Based On 2 Samples

- In population 1 we have inhabitant of a different city than population 2, for example:

Population 1 consists of New York citizens, Population 2 consists of Miami citizens.

- In population 1 we have customers of a shop different from customers in population

customers buying from Bloomingdales.

- In population 1 we have female employees of a company different from male

employees in population 2, for example:
Population 1 consists of female employees in United Airlines, and population 2 consists
of male employees in the same company or in a different company.
Exercise 1:
We want to conduct a hypothesis test to determine whether the average annual

an auditing manager. To do so, we collect data on average annual wage for

both populations, where advertising managers are population 1 and auditing
managers are population 2. (Use a level of significance =0.05)

Population 1 (Advertising Population 2 (Auditing

= 32 = 34
= $70700 = $62187
= 16253 = 12900
Exercise 2:

annually into a private pension fund per person was $3352. The population standard
deviation is $1100.
A sample of 76 professional working men showed that the average amount paid
annually into a private pension fund per person was $5727, with a population standard

men into private pension funds. If they use = 0.001 and these sample data, will they
be able to reject a null hypothesis that women annually pay the same as or more than
Remark: If is unknown, it can be estimated by pooling the two sample
variances and computing a pooled sample standard deviation.

Here we need to do the following assumptions:

- Each of the two populations is normally distributed.
- The two samples are independent.
- The values of the population variances are unknown.
- The variances of the two populations are equal: =
Exercise 3:
At the Hernandez Manufacturing Company, new employees are expected to attend a three-

measure their knowledge about the company. The traditional training method has been
lecture and a question-and-answer session. Management decided to experiment with a
different training procedure, which processes new employees in two days by using DVDs
and having no question-and-answer session.

Training Method A Training Method B

59 57 53 52
47 47 53 45 48 56 65 53 55
42 51 42 43 44 53 54 64 57
Exercise 4:
Use the following data and 1% level of significance to test to determine if, on average,

Men Women
107.48 125.98

90.19 56.35
125.53 80.62
70.79 46.37

129.66 75.21
154.22 68.48
93.80 85.84
126.11
Exercise 5:
The Director of Quality Control noted as follows the number of acceptable and
unacceptable products from two different production lines. The completed form
is shown below.

1 152 48
2 136 64

better than line 2?

I have enough evidence to prove that the proportion of acceptable products in the
production line 1 is higher than those in the production line 2, this means that the
production line 1 is better than production line 2.

The probability of committing Type I error is 0.05.

Exercise 7: Sheet metal example

Because of the machine, the operator, the raw material, the manufacturing environment,
and other factors, there is variability in the thickness. Two machines produce these
sheets. Operators are concerned about the consistency of the two machines. To test
consistency, they randomly sample 10 sheets produced by machine 1 and 12 sheets
produced by machine 2. The thickness measurements of sheets from each machine are
given in the following table. Assume sheet thickness is normally distributed in the
population.
How can we test to determine whether the variance from each sample comes from the

variances (population variances are not equal)?

Remark:

If we have 2 tailed test and =0.05, we use the table for =0.025

If we have 1 tailed test and =0.05, we use the table for =0.05
Exercise 8:
According to Runzheimer International, a family of four in Manhattan with $60,000 annual
income spends more than $22,000 a year on basic goods and services. In contrast, a family of
four in San Antonio with the same annual income spends only $15,460 on the same items.

basics by families across the United States is greater than the variance of money spent on the
basics by families in Manhattan-that is, whether the amounts spent by families of four in
Manhattan are more homogeneous than the amounts spent by such families nationally.

are given along with those reported from a random sample of seven families across the United
States.

from across the United States can be shown to be greater than the variance of values obtained
from families in Manhattan.

Let = 0.01. Assume the amount spent on the basics is normally distributed in the population.
Exercise 9:
Given data in the packaging time from a factory on two independent samples, we want to
check whether it is reasonable to assume that the two machines have equal population
Exercise 9: (revisited)
Given data in the packaging time from a factory on two independent samples, we want to
check whether it is reasonable to assume that the machine 1 has lower population
Exercise 11:
A school manager wants to study the effect of video games on high school students. To
do so, he selects a sample of 9 students, asks them to do a math test, and wrote down
the grades. Then the students were given a video game, after 3 hours another test was
conducted. At 1% level of significance, does the school manager have enough evidence

The data are given in the following table:

(over 100) (over 100)

4 27 34

8 40 39
We will construct:

- Confidence Intervals for the difference in two populations proportions (p - p )

- Confidence Intervals for the difference in two populations variances

Example 1:
A consumer test group wants to determine the difference in gasoline mileage of
cars using regular unleaded gas and cars using premium unleaded gas. Researchers

car on one tank of gas.

Fifty of the cars were filled with regular unleaded gas and 50 were filled with
premium unleaded gas.
The sample average for the regular gasoline group was 21.45 miles per gallon
(mpg), and the sample average for the premium gasoline group was 24.6 mpg.
Assume that the population standard deviation of the regular unleaded gas
population is 3.46 mpg, and that the population standard deviation of the premium
unleaded gas population is 2.99 mpg.

mileage between the cars using regular gasoline and the cars using premium
gasoline.
Solution:

Conclusion:
The difference in the 2 population mean gas mileage between the cars using regular
gasoline and the cars using premium gasoline is between -4.42 and -1.88.
Since zero is not included in the interval, the means of the 2 populations cannot have

Since both sides are negative, the mean gas mileage for the cars using regular gasoline
is less than the mean gas mileage for the cars using premium gasoline.
Example 2:

A coffee manufacturer is interested in estimating the difference in the average daily

Its researcher randomly selects 13 regular-coffee drinkers and asks how many cups of
coffee per day they drink.
He randomly locates 15 decaffeinated-coffee drinkers and asks how many cups of
coffee per day they drink.
The average for the regular-coffee drinkers is 4.35 cups, with a standard deviation of
1.20 cups. The average for the decaffeinated-coffee drinkers is 6.84 cups, with a
standard deviation of 1.42 cups.
The researcher assumes, for each population, that the daily consumption is normally

the averages of the two populations.

Solution:

The researcher is 95% confident that the difference in population average daily
consumption of cups of coffee between regular- and decaffeinated-coffee drinkers is
between 1.46 cups and 3.52 cups.
A study was made on men and women to see when do they shop for groceries. A
sample of 400 men showed that 48 shop for groceries in the morning and a

Construct a 98% confidence level for the proportion difference.

Conclusion:
The researcher is 98% confident that the difference in proportion between men and

means the proportion of women shopping for groceries in the morning is

significantly higher.
Example 4:

House sales between May 2001 and May 2002 by

constructing a 99% confidence interval. The result of
the survey are given in the following table:
Exercise 2: (revisited)

annually into a private pension fund per person was $3352. The population standard
deviation is $1100.
A sample of 76 professional working men showed that the average amount paid
annually into a private pension fund per person was $5727, with a population standard

men into private pension funds. If they use = 0.001 and these sample data, will they
be able to reject a null hypothesis that women annually pay the same as or more than

difference to prove the claim.