TECHNICAL QUESTIONS FOR INTERVIEW-LOGISTICS

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

1. Define Supply Chain Management?

Supply Chain Management is a process defined as “the design, planning, execution,
control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value,
building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing
supply with demand, and measuring performance globally.”

2. Define Logistics?
Logistics is defined as the process of planning, implementing and controlling the
efficient, cost effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished
goods and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the
purpose of conforming to customers’ requirements.

3. What are the Key Components of Porters Value Chain Model?

Primary Activities Comprising of Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound
Logistics, Marketing & Sales, Services.
Support Activities comprising of Procurement, Firm Infrastructure, Technology
Development & Procurement.

4. Briefly Specify 7 R’s of Logistics?

Right Product, Right Quantity, Right Condition, Right Place, Right Time, Right
Customer & Right Price.

5. What are the Objectives of Supply Chain Management?

 To maximize the overall value generated
 To achieve maximum supply chain profitability
 To reduce supply chain costs to the minimum possible

6. What is SCOR?
SCOR has been developed and endorsed by the supply chain council as the cross industry
standard for SCM.
SCOR: Plan – Source – Make – Deliver - Return

7. What are the 8 Wastes of Lean & its Shortform?

Wastes are Generally Known as “DOWNTIME” and they are:
D – Defects, O – Overproduction, W – Waiting, N – Non-Utilized Talent, T –
Transportation, I – Inventory, M – Motion, E – Extra Processing

8. What are the Steps involved in 5S Methodology?

Sort, Straighten or Set In Order, Shine, Standardize & Sustain

9. What do you mean by JIT & what is the inventory Control system used in JIT?
 JIT means Just In Time
 Inventory Control System used in JIT is called KANBAN.

10. What are the Components / Elements in Customer Service?

Pre-Transactional Elements, Transactional Elements, Post Transactional Elements
 11. What is EAN, ERP, WMS, RFID & EDI?
 EAN – European Article Number
 RFID -Radio Frequency Identification
 ERP – Enterprise Resource Planning
 WMS – Warehouse Management System
 EDI – Electronics Data Interchange

12. What are the steps to achieve Lean Sig Sigma?

D - Define, M - Measure, A - Analyse, I - Improve & C – Control

13. What are the components of Lead Time?

Pre-processing Time, Processing Time, Waiting Time, Storage Time,
Transportation Time & Inspection Time

14. What are the different types of Benchmarking?

Data benchmarking, Process benchmarking, Functional benchmarking, Internal
benchmarking, Industry benchmarking, Competitive benchmarking & Best in Class
benchmarking.

15. What are the different types of Supply Chain Costs?

Procurement Costs, Production Costs (Quality & Operations), Distribution Costs &
Inventory Carrying Costs.

16. What is Lean SCM?

A Lean supply chain is a set of organizations directly linked by upstream and
downstream flows of products, services, finances and information that
collaboratively work to reduce cost and waste by efficiently and effectively pulling
what is needed to meet the needs of the individual customer.

WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT

1. What are the important Activities in a Warehouse

Receiving, put-away, Picking, Dispatch, Delivery Inventory control, Team
Management and Safety.
2. What are the roles and responsibilities of warehouse manager
 Strategically manage warehouse in compliance with company’s policies and vision
 Oversee receiving, warehousing, distribution and maintenance operations
 Setup layout and ensure efficient space utilization
 Initiate, coordinate and enforce optimal operational policies and procedures
 Adhere to all warehousing, handling and shipping legislation requirements
 Maintain standards of health and safety, hygiene and security
3. What safety measures do you follow to prevent accidents in the
warehouse?
 Strictly hold to safety guidelines and regulations, such as wearing personal
protective equipment, properly using equipment like forklifts, and following
safe lifting techniques.
 Actively participate in regular safety training sessions and encourage a safety-
first mindset among my colleagues.
4. What are the different types of warehouses?
According to the nature of Goods/Cargo/Consignments, the warehouses can be classified
 mainly in 4 types are given below:
Public warehouse
Private warehouse
Bonded warehouse
Temperature controlled warehouse facility
5. Explain about WMS and AGV?
It is a database-based computer application system, which is used to improve
warehouse efficiency in maintaining the accuracy of inventory data by recording every
transaction in a warehouse. An automated guided vehicle (AGV), portable robot that
follows along marked long lines or wires on the floor, or uses radio waves, vision cameras,
magnets, or lasers for navigation. They're often used for transporting raw materials such as
metal, plastic, rubber or paper.
6. Explain about WMS and AGV?
It is a database-based computer application system, which is used to improve warehouse
efficiency in maintaining the accuracy of inventory data by recording every transaction in
a warehouse. An automated guided vehicle (AGV), portable robot that follows along
marked long lines or wires on the floor, or uses radio waves, vision cameras, magnets, or
lasers for navigation. They're often used for transporting raw materials such as metal,
plastic, rubber or paper.

7. Difference between FIFO, LIFO and FEFO

FIFO – often means that the goods of material that first enters the warehouse must be the
first to exit.
LIFO – Items that where last time ended must come out first.
FEFO – First Expired First Out – The fastest expired items must first come out.
8. Expand RFID.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).
9. What are the types of MHE?
Forklifts like CB truck, VNA truck, Reach truck, AGV and ASRS, hand pallet trucks, etc.
10. What is lead time?
Lead Time (LT) - the time elapsed between the receipt of an order or request to the time
that order or request is fulfilled.
11. What is Proof of Delivery (POD)
Evidence that goods or a service has been received, usually signed document by recipient
or their representative.

12. Explain Receiving process.

 Receiving goods into a warehouse is (at least) a three-step process that begins with u
Uunloading, inspecting, and confirming each item on the delivery list; followed by
stocking them in their designated locations; and finally, completing the receiving
documentation.

INVENTORY MANGEMENT
1) What is Inventory Management?
Inventory management is the process of ordering, handling, storing, and using a
company’s non-capitalized assets. For some businesses, this involves raw materials
and components, while others may only deal with finished stock items ready for sale.

2) What is EOQ(Economic order quantity)

It is a cost effective balance between the two basic costs of inventory, i.e. the costs of
holding stock and ordering costs..
EOQ is a formula that helps calculate exactly how much inventory to order.
It takes into account a company’s typical demand, ordering costs and carrying costs to
provide the most economical figure possible

3) what is Safety or buffer stock?

Safety stock is the inventory held against uncertainty in demand and lead times.It is held
to protect the organisation from disruptions in smooth flow of operations.
4) What are stock holding costs?
Capital cost, Lost interest, service costs, Storage costs, Administration costs, risk costs

5) What is pipeline inventory?

Inventory en-route between points in the supply chain or the logistics system is called
pipeline inventory
e.g. inventory being moved from a processing plant to a regional distribution centre.
6) What is ‘Pareto Law’?
80 per cent of the effect is normally provided by 20 per cent of the cause. This approach
used to classify stocks
It is also called 80/20 rule

7) What is Delphi model forecast?

Delphi Model , allows experts to work individually to develop some forecasts and then
share their results with other experts, after which they go back and make modifications
until some consensus is reached.
8) What is VMI(Vendor Managed Inventory)?
Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI): retailers have given responsibilities to manufacturers
and wholesalers to monitor and control stock movement in retailers’ depots.

9) What are the Factors Influencing Facility Location Decisions? Natural resources
Population characteristics Taxes and subsidies Transportation issues Customer
considerations Competitions
10) What is Demand Management?
Demand management is a planning method used to forecast, plan for and manage the
demand for products and services It is essential in terms of effective, cost focused,
inventory considerations

11) What is PLC(Product Life Cycle)?

