All questions are compulsory.

Marks [1x10= 10]

1 point
The belief that psychological phenomena cannot be reduced to simple elements but must be
studied in their entirety is central to the school known as:
Structuralism.
Gestalt psychology.
Functionalism.
Behaviorism
1 point
Wilhelm Wundt and his students used a technique known as _________ to study mental states.
behaviorism
intensity measurement
componentialism
introspection
1 point
The term “limited capacity processors” suggests that:
computers have limited memory storage.
human beings can only do so many things at once.
neurons can only fire at a certain rate.
processing in the brain occurs in parallel
1 point
Which psychologist extensively tested his own memory to develop theories of cognition?
Aristotle
Wundt
Ebbinghaus
Chomsky
1 point
The ______ is a method of gaining knowledge in a field that relies on observations of phenomena and
allows for tests of hypotheses about these phenomena.
representationalist approach
biological perspective
scientific method
embodied cognition approach
1 point
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cognitive process?
attention
perception
reflex
recognition
1 point
One difference between functionalism and structuralism was that:
functionalists emphasized laboratory experimentation more than structuralists.
functionalists wanted to study whole organisms in real-life tasks.
structuralists drew more heavily on Darwinian theory.
structuralists were more interested in habit formation.
1 point
Cognitive psychologists who focus on the role of consciousness in human thought processes want to know
how much ______ we have in our behaviors.
repetitiveness
social dysfunction
ability
conscious choice
1 point
The _______________ was a rejection of the prevailing assumption that mental events were beyond the
realm of scientific study.
cognitive revolution
behaviorist rebellion
human factors movement
psychodynamic theory
1 point
The idea of natural selection is central to which paradigm?
information processing
connectionist
evolutionary
Developmental

Assignment 2
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-02-07, 23:59 IST.

Assignment submitted on 2024-01-26, 23:36 IST

All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]

1 point
Which of the following represents a good example of a proximal stimulus?
a book on a shelf
a tree in your yard
a building on the horizon
the retinal image formed by a tree

Subjective contours are thought to:

be the result of simplifying a complex display.
occur only with the perceiver’s awareness of the process.
require no active participation on the perceiver’s part.
require both awareness and active participation.
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
1 point
A stencil provides a good analogy for the theory of:
prototype matching.
template matching.
good continuation.
featural analysis.
1 point
When we use knowledge of objects to aid in our perception of them, we are using ______.
the “where” pathway
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
sensations
1 point
You come home, and your house is a mess. The garbage is spilled all over the kitchen, there are rolls of
toilet paper strewn about, and all of your decorative trinkets are broken on the floor, but nothing is missing.
Your dog and cat are sitting calmly in the middle of the mess. According to the principle of Pragnanz, what
would you assume caused the mess?
an earthquake
a robber
your cat and dog
your neighbor’s child
1 point
When making a decision, we are likely to weigh all of the possible choices we could make. This is most
similar to the concept of ______ in perception.
top-down processing
closure
proximity
affordances
1 point
__________ are to visual perception what phonemes are to language, according to Biederman.
Receptors
Retinas
Distal stimuli
Geons
1 point
In David Marr’s model of vision, which stage of the process incorporates primarily bottom-up knowledge?
the primal sketch
the 2 ½ D sketch
the 3-D sketch
both the primal sketch and the 2 ½ D sketch
1 point
Which of the following explains the phenomenon of reversible images the best
figure-ground organization.
size constancy.
dimensionality.
retinal imagery.
1 point
The meaningful interpretation of a proximal stimulus is called the:
percept.
sensation.
distal stimulus.
illusion.

