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Artificial Intelligence - Overview

Since the invention of computers or machines, their capability to perform various tasks has
continued to increase rapidly. Humans have achieved the power of computer systems in terms
of their diverse working domains, their increasing speed, and reducing size with respect to time.
A branch of computer science named Artificial Intelligence is to build machines or computers
that are as intelligent as people.

What is Artificial Intelligence?

y that allows systems to replicate human behavior and
Artificial intelligence is the technolog

thoughts. At its core, AI uses algorithms to train datasets that will generate AI models that let

computer systems perform tasks like recommending songs, googling route directions, or
providing text translations between two languages. A few examples of AI are ChatGPT, Google
Translate, Tesla, Netflix, and many more.

According to the father of artificial intelligence, John McCarthy, it is “ The science

and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer
programs.”.

History of AI
Artificial Intelligence has evolved since its inception in the mid-20th century. Initially, AI focused
on automating simple tasks, and with advancements in machine learning and deep learning, it
made significant improvements in understanding and processing data. Today, AI influences
various fields, including healthcare, finance, and automobiles. Some of the key milestones in
the history of AI are −

Year Milestone

Karel Čapek play named “Rossum's Universal Robots” (RUR) opens in London, first
1923
use of the word "robot" in English.

John McCarth y, a professor at Dartmouth College coined the term "Artificial

1956
Intelligence".

Joseph Weizenbaum created ELIZA, that used natural language processing to make
1966
conversations with humans.

1997 Deep Blue was the first program to beat a human chess champion, Gray Kasparov.
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x
Ale Net is a convolution neural network (CNN) architecture that was designed by
2012
Alex Krizhevsky.

OpenAI started beta testing GPT-3, a model that uses deep learning to create code,
2020
content, and other creative tasks.

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Goals of AI
The potential of AI is basically to mimic human skills and traits and apply them to machines.
While the main objective of AI is to create a core technology that is able to allow computer
systems to process intelligently and independently. Below are the essential goals of AI −

To Create Expert Systems

To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines

To Develop Problem-Solving Ability

To Allow Continuous Learning

To Encourage Social Intelligence and Creativity

What Contributes to AI?

AI is a field that combines various scientific and technological disciplines, which include
Computer Science, Biology, Psychology, Linguistics, Mathematics, and Engineering. The main

objective of AI is to develop computer programs that can perform tasks with reasoning,
learning, and solving problems similar to human intelligence.
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AI Programming vs. Traditional Coding

Below is the difference between AI programming and traditional coding −

AI Programming Traditional Coding

Can handle only well-defined, predictable

Can deal with complex, undefined problems.
problems.

Uses data-driven methods and algorithms. Relies on explicit logic and rules.

Produces models that make predictions or

Generates specific functional software
decisions.

Utilizes frameworks and libraries like

Commonly uses languages like Python, Java.
TensorFlow, PyTorch.

Involves validation of model accuracy. Focuses on debugging and unit testing.

Models learn patterns from data. Programs execute pre-defined instructions.

What is an AI Technique?
AI techniques refer to methods and algorithms that are used to create smart systems that
perform tasks requiring human-like intelligence. Some of these techniques are Machine
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Learning, Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision and others. These AI techniques use
the knowledge efficiently in such a way that −

It should be perceivable by the people who provide it.

It should be easily modifiable to correct errors.

Elevate the speed of execution of the complex program it is equipped with.

Applications of AI
AI has been dominant in the following fields −

Gaming − AI plays a crucial role in strategic games such as chess , poker , tic -tac-toe,
etc., where machine can think of large number of possible positions based on heuristic
knowledge.

Natural Language Processing − It enables machines to interact with humans in natural

language.

x y
E pert S stems − It is an AI based software that enables decision-making ability similar
to a human expert.

Computer Vision − These systems understand, interpret, and comprehend visual input
on the computer.

Speech Recognition − Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and

comprehending the language in terms of sentences and their meanings while a human
talks to it. It can handle different accents, slang words, noise in the background, change
in human’s noise due to cold, etc.

Handwriting Recognition − The handwriting recognition software reads the text written
on paper by a pen or on screen by a stylus. It can recognize the shapes of the letters
and convert it into editable text.
Intelligent Robots − Robots are able to perform the tasks given by a human. They have
sensors to detect physical data from the real world such as temperature, movement,
and sound. They have efficient processors, and huge memory, to exhibit intelligence. In
addition, they are capable of learning from their mistakes and they can adapt to new
environment.

Challenges in AI
The main challenges in implementing AI includes −

Data Qualit y and Accessibility − AI requires large, high-quality, and relevant datasets for
effective learning.
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Technical x E pertise − Implementing AI algorithms and models requires skilled

professionals.
Ethical and Legal Concerns − It is important to make sure that the AI systems are fair,
unbiased, and don't harm anyone's safety.

Integration − Integrating AI with existing systems can be complex.

Cost − Developing and maintaining of AI infrastructure can be expensive.

Future of AI
As technology advances, we could witness greater integration of AI into our lives, and a more
interactive relationship between humans and AI. Along with technology advancement is the
need for ethical and privacy considerations including bias, privacy, and job displacement to
help ensure that AI is beneficial to society as a whole.

The four key trends that define the future of AI include −

Rise of Multimodal
Emergence of Agentic platforms for AI Deployment

Optimization of AI's performance

Democratize AI Access.

Some of the other notable AI technologies that are going to shape various industries in the near
future are rapid development of Generative AI and highlighting its transformative impact on
various various industries.