SUCCESS IN BIOLOGY P1, 2016 – 2023 G.C.

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SUCCESS IN BIOLOGY
PAPER 1 (G.C.E) VOLUME ONE
2ND EDITION – OCTOBER 2023
Instant Revision from E.C.Z Question Papers
GRADE 10 – 12 2015 – 2023

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PRIMARY: GRADE 5 – GRADE 7 JUNIOR SECONDARY: GRADE 8 – GRADE 9

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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for the General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

BIOLOGY 5090/1
PAPER 1 multiple choice

Wednesday 6 JULY 2016

Time: 50 minutes

1 Which characteristic of living organisms is described by the following statement?

"Permanent increase in size of an organism".
A Excretion
B Growth
C Reproduction
D Respiration

2 What are the correct functions of the following specialised cells?

Root hair cell Phloem cells Xylem cells
A Absorption of water Conduction of sucrose Conduction of water
B Absorption of water Conduction of water Conduction of sucrose
C Conduction of water Conduction of sucrose Absorption of water
D Conduction of water Absorption of water Conduction of sucrose

3 The diagram shows an apparatus used to investigate osmosis.

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What molecules will pass through the selectively permeable membrane and what will
happen to level P?

4 In the phylum arthropoda, which of the following characteristics correctly identifies the
class insecta?
Number of main body parts Pairs of legs Pairs of wings
A 2 3 2
B 3 2 4
C 3 3 2
D 4 6 4

5 Which of the following signs indicate that a plant is lacking magnesium?

A Purple leaves and thin stem.
B Small leaves and thin stem.
C White upper leaves and normal leaves.
D Yellow leaves and yellow stems.

6 The diagram shows the amount of oxygen produced by a green plant, growing outdoors,
during a 24-hour period. Which letter represents midday?

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7 Which substances are needed for formation of healthy bones and teeth?
A Calcium and Vitamin C.
B Calcium and Vitamin D.
C Iron and Vitamin C.
D Iron and Vitamin D.
8 The diagram shows the alimentary canal.

Which labelled structure produces an acidic digestive juice?

9 The diagram shows a villus.

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Which of the following correctly describes the functions of the numbered parts?
1 2 3
A Absorbs digested fats Absorbs glucose Produces enzymes
B Absorbs digested fats Absorbs glucose Produces mucus
C Absorbs glucose Produces digested fats Produces enzymes
D Absorbs glucose Absorbs digested fats Produces mucus

10 The diagrams show the transverse section of a dicot root and a dicot stem.

Which tissues carry sucrose in solution?

Root Stem
A P R
B P S
C Q R
D Q S

11 Which conditions will increase the rate of transpiration in a plant?

Temperature Humidity Wind speed
A High High High

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B High Low High

C Low High High
D Low Low High

12 A woman has fewer red blood cells than normal. What would be the effect of this?
A Her blood contains high levels of urea.
B Her blood does not clot properly.
C Her body does not get enough oxygen.
D She cannot fight off infections.

13 The diagram shows a transverse section of the human heart.

14 The diagram represents the liver, Kidney and some associated blood vessels. In which
blood vessel will the blood contain the lowest concentration of urea?

15 The end products of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells are ...

A carbon dioxide and ethanol.
B carbon dioxide and lactic acid.
C carbon dioxide and water.
D ethanol and water.

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16 What happens to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during inspiration?
Diaphragm External intercostal muscles
A Contract Contract
B Contract Relax
C Relax Contract
D Relax Relax

17 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate respiration in germinating seeds.

In which direction does the coloured water move?

P Q
A Left Right
B Left Stay still
C Right Left
D Stay still Right

18 The diagram shows a root meristem.

Which part is the region of cell division?

19 The diagram shows the life cycle of a mosquito.

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What stages are X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
A Adult Pupa Larva
B Adult Larva Pupa
C Larva Adult Pupa
D Larva Pupa Adult

20 The diagram shows part of a dialysis machine.

Which substance in the dialysis fluid should be at a lower concentration than in the blood?
A Amino acids and glucose.
B Amino acids and urea.
C Glucose and salts.
D Salts and urea.

21 The graph shows changes in the person's body temperature plotted against time.
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What causes the change in temperature between P and Q?

A Increase in temperature.
B Increase in evaporation of water in sweat.
C Reduced blood flow through surface capillaries.
D Shivering.
22 What effect would an increase in glucagon have on the human body?

23 Which of the following correctly distinguishes a taxic response from a tropic response? The
taxic response...
A involves hormones.
B is a growth movement.
C is movement of whole organism.
D is irreversible.

24 Which part of the brain is responsible for osmoregulation?

A Cerebellum
B Cerebrum
C Hypothalamus
D Medulla oblongata

25 Which substances are depressant drugs?

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Alcohol Heroin Nicotine

A ✓ ✓ ✓ Key
B ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ depressant drug
C ✓ X ✓ X not a depressant drug
D X ✓ ✓

26 The diagram shows a section through the eye.

Which pair of structures focus light rays onto the retina?

A 1 and 2.
B 1 and 3.
C 2 and 3.
D 2 and 4.
27 The diagram shows a bone from a fore limb.

What is the name of the bone and which type of joint does it form at P?
Bone Joint
A Humerus Hinge
B Humerus Ball and socket
C Ulna Hinge
D Ulna Ball and socket

28 The diagram shows the main bones and muscles of the arm.

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What happens when muscle P contracts?

A The lower arm is extended.
B The lower arm is raised.
C The upper arm is raised.
D The whole arm rotates.

29 The diagram below shows a form of asexual reproduction.

What name is given to the vegetative structure labelled P?

A Corm
B Rhizome
C Runner
D Sucker

30 In plant reproduction, the following processes occur:

1 Fertilization
2 Growth of a pollen tube
3 Pollination
4 Seed germination
In which order do these processes occur?

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31 A woman ovulates on the 7th of January. In which week will her next menstrual period
begin?
January
Mon Tue Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
A - - - 1 2 4 4
B 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
C 12 13 14 15 16 17 25
D 26 27 28 19 30 31 -

32 Which one of the following statements describes the effects of smoking on the baby in a
pregnant mother?
A Increased growth rate and increased birth weight.
B Increased growth rate and reduced birth weight.
C Reduced growth rate and increased birth weight.
D Reduced growth rate and reduced birth weight.

33 Which of the following parasites requires a fresh water snail to complete its life cycle?
A Plasmodium
B Schistosoma
C Trypanosoma
D Vibrio cholera

34 Which one of the following is the most effective way of avoiding HIV infection by someone
who is not infected?
A Avoiding sexual intercourse.
B Having one sexual partner.
C Using condoms during sexual intercourse.
D Using spermicides during sexual intercourse.

35 The diagram below shows a simple version of the energy flow through a food chain.

What happens to the energy leaving the decomposers?

A Adds to soil fertility.
B Lost as heat.
C Lost in undigested food (faeces).
D Returns to the sun.

36 The diagram shows a part of the carbon cycle. Which letter represents fossilisation?
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37 Which of the following is an effect of deforestation?

A Decreased carbon dioxide content in the air.
B Decreased flooding of low lying land.
C Increased rainfall.
D Increased rate of soil erosion.

38 An insect has 42 chromosomes in each of its muscle cells.

How many chromosomes are there in its egg cells?
A 42
B 30
C 25
D 21

39 If the allele for round seeds is dominant to the allele for wrinkled seeds, how many wrinkled
seeds can be obtained in a cross of 200 heterozygous plants to yield 1500 round seeds?
A 6000
B 2000
C 1500
D 500

40 The diagram shows a family pedigree in which some members have sickle cell anaemia.

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Which person could have two alleles for sickle cell anaemia?