A product life cycle is the length of time from a product first being introduced to
 consumers until it is removed from the market.
PLC have usually five stages; Product development,introduction, growth, maturity, and
decline

12) What is reorder level?

A reorder level is the point at which businesses order new stock from the supplier.
It is the point at which the company should start a new manufacturing run or place a new
order with the supplier to procure materials.
In simple words it is a level at which purchase order is place.

13) What is casual forecasting techniques?

Casual forecasting is a technique that uses historical data and external factors to predict
future demand. And are models that are modelled as a function of something other than
time.
The method is based on the concept of relationships between variables or the assumption
that one of the measurable variables causes the other to change in a predictable way

17) What is Inventory in a Multi-echelon Supply Chain?

All inventory at the different points of the supply chain is called echelon inventory It
refers to a supplier feeding to retailers who then sell to final customers
The amount of safety stock should be based on the echelon inventories and not local
inventory

18) What is postponement?

It involves a delayed configuration of products and services where components and parts
of that product or service are produced

19) What is decoupling inventory?

Decoupling inventory is the term used when product manufacturers set aside extra raw
materials or work in progress items for all or some stages in a production line, so that a
low- stock situation or breakdown at one stage doesn't slow or stop operations.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
1. What you meant by International business.
IB is the trade of Goods, Services, technology and capital across the national borders.
2. Why do exports important for a country?
It provides and opportunity to earn foreign exchange, which can strengthen the domestic
economy of a country.
3. How to start an international business?
After the preliminary market research, apply with DGFT to get an IE Code to start
international business.
4. What you meant by an MTD Bill of Lading?
MTD Bill of Lading is used when there is more than one transportation involved in
shipment process.
5. What you understand with the term SWB ( Sea Way Bill)
SWB is a shipping document that serves as evidence of a contract of carriage between a
Shipper and Carrier. It is non-negotiable transport document.

