PGCET-2023

Seat No._________
SUB: Metallurgy Engineering
Time:1 Hour 30 minutes
Instructions:
1. Ensure that all pages are printed.
2. Use Black ball pen only
3. Change in option is not allowed
4. There is no negative marking
5. Use of non -programmable scientific calculator is allowed

1. Critical value of the Gibbs energy of nucleation at equilibrium temperature is

A zero B infinite
C positive D negative
2. When two phases α and β in an alloy are in thermodynamic equilibrium, then
A B

C D
3. In the Ellingham diagram for oxides, C-CO line cuts the M-MO line at temperature
T1 and the M′-M′O line at a higher temperature T2. At a temperature greater than T1
and less than T2, carbon can reduce
A MO B M′O
C both MO and M′O D neither MO and M′O
4. The total number of possible heat transfer mode(s) is
A 3 B 2
C 4 D 5
5. Which one of the following can give information about the corrosion rate?
A Pourbaix diagram B Galvanic series
C Polarization technique D EMF series
6. If the systems A and B are in thermal equilibrium with system C, then system A is
also in thermal equilibrium with system B. In thermodynamics, this statement is
A zeroeth law B 1st law
C 2nd law D 3rd law
7. The amount of heat exchanged between system and surroundings under constant
pressure is called
A Entropy B Free energy
C Internal energy D Enthlpy
8. The correct statement about isothermal process is
A dT = 0 B dU = 0
C q = -w D All
9. Which of the following contain higher entropy?

A 1 mole acetylene B 1 mole ethane

C 1 mole ethylene D 1 mole methane
PGCET-2023 Metallurgy Engineering Dt: 15-07-2023 Page 1 of 10
 10 Which of the following statements is true?

A q = dH at constant T; q = dE at B q = dH at constant P; q = dE at
constant V constant T
C q = dH at constant V; q = dE at D q = dH at constant P; q = dE at
constant P constant V
11 If Δ G is –ve than the reaction taking place is

A Exothermic B Endothermic
C Ore reaction D Can’t say
12 In cathodic protection
A Increase electrode potential B Decrease electrode potential
C Normalise electrode potential D No effect on electrode potential
13 Rate of reaction is studied with
A Thermodynamics B Kinetics
C Statics D Mechanics
14 Martensitic transformation is
A Diffusion controlled B Diffusionless
C Eutectoid reaction product D Eutectic reaction product
15 Passivity is due to
A Higher EMF B Oxide film
C Lower EMF D All
16 In a reversible process
A dE-dW = TdS B dW-dE = TdS
C TdS-TdE+dW< 0 D Tds= dE +dW
17 Sulphide ore is generally concentrated by
A Roasting B Froth floatation process
C Reduction by carbon D Tempering
18 Smelting is carried out in
A Blast furnace B Muffle furnace
C Open Health furnace D Electric furnace
19 In the froth floatation process for the purification of ores, ore particles float because

A They are light B Their surface is not easily wetted

by water
C They bear electrostatic charge D They are insoluble
20 Dolomite is a mineral of which metal ?
A Iron B Aluminium
C Calcium D Copper
21 Coke is added in iron blast furnace to
A Reduce and melt the iron ore B Remove sulphur and phosphorous
from molten metal
C Increase the fluidity of slag D None of these

