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The document discusses the consolidation problems faced by Pakistan after its independence in 1947, particularly in East Bengal. It details the formation of the Awami Muslim League in 1949 by Bengali nationalists in response to discrimination and political exclusion, which later evolved into a significant political force advocating for Bengali rights. The Awami League's objectives included the recognition of Bangla as a state language and the establishment of democracy, ultimately leading to the struggle for Bangladesh's independence.

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8 views18 pages

a

The document discusses the consolidation problems faced by Pakistan after its independence in 1947, particularly in East Bengal. It details the formation of the Awami Muslim League in 1949 by Bengali nationalists in response to discrimination and political exclusion, which later evolved into a significant political force advocating for Bengali rights. The Awami League's objectives included the recognition of Bangla as a state language and the establishment of democracy, ultimately leading to the struggle for Bangladesh's independence.

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anikaurmi8
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Post Partition Era Consolidation

Problems in East Bengal & Formation


of Awami Muslim League

PRESENTED BY:
NISHAT ANJUM BINI
Lecturer
Department of Social Relations
1
East West University
Post Partition Era: Problems facing the
new nation of Pakistan

• On 14 August 1947, Pakistan became an


independent country. But it faced many
consolidation problems. Not only did it have to find
a way to set up a new government in a country
with limited resources, but it had to do so in the
face of some of the most serious communal
violence ever seen. Even more significant was that
Pakistan was not really one country, but two – West
Pakistan and East Bengal (later renamed East
Pakistan).
2
Post Partition Era: Problems
facing the new nation of Pakistan
• Geographical Problems
• Refugee Crisis
• Political Problems
• Economic Problems
• Division of financial and military assets
• Social Problems
• Issue of National Language
• The Kashmir Conflict: First Indo-Pakistan
War of 1947
3
4
West and East Pakistan

Source: https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-
region/pakistanbangladesh-1947-1971/ 5
Formation of Awami Muslim League
• On 23 June 1949, Bengali nationalists from East Bengal
broke away from the Muslim League, Pakistan's
dominant political party, and established the Awami
Muslim League
• The party was formed at Rose Garden mansion in old
Dhaka.
• It was formed partly to support the Language Movement
but also in protest against the undemocratic and
seemingly biased attitude of the Pakistan Government.
• Moulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani was the first
President and Shamsul Haq was appointed the first
General Secretary of the Awami Muslim League.
• The party was renamed as Awami League in the
decade of 1950s in order to give it a secular posture
based on Bengali identity politics. It's main policy
became to adopt the path of secularism and non-
communalism.
6
Formation of East Pakistan
Awami Muslim League
• The party was basically formed to champion the
rights of masses in Pakistan against the powerful
feudal establishment led by the Muslim League.
• However, due to its strength stemming from the
discriminated Bengali population of Pakistan's
eastern wing, the party eventually became
associated and identified with East Bengal.

7
Factors leading to the formation of
Awami Muslim League

❑ rising discrimination against Bengalis in


government, industry, bureaucracy and the armed
forces
❑ exclusion of charismatic leaders of East Bengal from
the cabinet of Pakistan
❑ the dominance of the Muslim League
❑ growing agitation in East Bengal against the
omission of Bengali script from coins, stamps and
government exams

8
Formation of Awami Muslim
League/Awami League

• All- India Muslim League (1906-1947)

• Muslim League(1947-1958)

• Awami Muslim League/Awami League


(1949-present)

9
Awami Muslim League
Committee,1949
Name Post
Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan President
Bhashani
Shamsul Haque General Secretary
Ali Ahmed Khan Vice-President
Ali Amzad Khan Vice-President
Sakhawat Hossain Vice-President
Abdus Salam Khan Vice-President
Ataur Rahman Khan Vice-President
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Joint-Secretary
A.K.M Rafikul Islam Joint-Secretary
Khandaker Moshtaque Ahmed Joint-Secretary
Yar Mohammad Khan Treasurer
10
Founders of AML:

11
Founders of AML:

Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani (left) & Yar Mohammad Khan (right)

12
Founders of AML:

Shamsul Haque (left) & Hussain Shahid Suhrwardy(right)

13
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with Huseyn

Shaheed Suhrawardy in 1949

14
Objectives and Programmes of
AML
• recognition of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan
• one man one vote on the basis of the universal adult franchise
• democracy to be ensured in all aspects of the state
• framing of a constitution
• parliamentary system of government
• provincial autonomy in the two wings of Pakistan on the basis of
Lahore resolution
• removal of disparity between the two wings
• compulsory education for every citizen of the nation
• ensuring the accountability of the government officials and
employees
• ensuring equal rights of the people ,freedom of speech and the
formation of political parties
• right to movement
• equal participation in the defence sector for the people of both
the wings of Pakistan

15
Significance of the formation
of Awami Muslim League
• The party quickly gained massive popular support in East
Bengal, later named East Pakistan, and eventually led the
forces of Bengali nationalism in the struggle against West
Pakistan's military and political establishment.
• The political party was later joined by Huseyn Shaheed
Suhrawardy ,who went on to become Prime Minister of
Pakistan
• The party under the leadership of Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh, led the
struggle for independence, first through massive populist and
civil disobedience movements, such as the Six Point
Movement and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement, and then
during the Bangladesh Liberation War.

16
Further Readings:
• Willem Van Schendel, A History of Bangladesh,
Cambridge University Press, New Delhi,2009
• Milton Kumar Dev & Md.Abdus Samad, History of
Bangladesh (1905-2005), BP Publications, Dhaka,
2014
• Dr. Abu Md. Delwar Hossain, Bangladesher Itihas
(1905-1971),BP Publications, Dhaka,(2nd Edition),
2016

17
Thank You!

18

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