6. Why HS code is important in shipping

The Harmonized System (HS) code is a categorization system created and maintained by
World Customs Organization (WCO). Every commodity is tagged to an HS code and is
used in customs to clear the shipment, internationally.
7. What is the role of BRC in shipping
Bank Realisation Certificate also known a e-BRC ( Electronic Bank Realisation
Certificate) issued by the bank to confirm that the exporter received the payment (foreign
exchange) against an export
8. Why do INCOTERMS used in Sea freight/ Air freight
INCOTERMS used to divide all transaction cost and responsibilities between seller and
buyer.
9. Important documents needed in Sea freight / Air Freight both for export and import
clearence.
Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Certificate of Origin, Insurance Certificate, Bill of
Lading, Fumigation Certificate, Phyto Sanitary certificate
10. In which terms the Freight charges of LCL shipment collecting
Freight for LCL is collecting for the volume or Tonnage which ever is higher basis. The
international units accepted is CBM ( Cubic Meter) or MT ( Metric Ton).
11. Who is a freight forwarder?
A Freight Forwarder organizes the shipment for Shipper from the point of origin till the
point of consumption. A forwarder contracts with carrier to move the cargo in different
modes, which is economically viable for the shipper.
12. Explain the role of a consolidator in shipping.
A consolidator combines the individual LCL shipments from various shippers into one
full container shipment. They act as the responsible carrier till the delivery point.
Normally they do have global network to provide seamless service to their clients.
13. How ICD’s helps exporters to carry out their EXIM business.
ICD’s acts as a common facility under the control of Customs authorities to facilitate
the Export/ Import procedures for clients in the inland area of the country. ICD’s are
well connected with Road/Rail transportation for smooth functioning.
14. How VGM is important in shipping.
Verified Gross Mass (VGM) is important to declare the exact gross weight of a container
to increase Maritime safety and reduce the dangers in entire supply chain.
15. How to file import documents with customs.
Importer have to file Bill of Entry (B/E) with customs using the, Commercial Invoice,
Packing list, Bill of Lading, insurance certificate, Phyto sanitary, Fumigation certificate
and any other documents needed to clear the shipment with customs.
16. Explain pricing in Shipping
Now a days for FCL shipments ready rates are available with all major shipping lines in
their website. For LCL, consolidators have to calculate their pricing depending upon
the volume, incentives/rebates they are receiving from their POD agent, and nature of
cargo. Dangerous goods, ODC (odd dimensional cargo) pricing is purely on the
discretion of carriers / Consolidators.
17. Major Ports in India
Kandla, Mundra, Hazira, Pipavav ( Gujarat), JNPT, Mumbai Port ( Maharashtra), New
Mangalore port ( Karnataka), Cochin Port (Kerala) , Tuticorin, Chennai, Ennore (Tamil
Nadu), Visakhapatnam, Krishnapatnam (Andhra ), Paradip (Odisha), Kolkata (West
Bengal)
 MS OFFICE
1. Which application software is used widely in Warehouses for Data storage and
Data management operations?
(Ans: Micro Soft Excel)
2. What are the basic functions of MS Excel?
(Ans: sum(), average(), count(), max() and min())
3. Which function is used to count the numbers or values in a specified range?
(Ans: Count()
4. Which option is used to prepare a summary report?
(Ans: Pivot Table)
5. What is the shortcut to select a row?
(Ans: Shift + Space)
6. What is the shortcut to insert a row? (Ans: Ctrl +)
7. Which option is used to copy-paste only the format of a cell to another cell(s)?
(Ans: Format painter)
8. What is the shortcut to cancel the previous action?
(Ans: Ctrl + Z)
9. What is the shortcut to add a work sheet? (Ans: Shift + F11)
10. Specify the option used to prepare a comparison report using a given list or table?
(Ans: Pivot table / Chart)
11. What are the different types of data in a Warehouse can be stored in an Excel file?
(Ans: Stock Details, Purchase Details, Customer Details, Transaction Details, Shipping
Details, etc.)
12. If your warehouse manager is asking you to submit the current stock report of
the warehouse, which option will be used? Explain.
(Ans: use Pivot table. Summary report including the Product name and Sum of Quantity/ No.
of available products)
13. Which option is used to search a given text or number in a sheet?
(Ans: Find or Ctrl + F)
14. If you are asked to submit the reports that how many times the stock received for certain
products during a specified time period / date, what will you do?
(Ans: use Pivot table. Summary report including the Product name and Count of
Quantity/ No. of available products)
15. What is the shortcut used to edit the content/data entered in a cell?
(Ans: F2)
16. Which option is used to find the total price paid for a particular product from a given list?
(Ans: Sumif())
17. What is the shortcut used to copy the data entered in the first cell of a selected cell range
downwards till the selection?
(Ans: Ctrl + D)
18. Which option is used to highlight the cells in a given condition using a specified format?
(Ans: Conditional formatting)
19. Which option is used to find out some details for given data from a list for a
given value/product name?
(Ans: VLookup() / HLookup())
20. Which option is used to prepare a new table/list from a given list for a specified criteria?
 (Ans: Advanced Filter)

21. What is the difference between sum() and sumif()?

(Ans: sum() is used to find the total of values given in a selected range, whereas
sumif() is used to find the total of values in a specified range if a given criteria is satisfied in
another range)
22. Differentiate sumif() and sumifs().
(Ans: sumif() is used to find the total of values in a specified range if a given
criteria is satisfied in another range. But sumifs() is used when there are more than one
criteria is used)
23. Using which option we could set certain Validation rules in s selected range?
(Ans: Using Data – Data Validation)
24. Specify the option used to rearrange the data entered in a list / table?
(Ans : Sort option either in Home tab or in Data tab)
25. What are the uses of Concatenate & Workday.Intl functions in Excel?
(Ans: Concatenate() is used to combine two texts. Eg:-. To join Firstname and Lastname
of a customer.
Workday.intl() is to return a date from a start date for a specified no. of days. Eg:- to
return the receiving date of a shipment from the shipping date for a given no. of days)