PGCET-2023 Metallurgy Engineering Dt: 15-07-2023 Page 2 of 10

 22 With increase in steel melting furnace temperature, the slag viscosity…
A Increases B Remains same
C Decreases D May increase or decrease depends
on slag composition
23 Which is not an autogeneous process?
A Bessemer process B Open hearth furnace
C LD converter D Basic oxygen furnace
24 Viscosity of highly basic slag can be reduced by the addition of
A Sand B Bauxite
C Both (a) & (b) D Neither (a) nor (b)
25 In a basic steel making furnace, the
A Refractory lining is basic in nature B Flux used is necessarily basic
C Slag is highly acidic in nature D None of these
26 Which is used most extensively as a deoxidizer producing killed steel in practice?
A Aluminium B Nickel
C Bauxite D Zirconia
27 Which steel making furnace has no oxidizing atmosphere of its own?
A LD converter B Bessemer converter
C Open hearth furnace D Electric furnace
28 Ferrosilicon is added in the molten steel ladle to
A Carburised B deoxidise
C Cool D Solidify
29 Slag of lead blast furnace consists mainly of ________ of iron and calcium.
A Oxides B Silicates
C Sulphate D chlorides
30 Leaching of roasted zinc ore is done by
A Dilute H2SO4 B Concentrated H2SO4
C Dilute HCL D Dilute HNO3
31 Which of the following is not a mineral dressing operation?
A Roasting B Comminution
C Calcining D Distillation
32 Density of slag compared to that pig iron is about
A One tenth B One third
C Two forth D Three forth
33 Which one has body centered cubic (b.c.c.) lattice of crystals?

A Na B Zn
C Ag D Pb
34 In screw dislocation, the dislocation line is

A Parallel to Burger’s vector B Perpendicular to Burger’s vector

C At an angle of thirty degree to the D None of these
Burger’s vector
PGCET-2023 Metallurgy Engineering Dt: 15-07-2023 Page 3 of 10
 35 Iron is non magnetic

A Above Curie point B When its lattice structure is fcc

C When it is in γ–iron form D All
36 The property which enables metals to be drawn into wire is known as

A Malleability B Ductility
C Straining D Elastic deformation
37 The beginning of transition from austenite to ferrite on iron-carbon equilibrium
diagram is represented by

A Line A1 B Line A cm
C Line A3 D None of the above
38 The teeth of spur gear is hardened by

A Cold working B Quenching

C Dispersion hardening D Induction hardening
39 Tree like structure formed in crystal growth is known as

A Bainitic B Dendritic
C HCP D Luder band
40 In salt bath furnaces, heat is transferred to the charge mainly by

A Conduction B Convection
C Radiation D None of these
41 Final structure of austempered steel
A Pearlite B Ferrite + Graphite
C Bainite D Martensite
42 Energizer used in pack carburizing is
A BaCO3 B K2SO4
C Na2SO4 D H2O2
43 Not a characteristic property of ceramic material

A High temperature stability B High mechanical strength

C Low elongation D Low hardness
44 Which one of the following is not the purpose of full annealing

A Refines grains B Induces softness

C Removes strains and stresses D Produces hardest material
45 Miller indices of the diagonal plane of a cube are

A (200) B (111)
C (010) D (110)
46 Relative amounts of phases in a region can be deduced using
A Phase rule B Lever rule
C Either D None
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 47 System consisting of ice, water and steam at triple point is
A Non-variant B Bi-variant
C Tri-variant D Uni-variant
48 Addition of zinc to copper improves its
A Machinability B Corrosion resistance
C Hardness D Ductility and strength
49 As compared to the engineering stress-engineering strain curve, the true stress-true
strain curve for a given material

A lies above and to the left B lies below and to the right
C crosses the engineering stress- D
engineering strain curve is identical
50 Which one of the following does NOT improve fatigue life of a steel component?
A Nitriding B Shot-peening
C Decarburization D Improving surface finish
51 When a metal returns to its original shape after an applied load has been removed, the
metal is said to have:

A Plasticity B Malleability
C Ductility D Elasticity
52 Fluctuating load is: cyclic stresses, below the UTS on a weld component may lead to
A Yield failure B Fatigue failure
C Tensile failure D Shear failure
53 Creep rate decreases in ___________ stage of creep.
A First B Second
C Third D No effect of stages
54 Longitudinal strength of fiber reinforced composite is mainly influenced by
A Fiber strength B Fiber volume fraction
C Fiber orientation D Fiber length
55 Hardness of martensite measured on Rockwell

A C scale B Both
C B scale D None of above
56 Plastic deformation results from

A Slip B Twinning
C None of above D Both
57 Thermodynamically stable defect is

A Volume defects B Dislocations

C Line defects D Vacancy
58 Due to Frenkel defect, the density of ionic solids :