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for the General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

BIOLOGY 5090/1
PAPER 1 multiple choice
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Tuesday 25 JULY 2017

Time: 50 minutes

1 The diagram shows a guava leaf with a magnification of x2.0.

If the length of the drawing is 8.0 cm, what is the length of the actual leaf?
A 4.0 cm
B 7.5 cm
C 8.5 cm
D 16.0 cm

2 The diagram shows a plant cell.

Which two structures in this cell are not present in a red blood cell?
A 1 and 2
B 2 and 3
C 3 and 4
D 2 and 4
3 What term is used to refer to a solution outside a cell whose concentration is lower than the
concentration of a solution inside the living cell?
A Equilibrium
B Hypertonic
C Hypotonic
D Isotonic

4 The diagram shows the lock and key model of enzyme action.

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Which number in the diagram represents the enzyme and the substrate?
Enzyme Substrate
A 1 2
B 1 3
C 2 1
D 3 2

5 Which of the following correctly shows the deficiency diseases caused by lack of vitamin
C, proteins and iron in the body?
Vitamin C Protein Iron
A Anaemia Rickets Scurvy
B Kwashiorkor Anaemia Rickets
C Rickets Scurvy Kwashiorkor
D Scurvy Kwashiorkor Anaemia

6 Which nutrient in the diet should be increased to keep a patient healthy after suffering from
malaria for a long time?
A Calcium
B fat
C Iron
D Vitamin D

7 In plants, magnesium is an essential element for formation of ...

A chlorophyll.
B flowers.
C proteins.
D roots.
8 The diagram shows the structure of Rhizopus.

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Which labelled part releases digestive enzymes?

9 The diagram shows the internal structure of a leaf.

Which part transports food nutrients?

10 An organism has the following number of teeth in the mouth.

Incisors - 4, canines - 8, premolars -10 and molars -12.
What is the dental formula of the organism?

11 The diagram below shows part of the digestive tract.

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Which structure produces an alkaline juice needed in digestion?

12 What changes cause expiration (breathing out) to take place?

Diaphragm muscle Internal intercostal muscle Volume of thorax
A Contracts Relaxes Increases
B Contracts Contracts Decreases
C Relaxes Relaxes Increases
D Relaxes Contracts decreases

13 Which of the following can help to reduce the causes of stigma to people living with HIV and
AIDS?
A Fear
B Myths
C Counselling and testing
D Sensitization

14 What type of immunity do babies obtain from the mother through breast milk?
A Artificial active immunity.
B Artificial passive immunity.
C Natural active immunity.
D Natural passive immunity.

15 In an experiment to compare water loss, four similar leaves were treated with petroleum
jelly (Vaseline) and left on a table for one hour.
Leaf 1 Upper surface only covered.
Leaf 2 Lower surface only covered.
Leaf 3 Both surfaces covered.
Leaf 4 Neither surface covered.
Which of the leaves will wilt the slowest?
A Leaf 1
B Leaf 2
C Leaf 3
D Leaf 4

16 Which vitamin is essential for clotting of blood?

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A Vitamin A
B Vitamin B
C Vitamin C
D Vitamin K

17 The diagram shows the external view of the heart.

Which blood vessel is the pulmonary vein?

18 Which substance cannot diffuse out of the blood into the dialysis fluid through the dialysis
membrane in a kidney machine?
A Glucose
B Protein
C Sodium
D Urea

19 A person is digging on a hot day without drinking any water.

What effect will this have on the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the
reabsorption of water in the body?
Release of ADH Reabsorption of water
A Decreases Decreases
B Decreases Increases
C Increases Decreases
D Increases Increases

20 Which of the following is one of the effects of over production of thyroxine?

A Cretinism
B Giantism
C Hyperactivity
D Myxoedema

21 The diagram shows a reflex arc.

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What are the numbered neurones called?

1 2 3
A Relay Sensory Motor
B Relay Motor Sensory
C Motor Sensory Relay
D Motor Relay Sensory

22 The diagram shows a longitudinal section of the human brain.

Which of the labelled part is responsible for controlling heart rate, reasoning and
temperature?
Heart rate Reasoning Temperature
A P Q S
B Q R P
C R S Q
D S Q P

23 The diagram shows bones and muscles of the forelimb.

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Which of the following correctly identifies joint P and what happens to muscle Q and R
when the arm is straightened?
Joint P Muscle Q Muscle R
A Ball and socket Contract Relax
B Ball and socket Relax Contract
C Hinge Contract Relax
D Hinge Relax Contract

24 The diagram shows plant shoots growing towards a stimulus.

What type of tropic response is illustrated in the diagram?

A Positive geotropism
B Positive phototropism
C Negative phototropism
D Negative geotropism

25 The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a seed.

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What are the numbered parts?

1 2
A Cotyledon Plumule
B Plumule Radicle
C Radicle Plumule
D Plumule Cotyledon

26 What type of asexual reproduction occurs in Rhizopus?

A Binary fission
B Budding
C Fragmentation
D Spore formation

27 Identify the type of natural vegetative reproduction illustrated by each of the following
diagrams.

X Y Z
A Tuber Bulb Rhizome
B Tuber Rhizome Bulb
C Rhizome Tuber Bulb
D Tuber Bulb Stolon

28 Which feature in the flower below shows that it is wind pollinated?

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A Lobed stigma
B Long filaments
C Presence of petals
D Short filaments

29 The diagram shows four different fruits.

Which two fruits are dispersed by animals?

A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 3 and 4

30 Which of the following correctly states the functions of the cowper's gland, prostate gland
and seminal vesicle in a male reproductive system?

31 The diagram shows part of a human female reproductive system after copulation.

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What processes are taking place at points 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3
A Fertilisation Implantation Ovulation
B Fertilisation Ovulation Implantation
C Ovulation Fertilisation Implantation
D Ovulation Implantation Fertilisation

32 Vasectomy is one of the methods of preventing pregnancy.

Which structure in the male reproductive system is cut during vasectomy?
A Epididymis
B Prostate gland
C Sperm duct
D Urethra

33 Which statement correctly describes events which take place during interphase of mitosis?
A Chromosomes start to coil, become shorter and thicker.
B Chromosomes line up on the equator of the spindle.
C Chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibres,
D Chromosomes are replicated ready for the next division.

34 In horses, red hair is dominant over brown hair. A breeder crosses a number of
heterozygous red-haired horses. What percentage of the offspring will be red-haired?
A 25%
B 50%
C 75%
D 100%

35 Which of the following diseases is caused by chromosomal mutation?

A Colour blindness
B Down's syndrome
C Haemophilia
D Sickle cell anaemia
36 The diagram shows an experimental set up to investigate one of the components of soil.
The water level in the U-shaped tube moves up towards P.

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What component of soil is being investigated in the experiment above?

A Air
B Humus
C Micro-organisms
D Moisture

37 The diagram shows feeding relationships of organisms in an ecosystem.

Which organisms in the food web are herbivores?

A Impala, Zebra, Giraffe, Elephant
B Impala, Zebra, Giraffe, Leopard
C Zebra, Giraffe, Leopard, Cheetah
D Zebra, Lion, Leopard, Cheetah

38 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

At which point are nitrifying bacteria involved?

39 What changes in the concentration of oxygen, number of fish and number of bacteria would
occur when sewage is discharged into a river?

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40 Which of the following human activities help increase bio-diversity of organisms?

A Afforestation
B Charcoal production
C Fishing
D Hunting

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

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Examination for the General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

BIOLOGY 5090/1
PAPER 1 multiple choice

Monday 30 JULY 2018 50 minutes

1 The diagram shows a light microscope.

Which labelled part supports the objective lens and is rotated to bring the lens of desired
magnification into position?

2 The diagram shows a cell as seen under an electron microscope,

What type of cell is shown?

Type of cell Reason
A Animal Outer layer is cell membrane
B Animal No chromosomes are visible
C Plant Presence of cytoplasm
D Plant Cell wall is visible

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3 The diagram shows freshly cut potato chips, one chip suspended in liquid M and another
suspended in liquid N.

Which one of the following correctly identifies liquids M and N?

Liquid M Liquid N
A Concentrated sugar solution Pure water
B Dilute sugar solution Concentrated sugar solution
C Pure water Concentrated sugar solution
D Pure water Dilute sugar solution

4 Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes?

A To accelerate metabolic activities.
B To breakdown food molecules.
C To catalyse digestion.
D To make biochemical reactions possible.