DECARBONIZE IN SUPPLYCHAIN

1. Define the term Decarbonization.

Decarbonisation- tends to refer to the process of reducing ‘carbon intensity’, lowering the
amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
2. What do you mean by Green Logistics :-
Green logistics includes any business practises that minimises the environmental impact of
the logistics network and delivery.
3. Meaning of Sustainable development:-
Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
4. How can we reduce carbon emissions in warehouse:-
a. Use Battery Powered Vehicles
b. Go Paperless
c. Use energy efficient equipment’s
5. How can we reduce carbon emissions from Transportation:-
a. Fuel switching
b. Increasing fuel efficiency
c. Route optimization
6. Carbon Tax:-
A carbon tax is paid by businesses and industries that produce carbon dioxide through their
operations.
7. Carbon Footprint:-
 A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and
methane) that are generated by our actions.
8. Carbon Trade:-
Carbon trade is the buying and selling of credits that permit a company or other entity to
emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases.

9. Carbon Labelling:-
A carbon emission label or carbon label describes the carbon dioxide emissions created as
a by-product of manufacturing, transporting, or disposing of a consumer product.
10. Carbon offsetting:-
A carbon offset is a credit that a person or organization can buy to decrease its carbon
footprint.
11. Green Hydrogen:-
Producing hydrogen by electrolysis from renewable sources involves breaking down water
molecules (H 2O) into oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen (H 2).

PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT
1. What is Sourcing?
Sourcing in procurement is a process of assessing, selecting, and managing suppliers to
acquire the desired goods and services from them.
2. What is procurement?
Procurement involves every activity involved in obtaining the goods and services a
company needs to support its daily operations, including sourcing, negotiating terms,
purchasing items, receiving and inspecting goods as necessary and keeping records of all
the steps in the process.
3. What is RFI?
A request for information is a common business process whose purpose is to collect written
information about the capabilities of various suppliers.
4. What is RFP?
An RFP or Request for Proposal is a document that asks for a comprehensive proposal from
the prospective suppliers that includes documents like a company profile, a proposal for
delivering goods or services asked for, a client list, and financial details.
5. What is RFQ?
An RFQ or Request for Quotation is a document that explains the details of the goods or
services that the organization plans to procure. In response to the RFQ, the prospective
suppliers are expected to quote their prices.
6. What is Purchase order?
A purchase order, commonly abbreviated as PO, is a formal document issued by a buyer
to a seller, indicating the types, quantities, agreed-upon prices, and other essential terms for
the products or services the buyer wishes to procure.
7. What are the important points to be considered for Supplier appraisal/evaluation?
The evaluation should include a review of the supplier’s financial stability, quality of
products or services, delivery times, and customer service. It’s important to have a clear
understanding of your needs and expectations before conducting an evaluation.

8. Why is Supplier Evaluation Important?

Supplier evaluations are important because they help you to ensure that your
 suppliers are meeting your standards and requirements. They also allow you to identify any
potential problems that could impact your business.
9. Challenges in procurement:- Vendor Management Invisible Spend
Risk Management
Inaccurate Data
10. Centralized Procurement:-
centralized procurement is a purchase of all required goods and services by a single
department for all the branches of the entire company.
11. What is Tendering?
Procurement tendering is the process wherein the organization will invite suppliers to
submit their proposals or bids. The invitation that the supplier will receive is usually called
a request for tender (RFT).