Assignment 3
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-02-14, 23:59 IST.
Assignment submitted on 2024-02-14, 23:11 IST
All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]

1 point
Which of the following is an analogy used to describe attention?
a filter of information
a key fitting into a lock
a light that turns on and off repeatedly
a barrier that separates the features of the environment
1 point
Treisman’s feature integration theory argues that:
we perceive objects in two distinct stages.
we can only process one piece of information at a time.
we have a flexible capacity for processing information.
controlled processes do not interfere with each other the way automatic processes do
1 point
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the allocation of mental resources in Kahneman’s
capacity model?
the state of arousal
the difficulty of the task
enduring dispositions
the lateness of selection
1 point
Stroop interference lessens when:
participants are better readers.
participants are given more practice at naming colors.
participants are girls rather than boys.
participants are encouraged to focus carefully.
1 point
Which of the following is true regarding controlled processing?
It is used with routine or familiar tasks.
It usually operates in parallel.
It requires attention.
It is unaffected by massive amounts of practice

1 point
According to the attention hypothesis of automatization,
attention is needed during the practice phase of a task.
attention determines what gets learned during practice.
attention determines what will be remembered from the practice.
attention is needed during practice, and determines both what is learned during practice and what will be
remembered from the practice
1 point
The “cocktail party effect” refers to the fact that shadowing performance is disrupted when _______ is
embedded in the unattended message.
backward speech
the listener’s name
a section of repeated words
music
1 point
Noticing a red flower among a field of purple flowers illustrates ______.
 the attention capture phenomenon
the cocktail party effect
the bottleneck of attention
a shadowing task
1 point
According to ____ theory, we never actually acquire unattended material at all.
schema
bottleneck
attenuation
filter
1 point
Which of the following is a characteristic of an automatic process?
It only occurs intentionally.
It gives rise to conscious awareness.
It does not interfere with other activities.
It does not operate in parallel.
.

Assignment 4
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-02-21, 23:59 IST.

Assignment submitted on 2024-02-14, 23:14 IST

All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]
1 point
The calling to mind of previously stored information is known as:
retrieval
encoding
storage
forgetting
1 point
Information is held in _____ for 20 to 30 seconds.
sensory memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
secondary memory
1 point
In Waugh and Norman's probe digit task,
faster presentation rates improved performance.
faster presentation rates decreased performance.
presentation rate had no effect on performance.
only rates slower than 3-second intervals decreased performance.
1 point
Some experts describe memory as a ______, while others believe it is a ______.
secret; journey
checklist; blueprint
structure; process
ball of string; pool of water
1 point
You recently bought a new phone and had to change your number. However, your old phone number
keeps interfering with your ability to remember your new one. This is an example of ______.
retroactive interference
proactive interference
executive retrieval
overactive retrieval
Sternberg’s classic work on searching for information from short-term memory indicated that the search
process is:
serial.
self-terminating.
exhaustive.
both serial and exhaustive.
1 point
Higher working memory capacity means that an individual:
is more susceptible to interference.
has quicker reaction times in identifying target letters.
is better able to control his/her cognitive focus.
has lower ability to reason from premises
1 point
Information in short-term memory is assumed to be coded primarily by:
sound.
meaning.
visual appearance.
both sound and meaning
1 point
Unattended information is stored briefly in:
sensory memory.
short-term memory.
long-term memory.
working memory
1 point
Repeating a phone number to yourself to hold it in memory while you dial it would use which component of
working memory?
the visuospatial sketchpad
the phonological loop
the episodic buffer
both the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop

Assignment 5
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-02-28, 23:59 IST.

Assignment submitted on 2024-02-27, 20:13 IST

All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]
1 point
Psychologists believe that the capacity of long-term memory is:
unlimited.
7 + 2 items.
18 items.
5000 items.
1 point
Learning a rhyme that begins “One is a bun, two is a shoe” is part of the mnemonic technique called the:
method of loci.
technique of interacting images.
keyword method.
1 point
A retrieval cue will be effective if and only if it reinstates the context of the to-be-remembered event,
according to the principle of:
levels of processing.
mnemonic learning.
encoding specificity.
1 point
“A natural process that occurs when information is unable to be retrieved from memory” is the definition of
______.
cognition
remembering
forgetting
storage
1 point
You met an attractive person at a party last Friday, when you were a bit tipsy from too many beers. The
next morning you could no longer remember that person’s name and phone number. Saturday night you
went to another party and drank a few more beers, and suddenly you were able to remember the name
again. Which principle best explains your retrieval processes?
the spacing effect
chunking
state-dependent learning
the context effect
1 point
Your memory of your first college lecture would be an example of:
semantic memory.
episodic memory.
implicit memory.
working memory.
1 point
Bartlett’s research on the retelling of stories shows that over time, the same person’s recall:
is remarkably consistent.
actually improves.
becomes more distorted.
loses a few details but retains most accurately
1 point
After you have memorized a list of words, you are most likely to demonstrate ______ if you are tested on
the list the next day.
decay of your ability to recall
the recency effect
the primacy effect
strongest recall of the middle of the list
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
the primacy effect
1 point
Retroactive interference occurs when ____ information interferes with _____ information in memory.
old; new
new; old
vivid; dull
visual; auditory
1 point
Coding of information in long-term memory is based on:
sound.
visual imagery.
meaning.
both sound and visual imagery