5 Which combination of chemical elements is present in a protein molecule?

6 Which of the following people need a lot of carbohydrates in their diet?

A Lacting mother
B Malaria patient
C Manual worker
D Sedentary worker

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7 Which of the following correctly shows a plant nutrient and its function?
Element Function
A Calcium Formation of middle lamina
B Nitrogen Activates enzymes
C Potassium Formation of ATP and NADP
D Sulphur Forms part of the chlorophyll molecule

8 The diagram shows the internal structure of a leaf.

In which labelled cells is the rate of photosynthesis highest on a sunny day?

9 What type of nutrition is carried out by a Rhizopus?

A Chemotrophic
B Parasitic
C Phototrophic
D Saprophytic

10 The diagram shows a skull of a herbivore.

What type of teeth are represented by P and Q?

P Q
A Canines Molars
B Canines incisors
C Incisors Premolars
D Incisors Molars

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11 The diagram shows a villus.

In which of the labelled structures are amino adds and glucose absorbed and transported?
A Lacteal
B Blood capillaries
C Epithelium
D Mucus secreting cell

12 The diagram shows some of the structures in a human lung.

At which point is the oxygen concentration lowest?

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13 Glucose is an energy source needed for body processes to occur.

What processes are represented by X and Y?

X Y
A Photosynthesis Growth
B Photosynthesis Respiration
C Respiration Growth
D Respiration Photosynthesis

14 Which of the following forms of drug abuse leads to the highest risk of infection with
the Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV)?

A Cannabis (dagga) smoking

B Cigarette smoking
C Drinking alcohol
D Injecting heroin

15 The diagram shows a potometer.

Which of these factors will cause the fastest movement of the air bubble in the direction
shown?
A Decreased temperature
B Decreased wind speed
C Increased humidity
D Increased light intensity

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16 Mary has blood group A. Which of the following is true about Mary's blood?
Antigens on red blood cells Antibodies in plasma
A Antigen A Anti-B antibodies
B Antigen B Anti-A antibodies
C Antigen A and B Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
D No antigen No antibodies

17 The table shows features of some blood vessels and the direction of blood flow in them.

Which blood vessel is the pulmonary artery?

A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

18 The diagram shows a human kidney and its blood supply.

Compared with the blood in vessel W, the blood in vessel X has ...
A less urea and less oxygen.
B less urea and more oxygen.
C more urea and less oxygen.
D more urea and more oxygen.

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19 The diagram shows part of the human skin.

What is the function of layer P?

A Insulation against the cold
B Manufacture of skin pigment
C Rapid cell division
D Reducing water loss

20 Which hormone is responsible for regulation of water in the human body?

A Adrenaline
B Anti-diuretic hormone
C Glucagon
D Insulin

21 What are the physical effects of heroin?

A Addiction occurs rapidly and rate of breathing increases.
B Causes anxiety and panic and increases sensitivity to pain.
C Reduces rate of breathing and causes anxiety and panic.
D Reduces sensitivity to pain and addiction occurs rapidly.

22 The diagram shows a section through the human eye.

What happens when muscle P contracts? The lens becomes ...

A thicker to focus near objects.
B thicker to focus distant objects.
C thinner to focus distant objects.
D thinner to focus near objects.

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23 The diagram shows part of a vertebral column.

What are the parts labelled X, Y and Z?

Centrum Neural spine Spinal cord
A X Y Z
B X Z Y
C Y X Z
D Y Z X

24 The diagram shows two stages in the growth of a plant exposed to light from one side of a
box.

Which labelled part is the effector?

25 The diagram shows a longitudinal section through a root.

Which one is the region of cell division?

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26 The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a seed.

Which labelled structure would show the greatest loss in dry mass during the first week of
germination?

27 Which of the following is true regarding vegetative propagation?

A Occurs naturally and artificially producing genetically identical plants.
B Occurs naturally and artificially producing genetically different plants.
C Occurs only artificially producing genetically similar plants.
D Occurs only naturally producing genetically similar plants.

28 The diagram shows a longitudinal section through a flower.

Which process occurs when pollen is transferred from X to Y?

A Dispersal
B Fertilisation
C Pollination
D Reproduction

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29 The diagram shows the structure of a fruit in pea plants.

What method of dispersal is illustrated in the diagram?

A Animal dispersal
B Self dispersal
C Water dispersal
D Wind dispersal

30 The diagram shows the male reproductive system.

In which structure are hormones that bring about secondary sexual characteristics
produced?

31 Which structure contracts when the baby is being born?

A Cervix
B Placenta
C Umbilical cord
D Uterus

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32 The diagrams represent different methods of birth control.

Which birth control method is represented by X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
A Hormonal Mechanical Mechanical
B Hormonal Mechanical Surgical
C Mechanical Mechanical Surgical
D Mechanical Surgical Mechanical

33 The bar chart (a) shows the percentage of each blood group in a human population, while
the bar chart those without horns.

Which type of variation is shown in each population?

Human blood Horns in goat groups
A Continuous Continuous
B Continuous Discontinuous
C Discontinuous Continuous
D Discontinuous Discontinuous

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34 The diagram shows the inheritance of albinism in a family. Albinism is caused by a recessive
allele.

What are the genotypes of the parents 1 and 2?

1 2
A Heterozygous Heterozygous
B Heterozygous Homozygous dominant
C Homozygous recessive Heterozygous
D Homozygous recessive Homozygous recessive

35 The table shows some characteristics of four different vertebrates.

Which vertebrate is a reptile?

36 Which soil component is important in giving soil a good crumb structure?

A Clay particles
B Humus
C Silt
D Sand particles

37 The diagram shows a food chain.

If the hawks are removed from this food chain, what is likely to happen to the number of
the other organisms in this chain?

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Green flies Insect eating birds Lady birds

A Decrease Increase Decrease
B Decrease Increase Increase
C Increase Decrease Decrease
D Increase Decrease Increase

38 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle in a forest. The letters P, Q and R represent
different processes that occur during the carbon cycle.

Which of these processes are reduced in rate as a result of deforestation?

A P only.
B P and Q only.
C Q and R only.
D P, Q and R.

39 Which pollutants of water can lead to eutrophication?

A Fertilizers and herbicides.
B Fertilizers and sewage.
C Herbicides and insecticides.
D Insecticides and sewage.

40 What is the reason for conserving plant species?

A To absorb oxygen from the air.
B To decrease rainfall.
C To obtain drugs for medicinal use.
D To release carbon dioxide into the air.

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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for the General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

BIOLOGY 5090/1
PAPER 1 multiple choice

Tuesday 30 JULY 2019

Time: 50 minutes

1 A learner was walking along a road when she saw an object under a tree. When the
learner touched the object, it rolled over and divided into two. Which characteristics of
living organisms did the object show?
A Excretion movement, nutrition
B Growth, reproduction, sensitivity
C Movement, reproduction, respiration
D Movement, reproduction, sensitivity

2 Which of the following correctly lists the path followed by the light beam from the mirror
to a viewer of the specimen under a microscope?
A Specimen objective lens barrel eye piece
B Specimen eye piece barrel objective lens
C Specimen barrel objective lens eye piece
D Eye Piece Specimen objective lens barrel

3 The diagram below shows a section through a leaf.

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Which structure is an organ and which one is a tissue?

Organ Tissue
A P R
B P S
C Q R
D S Q

4 The table below shows conditions in four test tubes containing equal quantities of starch
and salivary amylase.
Test tube pH Temperature/ °C
1 2 27
2 2 37
3 7 27
4 7 37

In which test tube would the starch be broken down fastest?

A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

5 The table below shows some of the nutrients in four meals. Which meal will be the most
likely to stimulate peristalsis along the alimentary canal?
g/100g
Carbohydrates Fat Roughage Protein
A 18 12 8 25
B 30 32 2 12
C 38 4 22 10
D 40 15 10 5

6 Which of the following deficiency diseases results from consuming foods that lack
iodine?
A Anaemia
B Goitre
C Kwashiorkor
D Marasmus

7 Which macronutrient stimulates growth of flowers and twits in plants?

A Magnesium
B Nitrogen
C Phosphorus
D Potassium

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8 The diagram shows a variegated leaf, partly covered as shown. The leaf was exposed to
light for four hours and then tested for starch.

