a) f ( x )=| x+1|−4 b) f ( x )=−( x+3 )3+1

CAUTION: Performing the transformations in the incorrect order may yield an incorrect graph!

Example 10 Write the equation of the graphed function.


a) b)

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