Assignment 6
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-03-06, 23:59 IST.

Assignment submitted on 2024-02-27, 20:14 IST

All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]
1 point
According to the notion of cognitive economy, a characteristic like “has wings” would be stored along with
which of the following semantic memory nodes?
bird
ostrich
robin
hummingbird
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
bird
1 point
According to the typicality effect, the statement “A dog is a household pet” should be verified:
faster than “A poodle is a household pet.”
faster than “A dog is a living thing.”
faster than “A ferret is a household pet.”
faster than “A dog is an animal.”

Yes, the answer is correct.

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
faster than “A ferret is a household pet.”
1 point
The prototype of a category is a(n) ______ of the important features of its members.
discussion
detailed list
weighted average
exemplar
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
weighted average
1 point
Collins and Loftus created a revised semantic network model to ______.
violate the transitive inheritance of properties
give each connection between concepts the same weight
try to account for typicality effects
show that people do not use hierarchies when organizing concepts
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
try to account for typicality effects
1 point
Studies of semantic memory have shown that in a lexical decision task, people are faster at responding to
the stimulus “bread” if it is paired with a stimulus such as:
“rencle.”
“dog.”
“island.”
“butter.”
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
“butter.”
1 point
The word superiority effect is related to the idea of:
cognitive economy.
schemata.
typicality.
spreading activation
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
spreading activation
1 point
A ________ is a mental representation of some object, event, or pattern.
category
concept
script
Memory
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
concept
1 point
You might have a “script” for:
what a classroom looks like.
what a “pet” is
what a “cat” is.
what happens when you go to the barber/hairstylist
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
what happens when you go to the barber/hairstylist
1 point
ACT models distinguish among three types of memory systems:
working memory, episodic memory, and declarative memory
semantic memory, episodic memory, and procedural memory
procedural memory, declarative memory, and semantic memory
working memory, declarative memory, and procedural memory
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
working memory, declarative memory, and procedural memory
1 point
Rumelhart and Ortony viewed ____ as the fundamental building blocks of cognition.
ideas
concepts
schemata
chunks
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
schemata

Assignment 7
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-03-13, 23:59 IST.

