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Heat Exchanger Practicace

The document outlines a practical experiment on heat exchangers, focusing on their types, applications, and the specific aim to determine effective heat transfer and overall heat transfer coefficients for different flow patterns. It describes the procedure for conducting the experiment, including setup, measurements, and calculations for various temperatures. Additionally, it includes theoretical concepts such as Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) and effectiveness of heat exchangers.

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Victoria Dumebi
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8 views6 pages

Heat Exchanger Practicace

The document outlines a practical experiment on heat exchangers, focusing on their types, applications, and the specific aim to determine effective heat transfer and overall heat transfer coefficients for different flow patterns. It describes the procedure for conducting the experiment, including setup, measurements, and calculations for various temperatures. Additionally, it includes theoretical concepts such as Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) and effectiveness of heat exchangers.

Uploaded by

Victoria Dumebi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY, OJO, LAGOS

Thermo fluid Laboratory Practical II


MEE 361

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Epe campus, Epe, Lagos.


Engr. Dr. V. D Obasa
Heat Exchanger
Introduction

• A heat exchanger does exactly that!!! –

It is a device that allow mutual exchanges heat between two streams, there by enhancing
concurrently an exothermic and endothermic reaction between a hot and cold sources

Application

Heat exchangers are used in many engineering applications, such refrigeration,


heating and air conditioning systems, power plants, chemical processing systems,
food processing systems, automobile radiators, and waste heat recovery units

Types of heat Exchangers


Levenspiel (1998) divides heat exchangers into three groups:
1. direct contact exchangers
2. regenerators
3. recuperators
• Direct contact exchangers are self-explanatory. The hot and cold streams are
brought into direct contact (mixed) and heat is transferred. Here, heat transfer
involves the exchange of heat between two immiscible fluids by bringing them
into contact at different temperatures.

Regenerators: A regenerating exchanger transfers heat in steps: first from the hot
fluid to a storage medium and subsequently from the storage medium to the cold
fluid. A sand tank or rotary slab may be used as the storage phase.
Recuperating exchangers: In this arrangement, the hot and cold fluids are
separated by a wall and heat is transferred by conduction through the wall. This
class includes double pipe (hairpin), shell and tube, and compact (plate and frame,
etc.) exchangers.
In this study, we will primarily work with recuperating exchangers, since they are
probably of the most industrial interest.

Types of recuperating heat exchangers


1. Double-pipe heat exchanger
2. Compact heat exchanger.
3. Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger
4. Plate and frame heat exchanger
Flow patterns in recuperating exchangers
• cocurrent ( parallel)
• countercurrent
• cross flow (crosscurrent)

Aim /Objective
The focus of this experiment is to determine the effective heat transfer and the
overall heat transfer coefficient for parallel/concurrent flow and counter flow. This
would be achieved by calculating;
mass flow rate, the Logarithmic Average Temperature Differences given some
constant variables

Procedure
1. Verify that valves are opened and that parallel flux configuration is been set.
2. Verify that the heating tank is filled with water over the level switch.
3. Verify that the AV9 valve is opened while the AV10 valve is closed.
4. Turn on the pump and the resistance (the equipment power supply).
5. Fix the tank temperature in 50 ºC (ST16).
6. Fix the hot water flow at about 3 l/min (SC1) and adjust the cold water flow so
stationary operating conditions are reached keeping the temperature in the tank
constant.
7. Start the stirrer.
8. Write down temperature and flow measurements on the experimental sheet.
9. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for different temperatures of the water tank: 45 ºC, 55ºC
and 60 ºC.
10. Once the values had been recorded you may calculate the heat transferred by
the hot water, the heat absorbed by the cold water, heat losses, the logarithmic
average temperature differences and the global exchange heat coefficient.

Apparatus

Parallel flow and counter flow heat exchanger work bench


Measuring jar
Stop Watch

Theory

Specification Requirement:
1. Length of Heat Exchanger (l)
2. Inner copper pipe outer diameter (do)
3. Inner copper pipe inner diameter (di)
4. Outer Iron pipe outer diameter (Do)
5. Inner copper pipe inner diameter (Di)
6. Cp hot water, = Cp cold water,

Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)

The Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) can be used to calculate the heat transfer
between the two fluids in the heat exchanger, provided the device’s characteristics are known:
𝜃𝑖 −𝜃𝑜 𝜃𝑜 −𝜃𝑖
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 = 𝜃 = 𝜃 ----------------------------------(1)
ln 𝑖 ln 𝑜
𝜃𝑜 𝜃𝑖
𝜃𝑖 = 𝑇ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇𝑐𝑖 , 𝜃𝑜 = 𝑇ℎ𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 -----------(2a)

𝜃𝑖 = 𝑇ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜 , 𝜃𝑜 = 𝑇ℎ𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐𝑖 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 -----------(2b)

Measurement of Flow rate

Vol flow rate = vol per litre /tsec

Vol = 1 litre and time to fill the pipe with I litre = tsec

Mass flow rate= Density of water X volume flow rate

Effectiveness of a heat exchanger


The effectiveness (ϵ) of a heat exchanger is defined as the ratio of the actual heat transfer to the maximum
possible heat transfer.

actual heat transfer


∈= maximum possible heat transfer

Q𝑎𝑣𝑔
Actual heat transfer = Cmax (𝑇
ℎ𝑖 −𝑇𝑐𝑖 )

Qℎ + Q𝑐
Q𝑎𝑣𝑔=
2
Qℎ=mhCph (𝑇ℎ𝑖 −𝑇ℎ𝑜)

Q𝑐=mc Cpc (𝑇𝑐𝑜 −𝑇𝑐𝑖 )

Results and tables


Parallel Flow
Serial Hot water Section Cold Water Section
Number Flow Rate Inlet Temp Outlet Temp Flow Rate Inlet Temp Outlet
T1 T2 T1 Temp T2
1
2
3
Counter Flow
Serial Hot water Section Cold Water Section
Number Flow Rate Inlet Temp T1 Outlet Temp Flow Rate Inlet Temp Outlet
T2 T1 Temp T2
1(400C)
2 (600C)
3 (800C)
5 (1000C

From the above data, the following thermodynamic variables may be calculated:
• Mass flow rate of hot water= mh
• Mass flow rate of cold water= mc
• Specific heat capacity of hot water = CPh
• Specific heat capacity of cold water = CPc
• Qc =heat flow rate of cold water
• Qh=heat flow rate of hot water
• Ql= actual heat transfer
• U=coefficient of heat transfer

Parameters 1 (400C) 2 (600C) 4 (800C) 5(1000C)


Qh ( w )
Qc ( w )
Ql ( w )
LMTD( k )
U(w/m2k )

Conclusions and comments


Comment on the results obtained.

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