SECTION 932

NONMETALLIC ACCESSORY MATERIALS

FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENT AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES

932-1 Joint Materials.

932-1.1 Preformed Joint Filler for Pavement and Structures: Preformed joint
filler shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M153 or AASHTO M213, or cellulose
fiber types meeting all the requirements of AASHTO M213 (except for the asphalt
content) is acceptable provided they contain minimums of 0.2% zinc borate as a
preservative and 1.5% waterproofing wax. For AASHTO M153, unless a particular type
is specified, either Type I, Type II or Type III may be used.
Preformed joint fillers shall have a thickness equal to the width of the joint
required, and shall be furnished in lengths equal to the widths of the slabs in which they
are to be installed, except that strips which are of a length not less than the distance
between longitudinal joints, or between longitudinal joint and edge, may be used if laced
or clipped together in a manner approved by the Engineer. The depth and shape of the
joint filler shall conform to the dimensions shown in the Plans. For doweled joints, proper
provision shall be made for the installation of the dowels.
932-1.1.1 Certification: The Contractor shall provide the Engineer a
certification conforming to the requirements of Section 6 from the manufacturer,
confirming that the preformed joint filler meets the requirements of this Section.
932-1.2 Joint Sealer for Pavement and Structures:
932-1.2.1 General: This Specification covers joint sealer intended for use
in sealing joints in asphaltic concrete pavement and portland cement concrete pavement.
These materials may also be used to seal joints in portland cement concrete bridges and
other structures.
932-1.2.2 Material: The joint sealant shall be composed of a mixture of
materials, typically but not limited to bituminous based, that will melt when heated for
application and then solidify to form a resilient and adhesive compound capable of
sealing joints in portland cement concrete and/or asphaltic concrete against the
infiltration of moisture and foreign materials throughout normal pavement conditions and
at ambient temperatures. The manufacturer shall have the option of formulating the
material according to their Specifications. However, the requirements delineated in this
Specification shall apply regardless of the type of formulation used. The material shall
cure sufficiently to not flow from the joint or be picked up by vehicle tires after 3 hours at
77°F. The material shall be capable of a uniform application consistency suitable for
filling joints without the inclusion of large air holes or discontinuities and without
damage to the material.
Materials for pavement joints shall be tested according to
ASTM D5329.
932-1.2.2.1 Physical Requirements of Joint Sealants for
Portland Cement Concrete Only:

Parameter Limits
At least 20°F lower than the safe heating temperature as
Pour Point
stated by the manufacturer.
 Cone-Penetration, Non-
Less than or equal to 90 mm
immersed at 77°F, 150 g, 5 s
Flow at 140°F, 5 h Less than or equal to 5.0 mm
Bond, Non-immersed, 0°F No cracking, separation, or opening that at any point is over
for 5 cycles* 1/4 inch deep, in the sealant or between the sealant and the
substrate.
*The depth of a crack, separation or opening shall be measured perpendicular to the side of the sealant showing the
defect. At least two test samples in a group of three representing a given sample of sealant shall meet this requirement.

932-1.2.2.2 Physical Requirements of Joint Sealants for

Portland Cement Concrete and/or Asphaltic Concrete:

Parameters Limits
At least 20° lower than the safe heating temperature as stated
Pour Point
by the manufacturer.
Cone-Penetration, Non-
immersed at 77°F, 150 g, Less than or equal to 90 mm
5s
Flow at 140°F, 5 h Less than or equal to 3.0 mm
Bond, Non-immersed, - No cracking, separation, or opening that at any point is over
20°F for 3 cycles, 50% 1/4 inch deep, in the sealant or between the sealant and the
extension* substrate.
Resilience at 77°F Recovery greater than or equal to 60%
No failure in adhesion, formation of an oily exudates at the
Asphaltic Concrete interface between the sealant and the asphaltic concrete, or
Compatibility at 140°F softening or other deleterious effects on the asphaltic concrete
or sealant.
*The depth of a crack, separation or opening shall be measured perpendicular to the side of the sealant showing the
defect. At least two test samples in a group of three representing a given sample of sealant shall meet this requirement.