12. Various risks of using a third party for sourcing decisions in supplychain ? Reduced
customer/supplier contact
Loss of internal capability and growth in third party power Leakage of sensitive data and
information
Ineffective contracts
Loss of supply chain visibility Negative reputational impact
13. Purchase Requisition:-
A purchase requisition is an internal document indicating the desire to purchase goods or
services for the business.
14. Procurement process:-
1- Identifying internal need
2- Researching the market and shortlisting suppliers 3-Issuing RFQ or RFP and
selecting suppliers
4- Negotiating contracts
5- Creating purchase orders
6- Receiving and auditing the ordered items 7-Receiving invoices and making
payments 8-Record keeping
9-Establishing a supplier relationship

LAST MILE DELIVERY

1. How would you define last-mile delivery and its significance in the supply chain?

Last-mile delivery is the final stage of a product's journey, where it's delivered directly to
the customer's doorstep. It's crucial because it directly impacts customer satisfaction and
perception of the brand. A smooth and efficient last-mile experience can turn a one-time
buyer into a loyal customer.

2. What are some of the biggest challenges faced in last-mile delivery operations?
Traffic congestion, tight delivery windows, inaccurate addresses, and customer availability
issues are all common challenges. Additionally, ensuring the safe and secure handling of
packages throughout the delivery process is important. As the last interaction in the supply
chain, last-mile delivery can also be impacted by inefficiencies in earlier stages.
3. What are the 4 Pillars of Last Mile Delivery.
 Speed, Transparency, Efficiency, Personalised Experience

4. Factors affecting freight cost.

Distance, Material Handling, Weight, Density, Volume, Product Size, Product Handling,
Product Shape.

5. Explain how you would plan an efficient delivery route for multiple stops.
I would prioritize deliveries based on urgency and distance, grouping stops that are
geographically close. Utilizing route optimization software would further streamline the
process by considering factors like traffic patterns and delivery times. Additionally, with
the capabilities of new AI and machine learning technologies like those used in Gemini,
even more efficient routing based on real-time data might be possible in the future.

6. How would you utilize technology like route optimization software to improve delivery times?
Route optimization software helps plan the most efficient route, considering factors like
traffic patterns and delivery windows. It can significantly reduce delivery times and fuel
consumption, leading to a more sustainable delivery process. As AI and machine learning
technologies like those used in Gemini advance, route optimization software could become
even more sophisticated, taking into account even more variables for even greater
efficiency.

7. Describe your experience using a mobile device or scanner for delivery tracking.
I'm comfortable using mobile devices and scanners for delivery tracking. These tools help
me navigate routes, scan packages for confirmation, and provide real-time updates to
customers. They also ensure accurate record-keeping and improve overall delivery
transparency.

8. What would you do if you encountered an unexpected delay during your deliveries?
I would immediately notify my dispatcher and explain the situation. Depending on the
severity of the delay, we could explore rerouting options or contacting customers to adjust
delivery times. Proactive communication with all parties involved is crucial in minimizing
inconvenience.

9. How would you ensure the safe and secure handling of packages throughout the delivery
process?
I would carefully handle packages throughout the delivery process. This includes secure
loading and unloading from the vehicle, avoiding rough handling, and ensuring proper
storage conditions if needed. Following company protocols for fragile or high-value items
is also essential.

10.Are you familiar with any recent innovations or technologies that are improving last-mile
delivery efficiency?
Drone, self-driving vehicles, electric vehicles. Etc
11.Modes of Transportation?
Water, Air, Road, Pipeline, Rail
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