Assignment submitted on 2024-03-10, 18:38 IST

All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]
1 point
According to the ______ view of concepts, people categorize new instances by comparing them to
representations of previously stored instances.
classical
prototype
exemplar
schema
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
exemplar
1 point
Implicit learning is also known as:
analytic concept formation.
nonanalytic concept formation.
knowledge-based concept formation.
nominal-kind learning.
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
nonanalytic concept formation.
1 point
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the classical view of concepts?
It proposes that concepts are mentally represented by lists of features.
It assumes that membership in a category is clear-cut.
It accurately predicts the typicality effect.
“Necessary” and “sufficient” features play an important role in the theory.
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
It accurately predicts the typicality effect.
1 point
Which of the following poses a problem for the prototype view of concepts?
an inability to explain the typicality effect
an inability to explain why people have a hard time providing strict definitions of their concepts
an inability to explain why some classifications are easy to make and others are unclear
an inability to explain why the typicality of a particular instance can depend upon context
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
an inability to explain why the typicality of a particular instance can depend upon context
1 point
Which of the following factors does NOT encourage a person to store information about particular
exemplars, according to Brooks?
The task requires one to learn information that distinguishes between individual instances.
The relevant dimensions of the stimuli are not obvious.
Instances can belong to many categories simultaneously.
We know in advance how we will be called upon to use our newly acquired information later.
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
We know in advance how we will be called upon to use our newly acquired information later.
1 point
The _____ view of concepts argues that concepts include representations of at least some individual
instances and not only abstract summaries.
prototype
exemplar
schemata
both exemplar and schemata
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
both exemplar and schemata
1 point
The schema view of concept formation assumes that:
there are clear boundaries among individual schemata.
there is cognitive economy among concepts.
information is abstracted across instances.
no information is stored about actual instances
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
information is abstracted across instances.
1 point
The ______ view of concepts argues that a person uses his/her theories about the way the world works to
justify the classification of instances in the same category.
classical
prototype
schema
knowledge-based
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
knowledge-based
1 point
Characteristic features” and “family resemblance” are important aspects of the _________ view of
concepts.
classical
prototype
exemplar
Schema
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
prototype
1 point
Which of the following is a good example of a superordinate level of categorization?
Fruit
Banana
Fuji apple
Golden Delicious apple
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Fruit

Assignment 8
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-03-20, 23:59 IST.

Assignment submitted on 2024-03-10, 18:39 IST

All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]
1 point
Several mnemonic devices, including the method of loci, the pegword method, and the method of
interacting images, have in common their reliance on:
verbal rehearsal
creating a story
visual imagery
connecting new information to well-known information
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
visual imagery
1 point
Finke’s principle of _____ states that mental imagery allows us to retrieve information that was not
intentionally stored.
perceptual equivalence
transformational equivalence
implicit encoding
structural encoding
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
implicit encoding
1 point
How would you create an accurate, detailed mental picture of a place you had never been?
Read about the place and look at pictures of it.
Invent sounds and sensations that might happen there.
Create a mental picture of a similar familiar place and alter details.
It is not possible to do this.
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Read about the place and look at pictures of it.
1 point
The idea that information is represented non-spatially in the mind is called a(n) ______.
propositional representation
spatial representation
metacognitive hallucination
auditory image
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
propositional representation
1 point
What is the theory of dual coding?
the idea that the mind stores words in two ways rather than one
the idea that the mind stores pictures in two ways rather than one
a suggestion that reading a word forward and backward cements it in memory
a suggestion that bilingual and multilingual people have better memories
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
the idea that the mind stores pictures in two ways rather than one
1 point
Images can prime the visual pathway, making it easier to detect a faint stimulus. This is an example of:
perceptual equivalence
spatial equivalence
structural equivalence
transformational equivalence
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
perceptual equivalence
1 point
When an experimenter gives subtle cues to participants about how to behave, we say that a(n) ______ has
occurred.
experimenter-expectancy effect
double-blind design
implicit error
external validity
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
experimenter-expectancy effect
1 point
According to the symbolic distance effect, which of the following questions would be answered most
quickly?
Which is bigger, a mouse or a house?
Which is bigger, a mouse or a rat?
Which is bigger, a house or a store?
Which is bigger, a rat or a cat?
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Which is bigger, a mouse or a house?
1 point
The relational-organizational hypothesis is supported by:
the effectiveness of the method of loci
the fact that concrete words are recalled better than abstract words
the fact that noninteractive images do not facilitate recall whereas interactive images do facilitate recall
the effectiveness of the pegword method
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
the fact that noninteractive images do not facilitate recall whereas interactive images do facilitate recall
1 point
How do people represent and navigate in and through space? This is a question of
navigational cognition
representational cognition
spatial cognition
visual cognition
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
spatial cognition

Assignment 9
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
 Due on 2024-03-27, 23:59 IST.

Assignment submitted on 2024-03-27, 23:25 IST

All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]
1 point
When you are having a conversation with someone, you often do not stop between words to emphasize
that you are saying distinct words. This is known as ______.
specialization
coarticulation
functionalism
lateralization

Yes, the answer is correct.