Which regions will turn blue-black?

A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 2 and 3

9 The following is the dental formula of a dog:

3 1 4 2
𝐼 𝑐 𝑝𝑚 𝑚
3 1 4 3
How many incisors are in the mouth of this dog?
A 6
B 8
C 12
D 16

10 The diagram shows part of the human digestive system. What digestive juice flows
through the part labelled Q?

A Bile
B Gastric juice
C Intestinal juice
D Pancreatic juice

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11 Which of the following can be caused by excessive drinking of alcohol?

A Emphysema
B Cirrhosis
C Hepatitis
D Hepatomegaly

12 What happens to the floor of the mouth and operculum during inspiration in fish?
Floor of mouth Mouth Operculum
A Lowered Open Closed
B Lowered Closed Closed
C Raised Closed Open
D Raised Closed Closed

13 Four flasks were sterilised and set up as shown.

Which flask will contain most alcohol after several hours?

14 Children under five years receive immunisation against measles.

What type of immunity do they develop after an injection against measles?
A Active/Natural
B Active/Artificial
C Passive/Natural
D Passive/Artificial

15 How is the rate of transpiration affected by decreasing temperature and light intensity?
Decreasing Decreasing light
temperature intensity
A Slower Slower
B Slower Faster
C Faster slower
D Faster Faster

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16 The diagram below shows some cells from the mammalian blood.

Which of the above cells breaks down pathogens?

17 The diagram below shows a longitudinal section of the heart.

Which of the valves labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4 are dosed and which ones are open during
atrial systole.

Valves 1 and 2 Valves 3 and 4

A Closed Closed
B Closed Open
C Open Closed
D Open Open

18 The diagram below shows the human excretory system.

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What is the function of part labelled X?

A To excrete urea
B To produce urea
C To produces urine
D To store urine

19 How does the skin maintain the body temperature at 371''C when a person moves from a
hot to a cold environment?
A Arterioles in skin constrict
B Arterioles in skin dilate
C Hairs on skin lie flat
D Skin produces sweat

20 The diagram shows a reflex arc.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence in the flow of an electrical impulse?
A P Q R S
B P R S Q
C Q R S P
D Q S P R

21 The following are some of the drugs used or abused by human beings.
1 alcohol
2 heroin
3 penicillin
Which of these drugs may be addictive, leading to possible withdraw symptoms when
their use is discontinued?
A 1 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3

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22 The diagram shows a section through a human eye.

Which structure contains the muscles which contract to produce a focused image
on the retina?

23 How are bones and cartilage similar?

A They are both rigid.
B They both act as shock absorbers.
C They both contain living cells,
D They both produce red blood cells.

24 The diagram below shows three shoots exposed to light coming from one direction.

How will these plant shoots look like after 48 hours?

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25 The diagram below shows parts of a shoot tip.

Which of the parts labelled A, B, C or D is a region of cell elongation?

26 The following diagrams show the germination of broad bean seed, mustard seed and sun
flower seed.

What type of germination is shown by these seedlings?

Broad bean Mustard Sunflower
A Hypogeal Epigeal Epigeal
B Hypogeal Hypogeal Epigeal
C Epigeal Epigeal Hypogeal
D Epigeal Hypogeal Epigeal

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27 Which of the following is a disadvantage of vegetative propagation?

A Plants are usually overcrowded,
B Plants are widely dispersed.
C Plant population grows slowly.
D Varieties of useful plants are kept unchanged.

28 The following shows a marigold fruit magnified three times,

The above fruit is dispersed by …

A animals.
B self-mechanism,
C water.
D wind,

29 The diagram shows the male reproductive and urinary systems,

Which structure produces the fluid part of semen?

30 A natural method of birth control assumes that sperm live for three days after sexual
intercourse, ovulation occurs between days 13-15 of the menstrual cycle and released
ova live for 36 hours.
On which clay of the cycle would sexual intercourse not result into pregnancy?

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A Day?
B Day 10
C Day 12
D Day 16

31 The diagram shows a foetus in the uterus.

Which structures remove excretory products from the foetus?

A P and Q
B Q and R
C R and S
D S and P

32 What is the advantage of male circumcision?

A It prevents the spread of HIV and other TIs.
B It helps the man enjoy sex more.
C It prevents spread of cervical cancer.
D It helps the female enjoy sex more.

33 The following are examples of characteristics in humans.

1 Eye colour
2 Height
3 Body mass
4 Sex
Which of the above characteristics are examples of continuous variation?
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 3
D 3 and 4

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34 A woman has blood group O. Her child also has blood group O.
What is the likely blood group genotype of the father to the child?
A IAIA
B IBIB
C IAIB
D IAIO

36 An experiment was carried out to investigate the drainage of soil samples from four
different fields. Equal amounts of soil and water were used. The diagrams show the
results of this investigation.

Which soil sample was day?

A 1 B 2
C 3 D 4

37 The diagram shows what happens to the energy that enters the atmosphere from
the sun.

How much of the sun's energy is not used for photosynthesis?

A less than 2%
B about 32%
C about 66%
D more than 98%

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38 Plants and animals living in a particular area at a particular time are collectively called a ..
A community.
B habitat.
C population.
D species.

39 Which of the following is undertaken to minimise the pollution of the air from motor
vehicle exhaust fumes?
A Paying carbon tax
B Stopping using vehicles
C Using air filters
D Using catalytic converters

40 Which one of the following is not an economic reason for maintaining biodiversity?
A Charcoal production
B Sources of food
C Sources of medicine
D Tourist attraction

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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for the General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

BIOLOGY 5090/1
PAPER 1 multiple choice

2020
Time: 50 minutes Marks: 40 marks

1 Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living organisms?

A Excretion
B Photosynthesis
C Reproduction
D Respiration

2 The diagram below shows a mesophyll cell of a leaf.

Which labelled structures are not found in liver cells of a human being?
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 4
C 1 and 5
D 3 and 5

3 The diagram below shows an experiment to demonstrate the movement of molecules.

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After one hour, the water in the beaker turned red. What is the most likely reason for
this colour change? Molecules of ...
A red ink move through the membrane by diffusion.
B red ink move through the membrane by osmosis.
C water move through the membrane by diffusion.
D water move through the membrane by osmosis.

4 The graph below shows the effects of pH on a particular enzyme controlled

reaction.

At which point is the enzyme not active?

A At pH 1 and pH 13
B At pH 3 and pH 11
C At pH 5 and pH 9
D At pH 7

5 Which of the following food nutrients would produce a purple colour when mixed with
biuret reagent?
A Fat
B Protein
C Reducing sugar
D Starch

6 Which of the following correctly identifies disorders caused by lack of vitamin C,

roughage and protein?
Vitamin C Roughage Protein
A Anaemia Scurvy Marasmus
B Anaemia Constipation Marasmus
C Scurvy Anaemia Kwashiorkor
D Scurvy Constipation Kwashiorkor

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7 Which of the following plant nutrients keeps cell membranes healthy?

A Boron
B Calcium
C Magnesium
D Potassium

8 The diagram below shows a section through a leaf. Which cell type absorbs the most
carbon dioxide during the day?

9 The diagram shows a Rhizopus.

What is the part labelled X?

A Hyphae
B Sporangiophore
C Sporangium
D Stolon

10 The following is the dental formula of a dog.

3 1 4 2
𝑖: , 𝑐: , 𝑝𝑚: , 𝑚:
3 1 4 3
How many molar teeth are there in the upper jaw of this dog?
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 6

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11 The diagram below shows part of the human digestive system.

Which of the organs A, B, Cr or D carries out deamination of excess amino acids?