1. What is Artificial Intelligence? Examples?

Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines,
especially computer systems
2. Types of Artificial Intelligence? There are four types of AI
Reactive AI
Limited Memory AI Theory of Mind AI Self-Aware AI.
3. What is Machine learning ?
Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science which
focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that .It is defined as the
capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior.
4. What is Deep Learning?
Deep learning is the subset of machine learning methods based on artificial neural
networks (ANNs) with representation learning.
5. What are the challenges of AI in Supply chain? System complexities
The scalability factor
.The cost of training The operational costs
6. Write a short note on digitization in modern supply chains? Pervasiveness of AI
Automated processes augment people Complex decisions demand
Digital-readiness
7. What is IoT?
The Internet of Things(IoT) is the concept of connecting any device to the Internet or
each other. Devices range from cellphones, wearable devices, industrial equipment,
appliances, and anything else that collects and transmits data via the Internet. The
concept is based on a general rule that ‘Anything that can be connected will be
connected’
8. What is Cloud computing?
Cloud Computing Technology (CCT) as a cost-effective way to run applications, store
data, and accomplish other IT tasks. CCT is slowly emerging as a valuable way to
improve internal efficiencies, including capital investment savings, simplified
operations, scalability, improved information visibility, sustainability, and faster
deployment.
9. Write notes on Immersive technologies (VR&AR)?
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are among the fastest-growing
technologies
Consumers are eager to use AR and VR technology for shopping purposes. Retail offers
several commercial applications of VR.
VR heat mapping technology tracks a shopper’s movement in the store.
Retailers are also using AR technology to provide an amazing and exciting shopping
experience fortheir customers.
10. What are the three levels where RFID technology can generate business values for any
SCM?
In general, RFID technology could generate business value at three levels for any SCM:
Immediate
Short-Term:
Long -Term:.
11. What is NLP?
Natural language processing (NLP) is the ability of a computer program to understand
spoken and written human language.
12. What is Algorithms?
An algorithm is a set of instructions for solving a problem or accomplishing a task
13. Chat-GPT
A natural Language processing tool driven by AI technology.It allows to have human-
like conversations and much more with the chat bot Chat GPT was created by OpenAI,
14. Bard (Google chat bot)
Bard is a conversational generative artificial chatbot developed by Google. It simulate
human conversations using natural language processing and machine learning.
15. Google Gemini
It’s a powerful new Large Language Model( LLM) developed by Google Deep
Mind(announced in Dec 2023).It’s a Collection of models.There are three main versions:
Gemini Ultra, Gemini Pro, and Gemini Nano.

BLOCKCHAIN IN SUPPLYCHAIN MANAGEMENT

1. WHAT IS BLOCKCHAIN ?
Block chain technology is an advanced database mechanism that allows transparent
information sharing within a business network. A blockchain database stores data in
blocks that are linked together in a chain.

2. ANY TWO ADVANTAGES OF BLOCKCHAIN?

Immutability simply means that transactions, once recorded on a blockchain, can't be
changed or deleted.
Transparency is a key feature of public blockchains. All transactions recorded on a
public blockchain are visible to anyone,

3. WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS OF BLOCKCHAIN IN SCM?

Enhancing Traceability IN SCM Smart contracts

4. WHAT IS CRYPTOCURRENCY?
A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as
a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central
authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it

5. ANY TWO CRYPTOCURRENCIES ?

Bitcoin (BTC) Ethereum (ETH)

6. WHAT IS NODE IN BLOCKCHAIN?

A blockchain node is a device, usually a computer, that participates in a blockchain
network.

7. WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY?

Cryptography is the practice of developing and using coded algorithms to protect and
obscure transmitted information so that it may only be read by those with the permission
and ability to decrypt it

8. WHAT IS VISIBILITY IN SUPPLYCHAIN?

Supply chain visibility is the ability to view or track inventory as it moves through the
supply chain. Real-time supply chain visibility is the complete, end-to-end view of a
company's logistics, inventory and warehouse management processes and people in real
time.
9. What are the different types of blochchain? Public, Private, Consortium and Hybrid

10. WHAT IS HYPER LEDGER?

 Hyperledger is a collection of open source projects created to support the development
of blockchain-based distributed ledgers. It aims to create the needed frameworks,
standards, tools and libraries to build blockchains and related applications.

11. WHAT IS PEER TO PEER NETWOK?

In peer-to-peer (P2P) networking, a group of computers are linked together with equal
permissions and responsibilities for processing data.

12. ANY TWO LIMITIONS OF BLOCKCHAIN?

Data is immutable
More energy consumption

13. What is smart contract ?

A smart contract is a computer program or a transaction protocol that is intended to
automatically execute, control or document events and actions according to the terms of
a contract or an agreement.