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
coarticulation
1 point
Did she say “many” or “men knee”? This type of ambiguity is referred to as:
phonetic
lexical
syntactic
semantic
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
phonetic
1 point
“Have you seen my cell phone?” “I watched a great movie tonight.” The second speaker is violating Grice’s
maxim of:
quantity
quality
relation
manner
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
relation
1 point
Infinite combinations of ideas can be expressed in language. In other words, language is:
regular
interpersonal
productive
referential
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
productive
1 point
According to most experts in the field, what is the primary purpose of language?
control
communication
identification
isolation
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
communication
1 point
Meaning is to ______ as grammar is to ______.
semantics; pragmatics
phonology; syntax
syntax; semantics
semantics; syntax
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
semantics; syntax
1 point
Which of the following is/are generally agreed upon as necessary criteria/criterion for claiming that a
communication system is a language?
regularity
productivity
referentiality
both regularity and productivity
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
both regularity and productivity
1 point
“I saw a bat in the corner.” Does bat refer to a baseball bat, or a flying mammal? This confusion illustrates
a problem of:
ambiguity
anomaly
synonymy
self-contradiction
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
ambiguity
1 point
“Have the missionaries eaten?” Is this a question spoken by the bishop, or an order given by the cannibal
chief? This type of ambiguity is referred to as:
phonetic
syntactic
lexical
anomalous
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
syntactic
1 point
The sentence “A tuna sandwich can drive a car” is an example of:
a self-contradiction
ambiguity
an anomaly
synonymy

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
an anomaly

Assignment 10
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-04-03, 23:59 IST.

Assignment submitted on 2024-03-27, 23:26 IST

All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]

1 point
Functional ______ is focusing on how things are usually used, while ignoring other potential uses.
stubbornness
fixedness
fixation
use
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
fixedness
1 point
The tumor problem and the story of the general were used in research on:
working backward
reasoning by analogy
means-end analysis
backtracking
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
reasoning by analogy
1 point
The General Problem Solver (GPS) is a computer program that solves problems in crypt arithmetic and
logic using:
means-end analysis
generate-and-test
reasoning by analogy
Introspection
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
means-end analysis
1 point
________ thinking begins with a clear starting point and has a specific goal.
Focused
Unfocused
Intelligent
Puzzled
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Focused
1 point
A problem is ______.
when you do not have experience with a situation
when a situation is not as you expected it to be
a situation in which another person disagrees with your position
a situation in which there is a difference between a current state and a desired goal state
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
a situation in which there is a difference between a current state and a desired goal state
1 point
______ are problems that have a clearly defined goal state and constraints, whereas ______ are problems
that lack a clearly defined goal state and constraints.
well-defined; ill-defined
ill-defined; well-defined
concrete; abstract
abstract; concrete
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
well-defined; ill-defined
1 point
_____ is defined as “going beyond the information given.”
Problem-solving
Reasoning
Decision making
Thinking
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Thinking
1 point
A tendency to adopt a certain framework, strategy, or procedure, which can become an obstacle to
successful problem solving, is called:
mental set
functional fixedness
well-defined thinking
ill-defined thinking
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
mental set
1 point
________ involves appropriate novelty in generating solutions.
Intelligence
Bizarre thinking
Creativity
Mental disorder
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Creativity
1 point
When you walk away from a difficult problem and do something else for a while, then come back and solve
the problem successfully, you have experienced the:
incubation effect
mental-set effect
unconscious-processing effect
problem-space effect
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
incubation effect

Assignment 11
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-04-10, 23:59 IST.