12 Which of the following correctly identifies parts of the respiratory system where gaseous
exchange occurs in humans, fish and insects?
In humans In fish In insects
A Alveoli Gills Tracheoles
B Alveoli Operculum Spiracles
C Nostrils Gills Tracheoles
D Nostrils Operculum Spiracles

13 What is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Lactic acid Carbon dioxide
A ✓ ✓
B ✓ X
C X ✓
D X X
KEY
✓ = Produced
X = Not Produced

14 Which of the following is a pathogenic disease?

A Cholera B Coronary heart disease
C Sickle cell anaemia D Scurvy

15 Which conditions of humidity, light intensity and temperature below make transpiration
rate highest?
Humidity % Light intensity Temperature/°C
A 10 High 20
B 10 Low 5
C 80 High 5
D 80 Low 20

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16 Which of the following components is responsible for the clotting of blood?

A Erythrocytes
B Lymphocytes
C Phagocytes
D Platelets

17 The diagram below shows the human circulatory system.

Which of the parts A, B, C, or D carries oxygenated blood at lower pressure?

18 The table below shows the percentage composition of some chemicals found in blood
entering the kidney of a healthy person.
Chemical Composition in blood
entering kidney/ %
Glucose 0.10
Protein 8.00
Urea 0.03

What is the percentage composition of the above chemicals in the urine of the healthy
person?
Glucose Protein Urea
A 0.00 0.00 2.00
B 0.00 4.00 0.00
C 0.10 8.00 2.00
D 1.00 4.00 0.03

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19 The graph shows the air temperature and body temperature during a 24 hour period.

Which mechanism may help to maintain the body temperature between 18 00 hours and
24 00 hours?
A Decrease in metabolic rate
B Evaporation of water in the sweat
C Vasoconstriction of arterioles near the skin surface
D Vasodilation of arterioles near the skin surface

20 The diagram shows the endocrine glands in a human being.

Which hormones are produced by glands R, S and T?

R S T
A ADH Adrenaline Insulin
B ADH Insulin Adrenaline
C Insulin Adrenaline ADH
D Insulin ADH Adrenaline

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21 The diagram below shows a reflex arc.

What is the correct order of passage of nerve impulses after the knee is tapped?
A 1 2 3 4
B 1 4 2 3
C 4 1 2 3
D 4 3 2 1

22 What role do the ciliary muscles, suspensory ligaments and lens play to focus a nearby
object?
Ciliary Suspensory Lens shape
Muscles Ligaments
A Contract loosen become fat
B Contract tighten becomes fat
C Relax loosen becomes thin
D Relax tighten becomes thin

23 Which of the following correctly identifies the type and composition of the skeleton
of an insect?
Type Composition
A Endo skeleton Cartilage
B Endo skeleton Keratin
C Exo skeleton Chitin
D Exo skeleton Protein

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24 In an experiment to investigate phototropism, a plant shoot is grown withfight

coming from one side only.

Which region has the greatest growth after two days?

25 Which environmental condition is not essential for the germination of seeds?

A Availability of light
B Availability of oxygen
C Availability of water
D Suitable temperature

26 The diagram below shows a type of asexual reproduction in bacteria.

What type of asexual reproduction is illustrated above?

A Binary fission
B Budding
C Fragmentation
D Spore formation

27 The diagram shows a plant that is producing small plantlets.

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Which statement about the plantlets is correct? They are ...

A genetically different from the parent plant.
B genetically identical to the parent plant.
C produced as a result of the fusion of nuclei.
D produced by fertilising the flowers.

28 Flowers show adaptation to wind or insect pollination. Which of the following

adaptions are found in a wind pollinated flower?
Anthers Nectary Petals Stigma
A Firmly attached present brightly coloured inside flower
B Firmly attached present dull coloured outside flower
C Loosely attached absent brightly coloured inside flower
D Loosely attached absent dull coloured outside flower

29 Which method of fruit dispersal occurs in coconut plants?

A Animal
B Self
C Water
D Wind

30 The diagram below shows the male reproductive system.

Which part produces testosterone?

31 Which structure is involved in the transfer of dissolved nutrients f%-.:77 the mother
to the foetus?
A Kidney
B Liver
C Placenta
D Stomach

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32 Which of the following methods of contraception works by inhibiting the

production of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in the pituitary gland?
A Condoms
B Contraceptive pill
C Intra-Uterine Device
D Vasectomy

33 Which of the following characteristics is an example of discontinuous variation in

humans?
A Height
B Length of foot
C Tongue rolling
D Weight

34 A couple produces a child who is an albino. Albinism is a condition in which skin

pigment is not made. What is the chance that their next child will be an albino?
A 0%
B 25%
C 50%
D 100%

35 Which of the following four vertebrates in the table is a reptile?

Scaly skin Hair Four limbs Tail
A ✓ X ✓ ✓
B ✓ ✓ X ✓
C X X ✓ X
D X Y ✓ ✓
KEY
✓ = Present
X = Absent

36 Which of the following soil types has the highest nutrient content?
A Clay
B Loam
C Sand
D Silt

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37 The diagram shows a pyramid of biomass for all organisms in an ecosystem.

Which organisms are carnivores?

A P and Q
B P and R
C Q and R
D R and S

38 The diagram below represents the carbon cycle.

What process is represented by letter X?

A Combustion
B Feeding
C Photosynthesis
D Respiration

39 Over use of fertiliser on huge farms near water bodies cause the chemical in the fertiliser to be
wasted into ponds and lakes. This causes eutrophication resulting in the following events:
1 algae bloom
2 fish dying
3 massive growth of bacteria
4 oxygen depletion
In which order do these events occur?
A 1 3 4 2
B 1 4 3 2
C 3 4 2 1
D 4 1 2 3

40 Which activity will be least likely to lead to the extinction of species?

A Conservation B Deforestation
C Use of herbicides D Use of pesticides

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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

BIOLOGY 5090/1
PAPER 1 multiple choice

2021
Time: 50 minutes Marks: 50

1 Which of the following characteristics of living organisms is common to both plants and
animals?
A Growth
B Locomotion
C Saprophytic nutrition
D Vegetative propagation

2 The diagram below shows a compound light microscope.

Which of the labelled parts holds and turns the objective lenses into position?

3 Which row shows the features found in both plant and animal cells?
Chloroplast Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes Cell
wall
A √ √ √ X X
B √ X √ √ √
C X √ √ √ √
D X √ √ √
Key
√= Feature present
X = Feature absent
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4 The graph shows the effect of temperature on enzyme activity.

Which labelled point correctly indicates the optimum temperature?

5 The table shows the concentration of glucose and starch in an onion.

Total glucose g/100g Total starch g/100g
4.0 0.0
The onion was tested with Benedict’s solution and Iodine solution. Which set of results
were obtained?
Benedict’s Iodine solution
solution
A Blue Blue – black
B Blue Brown
C Brick – red Blue – black
D Brick – red Brown

6 Which of the following kinds of people need a lot of energy in their diet?
A Aged
B Lactating women
C Sportsmen
D Youths

7 Nitrogen is a macro nutrient in plants which is used for the formation of ….

A Cellulose.
B Fats.
C Proteins.
D Vitamins.

8 The diagram is an experimental set up to show that light energy is needed for
Photosynthesis. The set up was left in sunlight for 12 hours. Then the leaf was tested for
the presence of starch.

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Which part of the leaf did not contain starch after 12 hours?

9 The diagram shows the structure of Rhizopus. Which or the labeled parts is the stolon

10 The diagram shows the longitudinal section of a molar tooth.

What is part S called?

A Cement
B Dentine
C Enamel
D Pulp cavity

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11 What are the ailments associated with the large intestine?

Appendicitis Cholera Dysentery Diabetes
A √ √ √ √
B √ √ √ X
C X X √ √
D √ X X √

Key
√= Ailments associated with the large intestine
X = Ailments not associated with the large intestine

12 The diagram shows gaseous exchange in the alveolus.

Which of the following correctly represents the gases X and Y?