A increases B does not change

C decreases D Can not say
PGCET-2023 Metallurgy Engineering Dt: 15-07-2023 Page 5 of 10
 59 Frank-Read source
A Generates dislocation B Hinders the movement of
dislocation
C Is responsible for polygonisation in D Is responsible for dislocation
edge dislocation climb
60 In fracture toughness characterized by K1c, I in the subscript indicates loading by

A parallel shear mode B Forward shear mode

C perpendicular shear mode D crack opening mode
61 The number of independent slip systems required for a crystal to undergo a general
change in shape by slip are

A 3 B 4
C 5 D 6
62 When load is applied to a material, 'instantaneous' strain develops with
A speed of light B speed of sound
C half the speed of light D infinite speed
63 With an increase in cold working, tensile strength of material

A Decreases B Remain constant

C First decreases then increases D Increases
64 In a steel, which has improved creep properties at elevated temperature, which one of
the following elements helps in this improvement?

A Tungsten B Molybdenum
C Carbon D Manganese
65 Risers are not required for casting
A stainless steel B white cast iron
C plain carbon steel D grey cast iron
66 For a good quality brazing, the molten filler alloy should have
A low contact angle with the base B
low density
metal
C high surface tension D high viscosity
67 Arc welding is done using current, voltage and welding speed of 200 A, 20 V and
0.01 m/s, respectively. The heat input in kJ per unit length is _________
A 420 B 450
C 380 D 400
68 Applying preheat when welding carbon manganese steel is normally done to avoid:
A Slag inclusions B Porosity
C Hydrogen cracking D Lack of sidewall fusion
69 Which of following mechanical properties of a weld in carbon manganese steel is most
affected if the heat input per unit length of weld is excessively high?
A Elongation B Hardness
C Tensile strength D Toughness
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 70 Which of the following defects is unlikely to be found by visual inspection.

A Linear misalignment B Linear slag inclusion

C Overlap D Undercut
71 Which defect would you expect to obtain in TIG welds in non-deoxidized steel?

A Under cut B Tungsten inclusions

C Porosity D Linear misalignment
72 Which of the following destructive tests would indicate the toughness of weld
metal/parent metal – HAZ.

A Nick break B Macro

C Hardness D Charpy vee notch
73 Ultrasonic would be prefer over radiography due to:

A Ability to find more defects B Lowest skill requirements

C Ability to detect laminations D Both a) and c)
74 Which of the following can arise from copper inclusions is a ferrite steel weld?

A HAZ cracks B Weld metal cracks

C Lamellar tearing D Porosity
75 Which of the following NDT methods would not detect sub-surface defects?

A MPI B Ultrasonic testing

C Radiography D Dye penetrant testing
76 Which arc welding process utilizes a non-consumable electrode?

A MIG B MMA
C TIG D SAW
77 Chills are used for

A Promote good directional and B

Prevent core shifting
progressive solidification
C Impart flowing property and D
cleaning Reduce porosity
78 Flash Length increase in close die forging

A Creates porosity B Cracks the workpiece

C decrease forging pressure in die D Increase forging pressure in die
79 The presence of tension in the plane of the sheet in rolling can

A Increase rolling pressure B decrease rolling pressure

C No effect on rolling pressure D Both a) and b)
80 When referring to TIG welding, the shielding gas could be
A Hydrogen B CO2
C Argon + Helium D All of the above

PGCET-2023 Metallurgy Engineering Dt: 15-07-2023 Page 7 of 10

 81 2
Solution of differential equation (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 = 0 is given by

A 𝑥 2 − (𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦) = 𝑐 B 𝑥 2 − 3(𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦) = 𝑐

C 𝑥 2 + 3(𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦) = 𝑐 D 𝑥 3 − 3(𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦) = 𝑐

82 𝑑2𝑦
Solution of differential equation + 4𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 is given by
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
A + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 B 4
4
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
C D 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
83 Laplace Transformation of 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 is equal to
1 𝑠2 − 1
A (𝑠 + 1)2
2 B (𝑠 2 + 1)2

𝑠2 𝑠2 + 1
C (𝑠 2 − 1)2 D (𝑠 2 − 1)2

84 1
Inverse Laplace Transformation of
(𝑠2 +16𝑠+89)
is equal to

1 −8𝑡
A 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 B 𝑒 −8𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡
5
1 −8𝑡
C 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡 D 𝑒 −8𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡
5
85 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
lim (𝜋 ) is equal to
𝑥→𝜋/2 −𝑥
2

A 2 B 0

C 1/2 D 1

86 𝜕2 𝜃 𝜕2 𝜃
If 𝑥 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 then 2
+ is equal to
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2
𝑥𝑦
0 B
A (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
𝑥𝑦
1
C (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 D
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2
87 If ∅ = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑧 then 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙(𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑∅) is equal to

A 1 B 4

C 2 D 0
PGCET-2023 Metallurgy Engineering Dt: 15-07-2023 Page 8 of 10
 88 Vector Field ⃗⃗⃗
𝐹 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑧𝑗 + 5𝑘 ⃗⃗⃗ is
then 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝐹

A 𝑖+𝑗+𝑘 B 𝑖−𝑗+𝑘

C 0 D 2𝑖 + 𝑗

89 Which of the following is correct for the system

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0, − 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0

A Non Trivial Solution B Trivial Solution

C No solution D None of these

90 3 6 0
If 𝐴 = [0 2 1] 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 an Eigen values of 𝐴2 are
0 0 1

A 1, 4, 9 B 1 ,2 ,3

C 1,4,5 D 1 ,2,5

91 5 7 9
If 𝐴 = [0 5 0] then rank of the matrix A is.
0 0 9

A 1 B 0

C 2 D 3

92 𝑧−5
If 𝑓(𝑧) = which are the points where 𝑓(𝑧) fails to be analytic
(𝑧−3)(𝑧 2 −9𝑧+20)
?

A -3,-4 B 3,4

C -3,-5 D 3,5

93 1
Value of ∫
𝑐 (𝑧−4)3
𝑑𝑧, ( where 𝑐 𝑖𝑠 |𝑧| = 2) is.

A 0 B 2𝜋𝑖

C 𝜋𝑖 D 3𝜋𝑖

94 𝑧+5
Residue of 𝑓(𝑧) = at pole -2 is.
(𝑧+2)(𝑧+3)

A 2 B 5
C 3 D 1

PGCET-2023 Metallurgy Engineering Dt: 15-07-2023 Page 9 of 10

 95 The Mean, Median and mode of 30, 25, 23, 24, 23 are.

Mean=25, Median=23, Mode= Mean=25, Median=24, Mode= 23

A 24 B

Mean=24, Median=25, Mode= Mean=25, Median=24, Mode= 24

C 23 D

96 If A and B are independent event where P(A)=1/3 and P(B)=1/6 then P(AUB) is

A B 2/9
1/9
C 1/3 D 4/9

97 The lifetime T of an alkaline battery is exponentially distributed with 𝜆 = 0.04 per hour.
What is the standard deviation of the battery life time ?

A B 30 hrs.
25 hrs.
C 35 hrs. D 20 hrs.

98 2 1 1
Value of ∫
1 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 with ℎ = 0.5 by Simpsons rule is.
3

A B 0.6542
0.0546
C 0.5046 D 0.546

99 A numerical solution of the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 − 2 = 0 can be obtained using

Newton-Raphson method. If the initial guess 𝑥0 = 1 for the iteration then what is the
value of first iteration?

A B 0.25
1.5
C 0.15 D 0.5
100 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦(0) = 0.5 , taking h=0.1 using second order Runge-Kutta method
what is the value of y(0.1) ?

A B 0.615
1.615
C 0.516 D 1.516

PGCET-2023 Metallurgy Engineering Dt: 15-07-2023 Page 10 of 10