Assignment submitted on 2024-04-10, 21:29 IST

All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]
1 point
Deductive reasoning involves which of the following?
going from general to specific statements
conclusions that add new information to what is given

going from specific to general statements

going from specific to specific statements
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
going from general to specific statements
1 point
The tendency to seek out information that supports our current beliefs is called:
a believability effect
a content effect
a confirmation bias
syllogistic reasoning
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
a confirmation bias
1 point
______ is a process by which a conclusion follows necessarily from a series of premises.
Conditional reasoning
Syllogistic reasoning
Heuristic reasoning
Causal reasoning
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Syllogistic reasoning
1 point
______ processes are largely automatic, rapid, and unconscious as ______ processes are controlled,
slow, and conscious.
System 1; system 2

System 2; system 1
Analytic; heuristic
Rational; intuitive
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
System 1; system 2

1 point
______ reasoning concerns making and evaluating arguments from general information to specific
information, while ______ reasoning concerns making and evaluating arguments from specific information
to general information.
Inductive; deductive
Conditional; deductive

Conditional; inductive
Deductive; inductive
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Deductive; inductive
1 point
Forrest Gump’s famous quote, “Life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you’re going to get,”
is an example of ______.
surface approaches
category induction
causal reasoning
analogical reasoning
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
analogical reasoning
1 point
In completing Wason’s four-card task, participants usually:
turn over the two cards that are necessary and sufficient to test the rule
turn over all four cards, when only two would have been sufficient

turn over all four cards, when only one would have been sufficient
show understanding of modus ponens but neglect modus tollens
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
show understanding of modus ponens but neglect modus tollens
1 point
Which of the following is a difference between everyday reasoning and formal reasoning?
In everyday reasoning, all premises are usually supplied
In everyday reasoning, there is typically one correct answer
In everyday reasoning, problems are solved as a means of achieving other goals
In formal reasoning, problems are not self-contained
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
In everyday reasoning, problems are solved as a means of achieving other goals
1 point
People overestimate the frequency of words beginning with the letter L, as compared to words that have L
as the third letter, because of the heuristic of:
availability
representativeness
anchor and adjust
hindsight
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
availability
1 point
When people interpret premises,
they often make unwarranted assumptions
they often fail to consider all possible interpretations of a premise
they perform very well if given enough practice
they often make unwarranted assumptions and fail to consider all possible interpretations of a premise
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
they often make unwarranted assumptions and fail to consider all possible interpretations of a premise

Assignment 12
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-04-17, 23:59 IST.

Assignment submitted on 2024-04-10, 21:30 IST

All questions are compulsory.
Marks [1x10= 10]

1 point
Normative models of decision making describe:
how we ought to make decisions in realistic circumstances
ideal performance under ideal circumstances
what people actually do when they make decisions
cognitive illusions
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
ideal performance under ideal circumstances
1 point
The ideal model of decision making involves ______.
discussing options with peers
ranking criteria in terms of their importance
following your instinct
deciding only when the outcome is certain
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
ranking criteria in terms of their importance
1 point
Expected utility theory is usually regarded as a ________ model of decision making.
descriptive
prescriptive

normative
both descriptive and prescriptive
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
normative
1 point
_____ is a normative model for integrating different dimensions and goals of a complex decision.
Expected value
Expected utility
MAUT
Framing
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
MAUT
1 point
The phase of decision making that involves finding a way to organize information is called:
planning
structuring the decision
evaluating
goal setting
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
structuring the decision
1 point
You have just spent 10 minutes trying to figure out the answer to a single problem on your math quiz. In
spite of your lack of success, you continue to struggle, neglecting to continue on to other problems because
you’ve already invested so much time and effort in this problem. You have fallen victim to:
the sunk cost effect
a framing effect
the anchor effect
availability bias
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
the sunk cost effect
1 point
Changing the description of a decision can cause us to change our reference points, leading to illogical
preferences. This phenomenon is referred to as:
hindsight bias
the gambler’s fallacy
availability
framing
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
framing
1 point
The mental activities that take place in choosing among alternatives are collectively called:
problem solving
deductive reasoning

decision making
rational thought
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
decision making
1 point
Which of the following step is involved in Multiattribute Utility Theory?
Break the decision down into its important dimensions
List all of the alternatives

Multiply each ranking by the appropriate weight

All of the above
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
All of the above
1 point
Participants in a decision-making study in which they had to decide among 6 or 12 apartments often
eliminated some alternatives on the basis of one or two dimensions. This is an example of the strategy
called:
MAUT
normative behavior
EU
elimination by aspects
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
elimination by aspects