Gas X Gas Y
A Carbon dioxide Oxygen
B Nitrogen Oxygen
C Oxygen Carbon dioxide
D Oxygen Nitrogen

13 Which of the following is an application of respiration ?

A Fractional distillation
B Glucose production
C Sewage treatment
D Water treatment

14 What type of immunity is associated with BCG vaccination against Tuberculosis?

A Artificial active immunity
B Artificial passive immunity
C Natural active immunity
D Natural passive immunity

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15 Which conditions are needed for a blood clot to form when a person cuts oneself?
Calcium Platelets Fibrinogen White
ions Blood
Cells
A √ √ X √
B √ √ √ X
C X √ √ X
D X X √ √

Key
√ =Needed
X Not needed

16 The diagram shows an external View of the human heart

What is the name of the blood vessel labelled X?

A Coronary artery
B Pulmonary artery
C Pulmonary vein
D Vena cava

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17 The diagram shows the Circulatory system.

Name the blood vessels labelled J and K?

J K
A Hepatic artery Hepatic vein
B Hepatic portal vein Mesenteric artery
C Hepatic vein Hepatic artery
D Renal vein Renal artery

18 In which part of the kidney does ultrafiltration occur?

A Bowman’s capsule
B Glomerulus
C Loop of Henle
D Renal tubule

19 What changes are likely to occur when a hotel cook moves from a very cold store room
into a hot kitchen?
Sweating Shivering Skin blood
vessels
A Decreases Decreases Constrict
B Decreases Increases Dilate
C Increases Decreases Dilate
D Increases Increases Constrict

20 Which of the following shows the correct match between the hormone and its effects?
Hormone Effect
A Adrenaline Decreases the heart rate
B Glucagon Reduces the blood sugar concentration
C Insulin Increases the blood glucose concentration
D Thyroxine Controls basal metabolic rate

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21 The diagram shows a reflex arc.

What are the structures labelled J, K and L?

J K L
A Effector Motor neurone Sensory neurone
B Motor neurone Receptor Effector
C Motor neurone Sensory neurone Receptor
D Motor neurone Relay neurone Sensory neurone

22 The diagram shows a section through the human eye.

Which structure contains the muscles which contract to produce a focused image on the
retina?

23 Which of the following is correct about the exoskeleton? It is….

A Inside the body and made of calcium deposits.
B Inside the body and made of chitin.
C Outside the body and made of calcium deposits.
D Outside the body and made of chitin.

24 Which or the following statements or behaviour of living organisms can be referred to as

negative taxism?
A Cockroaches moving away from light.
B Earthworms moving towards chemicals.
C Plants growing away from light.
D Termites flying towards light.

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25 The diagram shows the structure of a maize seed.

What are the parts labelled X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
A Coleorhiza Plumule Testa
B Cotyledon Radicle Coleorhiza
C Plumule Cotyledon Testa
D Radicle Testa Coleorhiza

26 The diagram shows the structure of Mucor.

What type of asexual reproduction is demonstrated in the diagram?

A Binary fission
B Budding
C Fragmentation
D Spore formation

27 Which of the following is not an advantage of vegetative propagation?

A Cheap
B Genetic stability
C Overcrowding
D Plants mature faster

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28 The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a pistil (carpel) of a flower.

Which part receives pollen during pollination?

29 The diagram shows a dandelion fruit.

How is this fruit dispersed and what adaptive feature enables it to be dispersed in that
manner?
Type of dispersal Adaptive feature
A Animal Presence of hooks
B Animal Edible flesh
C Wind Having parachute
D Water Impervious pericarp

30 Which part of the male reproductive system produces the hormone testosterone
A Epididymis
B Penis
D Sperm duct
D Testis

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31 The diagram shows the changes that occur to the uterus during the
the menstrual cycle.

Which or the following shows the times (in days) when ovulation and menstruation are
likely to occur?
Likely ovulation days Menstruation occurs
A 10 – 27 13 – 15
B 10 – 27 25 – 28
C 13 – 15 1–4
D 22 – 25 1–4

32 Which method of birth control works by preventing an ovum from being released?
A Condom
B Oral contraceptive pills
C Rhythm method
D Vasectomy

33 Which cells in the human body are produced by meiosis?

A Muscle cells
B Nerve cells
C Sperm cells
D White blood cells

34 Which cross is likely to result in a 3:1 ratio of a phenotype controlled by a dominant allele
T and recessive allele t?
A TT x tt
B Tt x Tt
C Tt x TT
D Tt x tt

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35 The diagram shows an arthropod.

To which class does this organism belong?

A Chilopoda
B Diplopoda
C Pauropoda
D Symphyla

36 An experiment to investigate one property of soil was set up as shown. Each thin glass
tube was filled with the same amount of a different type of soil and stood in water for
two hours.

What property of the soil samples was being investigated?

A Air content
B Capillarity
C Drainage
D Water retention

37 Which of the following correctly identifies biotic factors, abiotic factors and a
population?

Abiotic Biotic A population

A Cow Air 100 Impalas
B Goat Water 10 Lions and 200 Pigs
C Rocks Zebra 250 hectares of grass
D River Rabbits 50 Grass hoppers

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38 The diagram shows a food web. In one particular year, a swarm of locusts invaded and
Ravaged the area.

What could have happened to the population of Baboons and Impalas?

Population of Population of
Baboons Impalas
A Increase Increase
B Increase Reduce
C Reduce Increase
D Reduce Reduce

39 In the carbon cycle, which two processes add carbon to the atmosphere?
A Combustion and respiration
B Decomposition and fossilisation
C Feeding and fossilisation
D Photosynthesis and respiration

40 Which of the following is the correct reason for conserving plant species? To….
A Absorb oxygen from the air.
B Decrease rainfall.
C Obtain medicine from them.
D Release carbon dioxide into the air.

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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

BIOLOGY 5090/1
Paper 1

Tuesday 10 AUGUST 2022

Time: 50 minutes Marks: 50

1 Which of the lists contains only non-living things in an environment?

A Rocks, snails, grass
B Snails, water, mushroom
C Soil, trees, worms
D Sunlight, water, soil

2 The diagram shows a light microscope.

Which of the labeled parts move the objective lenses quickly up and down and brings
into focus the image under the low power magnification?

3 The diagram shows an animal cell.

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Which of the following components of a cell is not found in the cell?

A Cell membrane
B Chloroplasts
C Cytoplasm
D Nucleus

4 The diagram shows the activity of salivary amylase, pancreatic lipase and stomach
protease at different pH values.

From the graph, what is the optimum pH value for the enzyme protease?
A 2.0
B 3.3
C 6.5
D 8.0

5 The table shows food tests carried out to investigate the presence of reducing sugars in
an apple fruit.
Method Result/observation
A Benedict's solution test Solution turns from blue colour to orange
B Biuret Reagent test Reagent remains blue-green in colour
C Emulsion test Ethanol remains clear/colourless
D Iodine solution test Iodine remains yellow in colour

Which of the tests shows a positive result?

6 Which of the following is a disorder resulting from lack of proteins in a diet of a child?
A Anaemia
B Kwashiorkor
C Obesity
D Rickets

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7 A pregnant woman was advised at the hospital to eat food containing adequate amount
of iron. What is the importance of iron in the diet of a pregnant woman?
A Formation of haemoglobin for the foetus.
B Formation of proteins for the growth of the foetus.
C Formation of strong bones of the foetus.
D Regulation of blood pH in the foetus.

8 What are the functions of magnesium and nitrogen ions in plants?

Magnesium ions Nitrogen ions
A Formation of amino acids Formation of chlorophyll
B Formation of chlorophyll Formation of amino acids
C Formation of ATP Formation of chlorophyll
D Formation of nitrates Formation of ATP

9 The following is the dental formula of a dog.

3 1 4 2
𝑖 3 , 𝑐 1 , 𝑝𝑟 4 , 𝑝 3
How many premolars are there in the mouth of this dog?
A 4
B 8
C 10
D 16

10 The diagram illustrates the movement of a bolus of food through the Oesophagus.

This process is referred to as…

A assimilation.
B egestion.
C ingestion.
D Peristalsis.

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11 Which of the following is not an effect of an ailment of the liver?

