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Back Titration - Antacid-1 CAPE Unit 2

The experiment aimed to determine the mass of calcium carbonate in an antacid tablet using back titration. The results indicated that the mass of calcium carbonate in the tablet was 423.54 mg, which is close to the manufacturer's claim of 500 mg. Potential errors in the experiment could have affected the accuracy of the results, such as fluctuations in electronic weight due to drafts.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views7 pages

Back Titration - Antacid-1 CAPE Unit 2

The experiment aimed to determine the mass of calcium carbonate in an antacid tablet using back titration. The results indicated that the mass of calcium carbonate in the tablet was 423.54 mg, which is close to the manufacturer's claim of 500 mg. Potential errors in the experiment could have affected the accuracy of the results, such as fluctuations in electronic weight due to drafts.

Uploaded by

Jessica Cummings
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT NUMBER: ……………………..

DATE: ……………

ANALYSIS OF ACID INDIGESTION TABLETS

INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this experiment is to find the mass of calcium carbonate in one antacid tablet. You will do this
by a back titration. Back titrations are used for reactions between acids and insoluble bases. The insoluble
base is reacted with a known amount of excess acid and then the amount of left over acid is measured by
titration with sodium hydroxide solution.
In order to be confident in the results of the experiment, the concentrations of the sodium hydroxide and
hydrochloric acid must be known accurately. You will use anhydrous sodium carbonate to standardise the
hydrochloric acid used in the reaction.

BACKGROUND:
1. Write the balanced equations for the reactions taking place.

Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl (aq)→ 2NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)

CaCO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

2. Explain why sulfuric acid cannot be used in the reaction.

3. Calculate the mass of anhydrous sodium carbonate needed to produce 250 cm3 of a 0.250 moldm–3

solution. Show your working.

Volume → Moles
1000cm3 of Na2CO3 has 0.250 moles
250cm3 of Na2CO3 has x moles
x = (250x0.250)/1000
x = 6.25x10-2 moles of Na2CO3
Molar Mass of Na2CO3 → (23x2)+12+(16x3)

→ 106g

Mole → Mass
1 mole of Na2CO3 has a mass of 106g
6.25x10-2 moles of Na2CO3 has a mass of x
x = (6.25 x 10-2) x 106
x = 6.625 g of Na2CO3

MATERIALS:
List the materials and equipment needed for this experiment.

Burette, pipette, volumetric flask , Methyl orange, dropper, funnel, beaker, NaOH , anhydrous
sodium carbonate, burette clamp, Hydrochloric acid, tums tablet and phenolphthalein, electronic
weight.

RISK ASSESSMENT:
Based on the procedure, identify any hazards associated with the experiment.
State how these hazards can be reduced.

Chemical/Apparatus Hazard Risk Precaution


Burette Glass breaking. Glass can cut skin. Ensure the burette is
tightly clamped in the
burette clamp.

Sodium hydroxide Corrosive Can get on skin. Wear protective gloves.


PROCEDURE:
Part I – Standardisation of HCl
1) 25 cm3 of the hydrochloric acid was transferred to a 250 cm3 volumetric flask.
It was made up to the mark.
2) 0.06 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate was weighed out accurately into conical flask
3) 25.0ml of water was added and dissolved carbonate.
4) The anhydrous sodium carbonate was titrated with the diluted acid using methyl orange indicator.
5) Steps 2 and 3 were repeated.
6) The results were recorded using appropriate tables.
Part II - Analysis of Tums tablets
1) Place one antacid tablet in a beaker and add 100 cm3 of the 0.500 moldm-3 acid.
Stir until all of the tablet has reacted.
2) Transfer the mixture to a 250 cm3 volumetric flask and make up to the mark.
3) Titrate 25 cm3 portions using the 0.100 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein as
indicator.
Repeat until concordant results are achieved.

DATA:
Design tables to collect the data
Part I – Standardisation of HCl
Mass of Na2CO3 : 0.06g

Table showing initial volume , final volume and volume used

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Initial Volume(cm3) 2.8 2.2 11.9

Final Volume(cm3) 29.5 28.3 38.7

Volume used(cm3) 26.7 26.1 26.8


Part II - Analysis of Tums tablet

Mass of Beaker: 104.47g


Mass of beaker with tums: 106.92g
Mass of tums: (106.92-104.47) = 2.45g

Table showing initial volume , final volume and volume used

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Initial volume (cm3) 3.30 7.80 2.60

Final volume (cm3) 36.30 41.60 36.50

Volume used (cm3) 33.00 33.80 33.90

ANALYSIS:
− Use your results to calculate the mass of calcium carbonate in the tablet.
− The manufacturer claims that each tablet contains 500 mg of calcium carbonate.
− Use your answer to evaluate the accuracy of the claim.

1. Calculate the mass of calcium carbonate in the tablet.


Na2CO3 → (23x2)+12+(16x3) = 106g
Mass → Moles
1 mol of Na2CO3 has a mass of 106g
x mol of Na2CO3 has a mass of 0.06g
x = (0.06x1)/106
= 5.6604x10-4 moles of Na2CO3

Na2CO3 (aq)+ 2HCl (aq)→ 2NaCl (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O(l)


1 : 2
5.6604x10-4 x
x = (5.6604x10-4 x 2)
x = 1.13208x10-3 moles of HCl

Average volume
(26.7+26.8)/2
=26.75 cm3
Vol → Mol
1000 cm3 of HCl has x moles
26.75 cm3 of HCl has 1.13208x10-3 moles
x = (1000 x 1.13208x10-3)/26.75
x = 4.23207 x 10-2 moles of HCl (original)

Average volume
(33.80+33.90)/2
=33.85 cm3

1000 cm3 of NaOH has 0.100 moles


33.85 cm3 of NaOH has x moles

X = (33.85 x 0.100)/1000
X = 3.385 x 10-3 of NaOH
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
1 : 1
x 3.385 x 10-3
x = 3.385 x 10-3 moles of HCl

Vol → Moles
25 cm3 of HCl has 3.385 x 10-3 moles
250 cm3 of HCl has x moles
x = ( (3.385 x 10-3)x250)/25
x = 3.385 x 10-2 moles of excess HCl

Moles of HCl reacted= 4.23207 x 10-1 - 3.385 x 10-2


= 8.4707 x 10-3 moles of HCl

CaCO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

1 : 2

X 8.4707 x 10-3

X = (8.4707 x 10-3)/2

= 4.2354x 10-3 moles of CaCO3

CaCO3 = 40 + 12 + (16x3) = 100g

Moles → Mass

1 mole of CaCO3 has 100g

4.2354x 10-3 moles CaCO3 has x g

x = 4.2354x 10-3 x 1000

x = 0.42354 g / 423.54 mg of CaCO3


Based on the results , 423.54 mg, the manufacturer's claim would not be far off and can actually be

accurate. Errors could have caused this value to be less.

DISCUSSION:
Questions to guide the discussion and conclusion:
● What could have caused the concentrations and masses to differ from the expected values?
● What assumptions did you make in your analysis?
● How could the experiment have be improved?
Justify your answer with numbers.

The concentration of the original moles of HCl was 4.23207 x 10-2 . After further calculations the excess
was calculated to be 3.385 x 10-2 . We then deduced by subtracting the excess from the original then
using mole ratio with the formula CaCO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) that the
amount of moles of Calcium carbonate that reacted with the HCl was 4.2354x 10-3 moles . This was
converted to mass by multiplying the result by the molar mass of 100g. The mass of calcium carbonate in
the tablet is 423.54 mg. This was close to the value of what the manufacturer claimed in the analysis. This
value may have differed because of random errors in the experiment, for example, a draft causing the
electronic weight to fluctuate in value. This may have caused inaccurate measurements during the
experiment. The assumption is that the manufacturer's claim is accurate. The experiment could have been
improved by ensuring that all the windows were shut and fans turned off to reduce the amount of draft
present.

CONCLUSION: Restate your results

To conclude, the concentration of the original moles of HCl was 4.23207 x 10-2 , the excess was 3.385 x
10-2 and the amount of moles of Calcium carbonate that reacted with the HCl was 4.2354x 10-3 moles.
The mass of calcium carbonate in the tablet is 423.54 mg.

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