Scribd
Upload
9 views9 pages

Lesson 4 - DC - Circuits - Part1

This document covers the analysis of direct current circuits with resistors in series and parallel configurations, applying Ohm's Law to determine voltage, current, and resistance. It explains the characteristics of series and parallel resistors, including how to calculate total resistance and current in each configuration. Additionally, it provides guidance on reading resistor color codes to determine resistance values.

Uploaded by

Mark James Layson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views9 pages

Lesson 4 - DC - Circuits - Part1

This document covers the analysis of direct current circuits with resistors in series and parallel configurations, applying Ohm's Law to determine voltage, current, and resistance. It explains the characteristics of series and parallel resistors, including how to calculate total resistance and current in each configuration. Additionally, it provides guidance on reading resistor color codes to determine resistance values.

Uploaded by

Mark James Layson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

03/04/2025

Lesson 4:
Direct
Current
Circuits
PA R T 1 : S E R I E S & PA R A L L E L
R E I S TO R S

Objectives
•Analyze circuits with resistors connected in series and
parallel, applying Ohm’s Law to determine voltage,
current, and resistance.
•Decode actual resistors using Resistor color coding

1
03/04/2025

Series and Parallel Resistors


Ohm’s Law - Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly
proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and
temperatures remain constant.

Mathematically, this current-voltage relationship is written as,

Series and Parallel Resistors


The equivalent resistance of a combination of resistors
depends on both their individual values and how they are
connected. The simplest combinations of resistors are series
and parallel connections a series circuit, the output current of
the first resistor flows into the input of the second resistor;
therefore, the current is the same in each resistor. In a parallel
circuit, all of the resistor leads on one side of the resistors are
connected together and all the leads on the other side are
connected together. In the case of a parallel configuration,
each resistor has the same potential drop across it, and the
currents through each resistor may be different, depending on
the resistor. The sum of the individual currents equals the
current that flows into the parallel connections.

2
03/04/2025

Series and Parallel Resistors

Series Resistors
Resistors are said to be in
series whenever the current
flows through the resistors
sequentially.
(a) Three resistors connected in
series to a voltage source. (b)
The original circuit is reduced to
an equivalent resistance and a
voltage source.

3
03/04/2025

Series Resistors
Resistors are said to be in
series whenever the current
flows through the resistors
sequentially.
(a) Three resistors connected in
series to a voltage source. (b)
The original circuit is reduced to
an equivalent resistance and a
voltage source.

Series Resistors
1. Current (I)

• The same current flows through all resistors in a


series circuit.

• This is because there is only one path for the current


to flow.

IT=I1=I2=I3=IN

4
03/04/2025

Series Resistors
Resistance (R)

• The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of


the individual resistances.

RT=R1+R2+R3+RN…

Series Resistors
Voltage (V)

• The total voltage across the series resistors is the


sum of the individual voltage drops across each
resistor.

• Each resistor shares the total voltage based on its


resistance.

VT=V1+V2+V3+VN….

5
03/04/2025

Parallel Resistors

Resistors are in parallel when one end of all the


resistors are connected by a continuous wire of
negligible resistance and the other end of all the
resistors are also connected to one another
through a continuous wire of
negligible resistance

Parallel Resistors
Current (I)

The total current in a parallel circuit is the sum of


the individual branch currents:

IT=I1+I2+I3+IN…

6
03/04/2025

Parallel Resistors
Resistance (R)

The total resistance in a parallel circuit is less


than any individual resistance. The reciprocal of
the total resistance is the sum of the reciprocals
of the individual resistances:

1
𝑅 =
1 1 1 1
+ + +
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅

Parallel Resistors
The same voltage is applied across all resistors in
a parallel circuit:

𝑉 =𝑉 =𝑉 =𝑉 =𝑉

7
03/04/2025

Resistor Color Coding


We know that a resistor is a two-terminal device and is an important component in
building many electronic devices. The resistor is a component that is used to limit or
regulate the flow of electric current. We commonly see resistors printed with
different colours. It usually contains four bands of colours. To know the value of
resistors, one must know how to calculate the resistance colour code. In this article,
let us learn what is resistance colour code, how to read resistor colour code, and
examples to find resistance colour code.

Resistor Color Coding


How to Read Resistor Colour Code?

To read them, hold the resistor such that the tolerance band is on your right. The
tolerance band is usually gold or silver in colour and is placed a little further away
from the other bands.

Starting from your left, note down all the colours of the bands and write them down
in sequence.

Next, use the table given below to see which digits they represent.

8
03/04/2025

References:
Books:

University Physics 13th Edition - Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman

Websites:

https://byjus.com/physics/ohms-law/#ohms-law-explanation

https://phys.libretexts.org/

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy