ATRIA

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PROJECT NAME

Smart Firefighting Extinguisher Robot

with Obstacle Detection

Team Name

AQUAFORCE

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INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Team Members

S.No Name
1. PRAKHAR SINGH
2. PRASANN
3. PRATHMA KUMARI
4. PRATOSH CHANDRU
5. RAHUL P
6. RAJ KAMAL PATHAK
7. RAJNATH N N
8. RAKSHITA
9. RAUNAK KUMAR
10. RITWIK VAIDA
11. ROHIT SAH
12. SANJAY S
13. SANNI KUMAR
14. SANTOSH KHATRI
15. SATENDRA CHAUHAN
16. SATYAM KUMAR YADAV
17. SATYAM YADAV
18. SATYANAND KUMAR
19. SACHIN KUMAR
20. SHANI KUMAR

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CONTENTS

Sl.No INDEX Pg.No

1. Introduction 4

2. Key Concepts 5

3. Uses 7

4. Advantages 9

5. Parts Lists

6. Explanation (Demo) 12

7. Conclusion 14

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I. INTRODUCTION

Fire-related accidents are among the most destructive and life-threatening

hazards in both industrial and domestic environments. They can cause
irreversible damage to property and, more importantly, pose serious risks to
human lives. In many situations, the delay in responding to a fire is due to
inaccessibility, panic, or unsafe environments.

To address this challenge, the concept of an autonomous Smart

Firefighting Robot has been developed. This robot is designed to detect the
presence of fire using flame or temperature sensors and extinguish it using a
water-based spray system. It is also capable of identifying and avoiding
obstacles using ultrasonic and infrared (IR) sensors, enabling it to navigate
toward the fire source safely and efficiently. This project blends
automation, robotics, and embedded systems to deliver a cost-effective,
scalable solution for real-world fire emergencies.

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II. Key Concepts

• Fire Detection: The robot uses sensors (like flame or temperature

sensors) to detect fire by identifying infrared radiation or heat

signatures.

• Extinguishing Mechanism: A water or chemical spray system is

activated through a relay and a TIP122 transistor circuit to put out

detected fires.

• Obstacle Avoidance: Ultrasonic and IR proximity sensors

continuously monitor the robot's path, preventing it from

colliding with walls, objects, or people.

• Autonomous Mobility: The robot uses a motor driver (L298N)

to independently navigate towards fire while avoiding barriers.

• Power Management: The system uses lithium-ion batteries for

portability and consistent power delivery

• Modular and Scalable: Designed to be easily upgradable with

camera modules, wireless control (via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi), or

even AI-based fire recognition in future versions.

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III. Uses

• Industrial Safety: Can be used in factories, chemical plants, and

warehouses where fire hazards are high.

• Smart Homes: Can serve as an intelligent fire safety device in large homes
or apartments.

• Defense and Military: Useful in high-risk zones where sending human

firefighters is not viable.

• Search and Rescue Missions: Assists during post-disaster rescue missions

in smoke-filled or collapsed areas.

• Educational Demonstration: Ideal for robotics and embedded systems

demonstrations in academic institutions.

• Public Infrastructure: Can be deployed in public buildings like malls,

theaters, or hospitals for early fire control.

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IV.Advantages

• Human Safety: Reduces the need to send humans into hazardous or burning
environments.

• Early Intervention: Responds immediately upon detecting fire, potentially

preventing major damage.

• Cost-Effective: Built using affordable components, making it viable for

widespread use.

• Efficient Navigation: Obstacle sensors ensure the robot can operate in

cluttered or narrow spaces.

• Modular Design: The robot can be enhanced with new modules like wireless
cameras or voice alerts.

• Environmental Awareness: Can help in minimizing environmental damage

by quickly containing fires.

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V. Part Lists

Component Quantity Purpose

Arduino UNO / NodeMCU 1 Main controller for decision-making

Flame/Temperature Sensor 3 Detects fire or high temperatures

Ultrasonic Sensor 2 Detects obstacles for navigation
IR Proximity Sensors 2 Detects close-range objects

Water/Spray Pump Module 1 Sprays water to extinguish the fire

Relay Module 1 Controls pump power switching

TIP122 Transistor 1 Controls high-current spray module

Diodes (e.g., IN4148) 1–2 Prevents back current damage

Smooths voltage in motor/pump
Capacitor (e.g., 100 pF) 1
system

1kΩ Resistor 1 Used in the transistor control circuit

Controls wheel motors for

Motor Driver Module (L298N) 1
movement

DC Motors with Wheels 4–6 Enables robot movement

Lithium-Ion Batteries (3.7V) 3 Provides power to entire system

Battery Holder/Connector 1 Houses and connects batteries safely

Chassis (6WD ) 1 Structure of the robot

Connecting Wires and Breadboard Multiple Circuit connections and prototyping

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VI. Explanation.

The working of the robot is divided into three main functions: detection,
navigation, and extinguishing.

Detection:
When the robot is powered on, it continuously scans the surroundings using
its flame or temperature sensors. Once fire is detected based on infrared light
or temperature readings exceeding a threshold, it enters “fire response” mode.

Navigation:
Using ultrasonic and IR proximity sensors, the robot identifies obstacles like
walls or furniture and adjusts its direction to safely approach the source of
fire. The motor driver enables smooth movement of wheels and turns.

Extinguishing:
Upon reaching close proximity to the fire, the Arduino triggers the spray
module by sending a signal to the relay module. The relay, in turn, activates
the pump circuit powered through a TIP122 transistor, enabling the robot to
spray water and extinguish the fire.
Once the fire is eliminated or the sensors detect a drop in heat/light, the robot
can either return to standby or continue scanning for other sources.

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VII. Conclusion.

The Smart Firefighting Extinguisher Robot demonstrates a meaningful step

toward automation in safety systems. Its ability to detect, navigate, and extinguish
fire independently makes it a valuable solution for industrial and household fire
emergencies. This project blends various aspects of robotics, electronics, and
sensor integration to achieve its goals.
With further enhancements such as real-time wireless monitoring, integration of
thermal cameras, GPS navigation, or AI-based object recognition, the robot can be
made more intelligent and applicable in large-scale emergency response systems.
This project not only solves a practical problem but also serves as a platform for
learning and innovation in embedded systems and robotics.

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