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Central Ideas and Details

Artist Justin Favela aims to reclaim the piñata's significance in Latinx culture through his tissue paper sculptures, including a life-size sculpture of the Gypsy Rose lowrider car displayed at the Petersen Automotive Museum in 2017. In a study on smart home technology, researchers found that users with high expectations often experience negative disconfirmation but can still achieve contentment through cognitive mechanisms. The text also discusses various discoveries and research findings, including ancient glyphs in Alabama and the rotation of Saturn's moon Mimas.

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7 views4 pages

Central Ideas and Details

Artist Justin Favela aims to reclaim the piñata's significance in Latinx culture through his tissue paper sculptures, including a life-size sculpture of the Gypsy Rose lowrider car displayed at the Petersen Automotive Museum in 2017. In a study on smart home technology, researchers found that users with high expectations often experience negative disconfirmation but can still achieve contentment through cognitive mechanisms. The text also discusses various discoveries and research findings, including ancient glyphs in Alabama and the rotation of Saturn's moon Mimas.

Uploaded by

ngovanh8245
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Artist Justin Favela explained that he wanted to reclaim the importance of the piñata
as a symbol in Latinx culture. To do so, he created numerous sculptures from strips
of tissue paper, which is similar to the material used to create piñatas. In 2017,
Favela created an impressive life-size piñata-like sculpture of the Gypsy Rose
lowrider car, which was displayed at the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los
Angeles, California. The Gypsy Rose lowrider was famously driven by Jesse Valadez,
an early president of the Los Angeles Imperials Car Club.

According to the text, which piece of Favela's art was on display in the Petersen
Automotive Museum in 2017?

A. A painting of Los Angeles


B. A painting of a piñata
C. A sculpture of Jesse Valadez
D. A sculpture of a lowrider car
2

In a study of new technology adoption, Davit Marikyan et al. examined negative


disconfirmation (which occurs when experiences fall short of one's expectations) to
determine whether it could lead to positive outcomes for users. The team focused
on established users of "smart home" technology, which presents inherent utilization
challenges but tends to attract users with high expectations, often leading to
feelings of dissonance. The researchers found that many users employed cognitive
mechanisms to mitigate those feelings, ultimately reversing their initial sense of
disappointment.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A. Research suggests that users with high expectations for a new technology can
feel content with that technology even after experiencing negative disconfirmation.
B. Research suggests that most users of smart home technology will not achieve a
feeling of satisfaction given the utilization challenges of such technology.
C. Although most smart home technology is aimed at meeting or exceeding users'
high expectations, those expectations in general remain poorly understood.
D. Although negative disconfirmation has often been studied, little is known about
the cognitive mechanisms shaping users' reactions to it in the context of new
technology adoption.
3

The ice melted on a Norwegian mountain during a particularly warm summer in


2019, revealing a 1,700-year-old sandal to a mountaineer looking for artifacts. The
sandal would normally have degraded quickly, but it was instead well preserved for
centuries by the surrounding ice. According to archaeologist Espen Finstad and his
team, the sandal, like those worn by imperial Romans, wouldn't have offered any
protection from the cold in the mountains, so some kind of insulation, like fabric or
animal skin, would have needed to be worn on the feet with the sandal.

What does the text indicate about the discovery of the sandal?

A. The discovery revealed that the Roman Empire had more influence on Norway
than archaeologists previously assumed.
B. The sandal would have degraded if it hadn't been removed from the ice.
C. Temperatures contributed to both protecting and revealing the sandal.
D. Archaeologists would have found the sandal eventually without help from the
general public.
4

NASA's Cassini probe has detected an unusual wobble in the rotation of Mimas,
Saturn's smallest moon. Using a computer model to study Mimas's gravitational
interactions with Saturn and tidal forces, geophysicist Alyssa Rhoden and colleagues
have proposed that this wobble could be due to a liquid ocean moving beneath the
moon's icy surface. The researchers believe other moons should be examined to see
if they too might have oceans hidden beneath their surfaces.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A. Rhoden and colleagues were the first to confirm that several of Saturn's moons
contain hidden oceans.
B. Research has failed to identify signs that there is an ocean hidden beneath the
surface of Mimas.
C. Rhoden and colleagues created a new computer model that identifies moons with
hidden oceans without needing to analyze the moons' rotation.
D. Research has revealed that an oddity in the rotation of Mimas could be explained
by an ocean hidden beneath its surface.
5

Disco remains one of the most ridiculed popular music genres of the late twentieth
century. But as scholars have argued, the genre is far less superficial than many
people believe. Take the case of disco icon Donna Summer: she may have been
associated with popular songs about love and heartbreak (subjects hardly unique to
disco, by the way), but like many Black women singers before her, much of her music
also reflects concerns about community and identity. These concerns are present in
many of the genre's greatest songs, and they generally don't require much digging to
reveal.

What does the text most strongly suggest about the disco genre?

A. It gave rise to a Black women's musical tradition that has endured even though the
genre itself faded in the late twentieth century.
B. It has been unjustly ignored by most scholars despite the importance of the
themes addressed by many of the genre's songs.
C. It has been unfairly dismissed for the inclusion of subject matter that is also
found in other musical genres.
D. It evolved over time from a superficial genre focused on romance to a genre
focused on more serious concerns.
6

The following text is adapted from Edgar Allan Poe's 1849 story "Landor's Cottage."

During a pedestrian trip last summer, through one or two of the river counties of New
York, I found myself, as the day declined, somewhat embarrassed about the road I
was pursuing. The land undulated very remarkably; and my path, for the last hour,
had wound about and about so confusedly, in its effort to keep in the valleys, that I
no longer knew in what direction lay the sweet village of B——, where I had
determined to stop for the night.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A. The narrator explains the difficulties he encountered on a trip and how he


overcame them.
B. The narrator describes what he saw during a long trip through a frequently visited
location.
C. The narrator recalls fond memories of a journey that he took through some
beautiful river counties.
D. The narrator remembers a trip he took and admits to getting lost.
7

In 2022, researchers rediscovered ancient indigenous glyphs, or drawings, on the


walls of a cave in Alabama. The cave's ceiling was only a few feet high, affording no
position from which the glyphs, being as wide as ten feet, could be viewed or
photographed in their entirety. However, the researchers used a technique called
photogrammetry to assemble numerous photos of the walls into a 3D model. They
then worked with representatives of tribes originally from the region, including the
Chickasaw Nation, to understand the significance of the animal and humanoid
figures adorning the cave.
According to the text, what challenge did the researchers have to overcome to
examine the glyphs?

A. The cave was so remote that the researchers couldn't easily reach it.
B. Some of the glyphs were so faint that they couldn't be photographed.
C. The cave's dimensions prevented the researchers from fully viewing the glyphs.
D. The researchers were unable to create a 3D model of the cave.

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