A High blood sugar
B Low blood pressure
C Low toxin levels in the blood
D Poor bile formation

12 Which of the following occur during inhalation in fish?

Operculum Pressure inside mouth Floor of the mouth
A Closed Reduced Lowered
B Closed Increased Lowered
C Open Reduced Raised
D Open Increased Raised

13 The following apparatus was set up to investigate one of the products of respiration.

What would happen to the lime water in flasks X and Y when the pump is switched on?
Flask X Flask Y
A Becomes cloudy Becomes cloudy
B Becomes cloudy Stays clear
C Stays clear Becomes cloudy
D Stays clear Stays clear

14 Which of the following are symptoms of a disease?

A Body weight loss, toothache, headache
B Coughing, body weight loss, diarrhea
C Diarrhea, vomiting9, high body temperature
D Headache, toothache, high body temperature

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15 The diagrams show cross sections of a stem and root of a plant.

Which of the following correctly identifies the parts of the plant?

X Y
A Dicot stem Dicot root
B Dicot root Dicot stem
C Monocot root Monocot stem
D Monocot stem Monocot root

16 The diagrams show some components of blood.

What are the functions of these components of blood

P Q R
Clotting of blood Transport oxygen Produce antigen
Produce antigen Produce antibodies Engulf pathogens
Transport oxygen Engulf pathogens Produce antibodies
Transport oxygen Engulf bacteria Clotting of blood

17 Which of the following is the function of Lymph nodes?

A Prevent back flow of blood
B Prevent back flow of Lymph
C Prevent diseases
D Produce fatty acids and glycerol

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18 The diagram shows the structure of a kidney tubule.

Which of these correctly identifies where ultrafiltration, reabsorption and

osmoregulation occur?
Ultrafiltration Reabsorption Osmoregulation
A X Y Z
B X Z Y
C Y X Z
D Z X Y

19 The diagram shows the human skin.

What happens to the parts labelled M, N, and O on a cold day in order to regulate body
temperature?
M N O
A Constricts Contracts Does not produce sweat
B Constricts Relaxes Does not produce sweat
C Dilates Contracts Produces sweat
D Dilates Relaxes Produces sweat

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20 The diagram shows glands of the endocrine system.

What is the name and function of the hormone produced in the structure labelled W?
Hormone Function
Adrenaline Prepares the body to react to an emergency
Insulin Simulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen
Oestrogen Stimulating formation of follicle cells.
Thyroxin Regulating metabolic rate of the body

21 The diagram shows a section of the human brain.

Which of the labelled parts is responsible for reasoning?

22 Deafness can best be prevented by …

A cleaning ears regularly with hard materials.
B cleaning ears regularly with soft materials.
C listening to loud music regularly
D listening to soft music regularly.

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23 Which of the following correctly compares a ball and socket joint and a hinge joint?
Ball and Socket Joint Hinge Joint
A Allows movement in all planes Allows movement in one plane
B Allows movement in one plane Allows movement in all planes
C Allows rotating movements Bones are tightly held together by fibres
D Bones are tightly held together by fibres Allows rotating movements

24 When light is switched on in a dark room where there are cockroaches, the cockroaches
move away from light and quickly hide in dark places. This is an example of …
A positive phototaxis.
B positive phototropism.
C negative phototaxis.
D negative phototropism.

25 The diagram shows a longitudinal section through a monocot seed.

Which of the labelled parts is not present in a dicot seed?

26 The diagram shows stages of asexual reproduction in a yeast cell.

What type of asexual reproduction is lustrated in the diagram?

A Binary fission
B Budding
C Fragmentation
D Spore formation

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27 Which of these plant parts can be used during vegetative reproduction?

A Fruit
B Leaf bud
C Ovary
D Seed

28 The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a flower.

Which parts will continue growing after fertilisation has taken place?
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 3
D 3 and 4

29 Which of the methods of seed/fruit dispersal carries the seeds the shortest distance?
A Animal
B Self
C Water
D Wind

30 The diagram shows the female reproductive system and its associated structures

Which labelled part identifies where implantation occurs?

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31 Which of the following is not a cause of infertility in human beings?

A Alcoholism
B Blocked oviduct
C Ovulation disorder
D Poor nutrition

32 What or birth control affects the normal functioning of hormones

A Contraceptive pills
B Condom
C IUD
D Tubal ligation

33 Which stage of mitosis is illustrated in the diagram?

A Anaphase
B Metaphase
C Prophase
D Telophase

34 Two individuals who had normal skin colour had a child who was an albino. What is the
Probability that they will have another child who is an albino?
A 0.25
B 0.50
C 0.60
D 0.75

35 Which of the following lists of organisms consists of only vertebrates?

A Amphibians, birds, fish and protozo0a
B Arthropods, birds, reptiles and mammals
C Birds, fish, reptiles and protozoa
D Birds, reptiles, fish and mammals

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36 An experiment was carried out to investigate the drainage of three different types of soil
samples X, Y and Z. same amount or each type of soil was placed in a funnel and same
volume of water was poured into funnels. The experiment was allowed to stand for an
hour. The diagrams show results of the experiment.

Which of the following identifies the different types of soil samples?

Soil X Soil Y Soil Z
A Clay Loam Sand
B Clay Sand Loam
C Loam Sand Clay
D Loam Clay Sand

37 The figure shows a food web in a given ecosystem.

How many herbivores are there in this food web?

A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

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38 The following are factors that can cause a change in the human population except …
A disease.
B earthquakes.
C immigration.
D number of species.

39 The diagram shows the Carbon cycle.

Which of the labelled processes removes carbon from the atmosphere?

40 What is the negative effect of Over use of fertilisers in a farmland near a stream?
A Acid rain formation
B Eutrophication
C Global warming
D Soil erosion

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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

Biology 5090/1
Paper 1 Multiple Choice

Thursday 10 AUGUST 2023

Time: 50 minutes Marks: 40

1 Some lizards detach their tails when threatened by a predator. Which characteristic of
living organisms is shown?
A Excretion
B Growth
C Reproduction
D Sensitivity

2 The diagrams shows a plant and an animal cell.

Which of the labelled structures is found in both cells?

A W
B X
C Y
D Z

3 Which of the following is not a tissue?

A Blood
B Epidermis
C Leaf
D Muscle

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4 The graph shows how pH affects the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction.
Which letter on the graph shows the optimum pH?

5 The table shows results of some food tests. Which sample shows food containing both
starch and proteins?
Sample Benedict's Solution Biuret Reagent Ethanol Iodine Solution
A Blue Blue Clear Blue-black
B Blue Purple Clear Blue-black
C Red Blue Cloudy Brown
D Red Purple Cloudy Brown

6 Which nutrient is needed to make the haeimoglobin in red blood cells?

A Calcium
B Iron
C Roughage
D Vitamin D

7 A plant has weak cell walls. Which of the following nutrients was the plant lacking?
A Boron
B Calcium
C Nitrogen
D Potassium

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8 The diagram shows a section through a leaf. Which arrow represents the diffusion of
oxygen during photosynthesis?

9 A tick feeding on the blood of a dog is an example of …

A commensalism.
B mutualism.
C parasitism.
D predation.

𝐗 1 4 2
10 The dental formula of a dog is i 3 c1 pm m3
4
The total number of teeth in the mouth of the clog is 42. Find the value of X.
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 6

11 The diagram n shows the human alimentary canal. Which labelled structure produces
gastric juice?

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12 The diagram shows a gill of a fish.

In which labelled part does gaseous exchange take place?

A Q
B R
C S
D T

13 The diagram shows the life cycle of a mosquito. Which stage in the life cycle of the
mosquito transmits pathogens?

14 Stigma against people living with HIV and AIDS can be reduced by ..
A fear.
B lack of information.
C myths.
D sensitisation.

15 The diagram shows some storage organs in plants.

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Which of the following correctly identifies these organs?

P Q R
A Corm Rhizome Tuber
B Corm Tuber Rhizome
C Rhizome Corm Tuber
D Rhizome Tuber Corm

16 The table shows the blood groups in human beings

A B AB O

Which blood group can be donated to any person?

A A
B AB
C B
D O

17 The diagram shows a section of the human heart.

What is the function of the structure labelled Q? It …

A controls the amount of blood leaving the heart.
B increases the pressure in part R.
C prevents backflow of blood into part P.
D prevents blood flowing into the vena cava

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18 Where is urea made and where is it removed

Made Removed
A Kidney Bladder
B Kidney Kidney
C Liver Kidney
D Liver Rectum

19 diagram shows a section through the human skin. Which labelled structure releases
sweat on a hot sunny day?

20 Which one of the following is not an endocrine gland?

A Pancreas
B Salivary
C Testes
D Thyroid

21 When the nervous system responds to a stimulus, there are several stages leading to the
response. The following are the stages:
1. The central nervous system processes the information,
2. The receptors detect the stimulus.
3. A nerve impulse is sent to the central nervous system.
4. A response is produced.
5. A nerve impulse is sent to the muscles.

What is the correct order of the stages?

A 2, 3, 1, 5, 4
B 2, 3, 5, 1, 4
C 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
D 3, 2, 5, 1, 4

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22 The diagram shows a lens that is used to correct a defect in a human eye.

Which defect is corrected by this lens?

A Cataracts
B Long sight
C Presbyopia
D Short sight

23 The diagram shows part of a mammalian skeleton.

Which of the following correctly identifies the bone labelled W and the type of skeleton?
W Skeleton
A Fibula Endoskeleton
B Patella Exoskeleton
Scapula Endoskeleton
C
D Tibia Exoskeleton

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24 The diagrams show an experiment carried out in order to establish the process of
tropisms in plants.

What type of tropism was exhibited by the shoot of the potted plant?
A Negative geotropism
B Negative phototropism
C Positive geotropism
D Positive hydrotropism

25 The diagram shows the early growth of a green plant.

What is occurring in the diagram from P to Q?

Mitosis Development
KEY
A √ √ √ = occurs
B √ X X = does not occur
C X √
D X X

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26 Some seeds were sown in four dishes under different conditions as shown in the table.
Dish Temperature °C Wet or dry
1 1 Dry
2 1 Wet
3 20 Dry
4 20 Wet

In which dish will the seeds germinate most rapidly?

A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

27 The diagram shows asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms.

What name is given to this type of asexual reproduction?

A Binary fission
B Budding
C Fragmentation
D Spore formation

28 The diagram shows one method of artificial vegetative propagation.

What type of artificial vegetative propagation is demonstrated in the diagram?

A Budding
B Grafting
C Layering
D Stem cutting

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29 The diagram shows some parts of a flower. Where are the male gametes produced?

30 Which fruit will be dispersed by wind?

Fruit Description
A Fleshy and scented
B Light weight and has a wing
C Sticky and has hooks
D Sweet tasting and brightly coloured

31 The diagram shows the female reproductive system. Where does fertilisation take place?

32 The diagrams show four methods of birth control. Which one is a hormonal method?

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33 A Study was made of children whose mother was blood group O (genotype IoIo) and the
father's blood group AB (genotype IAIB). Which statement about their children is correct?
A All will have the same blood group.
B 50% will have the same blood group as their mother.
C 50% will have the same blood group as their father.
D None will have the same blood group as either parent.

34 Which of the following is a beneficial use of mutation?

A Creation of nuclear plants
B Formation of ultra-violet light
C Making of polyploidy plants in agriculture
D Making of x-ray machines in hospitals

35 Which of the following are characteristics of a fish?

Maintain External Jelly Scales
constant body ears covered
temperature eggs
A √ √ X X
B √ X √ √
C X √ X X
D X X √ √

36 Which factor will cause a decrease in population size?

A Decreased death rate
B Decreased disease
C Decreased food supply
D Decreased predation

37 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle.

What does arrow X represent?

A Decay
B Nutrition
C Photosynthesis
D Respiration

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38 Which of the following is an effect of deforestation?

A Decreased carbon dioxide content in the air.
B Decreased flooding of low laying land.
C Increased rainfall.
D Increased rate of soil erosion.

39 Some examples of the waste products of human activity are

1. Discarded household rubbish.
2. Excess fertiliser
3. Industrial chemicals
4. Untreated sewage

Which of these can cause increased growth of aquatic plants?

A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 3 and 4

40 Which of the following is a sustainable use of resources?

A Deforestation
B Game keeping
C Over fishing
D Over hunting

ANSWERS FOR BIOLOGY PAPER 1 – 2016 G.C.E

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1. B 6. C 11.B 16.A 21.B 26.C 31.D 36.C

2. A 7. B 12.C 17.B 22.A 27.B 32.D 37.D
3. D 8. A 13.D 18.D 23.C 28.B 33.B 38.D
4. C 9. D 14.C 19.D 24.C 29.C 34.A 39.D
5. D 10.C 15.A 20.D 25.A/B 30.C 35.A 40.B

ANSWERS FOR BIOLOGY PAPER 1 – 2017 G.C.E

1. A 6. C 11.B 16.D 21.A 26.D 31.C 36.A

2. B 7. A 12.D 17.D 22.D 27.B 32.C 37.A
3. C 8. D 13.D 18.B 23.D 28.B 33.C 38.C
4. C 9. B 14.D 19.D 24.B 29.C 34.C 39.B
5. D 10.D 15.C 20.C 25.B 30.B 35.B 40.A

ANSWERS FOR BIOLOGY PAPER 1 – 2018 G.C.E

1. A 6. C 11.B 16.A 21.D 26.A 31.D 36.B
2. D 7. D 12.A 17.A 22.C 27.A 32.B 37.D
3. A 8. B 13.C 18.A 23.B 28.C 33.D 38.D
4. A 9. D 14.D 19.A 24.C 29.B 34.C 39.B
5. D 10.C 15.D 20.B 25.C 30.D 35.B 40.C

ANSWERS FOR BIOLOGY PAPER 1 – 2019 G.C.E

1. D 6. B 11. B 16. B 21. C 26. D 31. B 36. C

2. A 7. D 12. A 17. B 22. B 27. A 32. C 37. D
3. A 8. C 13. D 18. D 23. C 28. A 33. C 38. A
4. D 9. C 14. B 19. A 24. B 29. C 34. D 39. D
5. C 10.D 15. A 20. B 25. B 30. A 35. D 40. B

ANSWERS FOR BIOLOGY PAPER 1 – 2020 G.C.E

1. B 6. D 11. B 16. D 21. C 26. A 31. C 36. B

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2. C 7. B 12. A 17. B 22. A 27. B 32. B 37. A

3. A 8. B 13. C 18. A 23. C 28. D 33. C 38. D
4. A 9. C 14. A 19. C 24. D 29. C 34. B 39. B
5. B 10.D 15. A 20. A 25. A 30. D 35. A 40. B

ANSWERS FOR BIOLOGY PAPER 1 – 2021 G.C.E

1. A 6. C 11.B 16.A 21.D 26.D 31. C 36.B
2. B 7. C 12.C 17.B 22.B 27.C 32.B 37.C
3. D 8. C 13.C 18.B 23.D 28.A 33.C 38.B
4. C 9. A 14.A 19.C 24.A 29.C 34.B 39.A
5. D 10.B 15.B 20.D 25.B 30.D 35.A 40.C

ANSWERS FOR BIOLOGY PAPER 1 – 2022 G.C.E

1. D 6. B 11. C 16. C 21. A 26. B 31. D 36. C
2. A 7. A 12. A 17. C 22. B 27. B 32. A 37. B
3. B 8. B 13. B 18. A 23. A 28. D 33. D 38. D
4. A 9. D 14. D 19. A 24. C 29. B 34. A 39. A
5. A 10. D 15. A 20. D 25. A 30. C 35. D 40. B

ANSWERS FOR BIOLOGY PAPER 1 – 2023 G.C.E

1. D 6. B 11.B 16.D 21.A 26.D 31.A 36.B

2. C 7. C 12.D 17.C 22.B 27.A 32.A 37.D
3. C 8. A 13.A 18.C 23.A 28.A 33.D 38.A
4. C 9. C 14.D 19.C 24.A 29.C 34.C 39.C
5. B 10.B 15.D 20.B 25.A 30.B 35.B 40.B

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