932-1.2.3 Qualified Products List (QPL): The joint sealant materials

used shall be one of the products listed on the Department’s Qualified Products List
(QPL). Manufacturers seeking evaluation of their products shall submit product
datasheets, performance test reports from an independent laboratory showing the product
meets the requirements of this section, and a QPL application in accordance with
Section 6. Information on the QPL application must identify the sealant type.
932-1.2.4 Shipment: The material shall be delivered in containers plainly
marked with the manufacturer’s name or trademark product name, LOT number and date
of expiration.
932-1.2.5 Bond Breaker Rod: The bond breaker rod shall be a closed
cell, expanded polyethylene foam rod of the size and dimensions shown in the Plans. It
shall be compatible with the joint sealant and no bond or reaction shall occur between the
rod and the sealant.
All bond breaker rods installed shall be covered by a sealant at the
end of each work day.
Bond breaker tape approved by the sealant manufacturer may be
used in lieu of bond breaker rod when sealing random cracks.
 932-1.3 Low Modulus Silicone Sealant Materials:
932-1.3.1 Low Modulus Silicone Sealants: Silicone sealant shall be
furnished in a one part or pre-measured two part formulation meeting the requirements
specified herein.
Acetic acid cure sealants are not acceptable. A primer as specified
in 932-1.4 for bonding sealant to concrete shall be used if required by the manufacturer.
When a manufacturer’s product is tested and approved by the Department using a primer,
primer will be required for project installation.
Do not use Low Modulus Silicone Sealants Types A, B or C for
bridge expansion joints.
Silicones shall be identified in the following manner:
Type A - A low modulus, non-sag (non-self-leveling)
silicone formulation, used in sealing horizontal and vertical joints in cement concrete
pavements and bridges (i.e., concrete-concrete joints). Tooling is required.
Type B - A very low modulus, self-leveling silicone
formulation, used in sealing horizontal joints (including joints on moderate slopes) in
cement concrete pavements and bridges (i.e., concrete-concrete joints). Tooling is not
normally required.
Type C - An ultra-low modulus, self-leveling silicone
formulation, used in sealing horizontal joints (including joints on moderate slopes) in
cement concrete pavements and bridges (i.e., concrete-concrete joints). It can also be
used to seal the joints between cement concrete pavements and asphalt concrete shoulders
(including asphalt-asphalt joints). Tooling is not normally required.
Type D - An ultra-low modulus, self-leveling silicone
formulation, cold-applied, rapid-cure, used to seal expansion joints that experience both
thermal and/or vertical movements. The material must cure by chemical reaction and not
by evaporation of solvent or fluxing of harder particles. Tooling shall not be required.
Use according to Design Standards, Index No. 21110.
932-1.3.2 Physical Requirements:

Silicone
Sealant Test Method Type A Type B Type C Type D
Type
Flow ASTM D5893 No Flow
Slump
ASTM D2202 0.3 inches
(maximum)
Extrusion
ASTM C1183,
rate 20 ml/min 20 ml/min 20 ml/min 20 ml/min
Procedure A
(minimum)
Tack-free
time at 77
± 3ºF and 90 minutes 180 minutes, 60 minutes, 30 – 60
ASTM C679
45 to 55% maximum maximum maximum minutes
Relative
Humidity
Specific ASTM D792, 1.1 to 1.515 1.10 to 1.40 1.26 to 1.34 1.26 to 1.34
 Silicone
Sealant Test Method Type A Type B Type C Type D
Type
gravity Method A
Durometer
hardness,
Shore A
(Cured
seven days
ASTM D2240 10-25
at 77 ± 3ºF
and 50 ±
5%
Relative
Humidity)
Durometer
hardness,
Shore 00
(Cured 21
days at 77 ASTM D2240 40-80 20-80
± 3ºF and
50 ± 5%
Relative
Humidity)
Tensile
stress
(maximum) ASTM D412 (Die C) 45 psi 40 psi 15 psi
at 150%
elongation
Elongation
(Cured
seven days
at 77 ± 3ºF 800% 600%
ASTM D412 (Die C)
and 50 ± minimum minimum
5%
Relative
Humidity)
Elongation
(Cured 21
days at 77
800% 1400%
± 3ºF and ASTM D412 (Die C)
minimum minimum
50 ± 5%
Relative
Humidity)
Ozone and
No chalking, cracking or bond loss after 5,000 hours,
Ultraviolet ASTM C793
minimum.
Resistance
 Silicone
Sealant Test Method Type A Type B Type C Type D
Type
Bond to
concrete
mortar
briquets
(primed if
required)
50 psi
(Cured AASHTO T132
minimum
seven days
at 77 ± 3ºF
and 50 ±
5%
Relative
Humidity)
Bond to
concrete
briquets 35 psi
(Cured 21 minimum
40 psi
days at 77 AASHTO T132 (includes
minimum
± 3ºF and bond to
50 ± 5% asphalt)
Relative
Humidity)
No adhesive
or cohesive
failure and
Movement No adhesive or cohesive failure and adhesion,
ASTM C719
Capability adhesion, 10 cycles at -50 to +100% 10 cycles at
+100/-50 %
(joints
2” wide)

Portland Cement Mortar: Briquettes shall be molded and cured

28 days minimum in accordance with AASHTO T132. Cured briquettes shall be dried at
230°, plus or minus 5ºF, sawed in half and bonded together with a thin section of sealant.
After cure of sealant, briquettes shall be tested in accordance with AASHTO T132.
932-1.3.3 Field Cure: Six-inch samples of the sealant shall be taken by
the Engineer from the joint at the end of a two week curing period and tested for
durometer hardness (by FM ANSI/ASTM D2240), except that the requirements of a
1 inch sample width shall not apply. A minimum hardness of 7.0 is required as evidence
of adequate cure.
932-1.3.4 Qualified Products List: The low modulus silicone sealant
used shall be one of the products listed on the QPL. Manufacturers seeking evaluation of
their products shall submit product datasheets, performance test reports from an
independent laboratory showing the product meets the requirements of this section, an
infrared identification curve (2.5 to 15 μm) and a QPL application in accordance with
Section 6. Information on the QPL application must identify the sealant type.
932-1.3.5 Shipment: The material shall be delivered in containers plainly
marked with the manufacturer’s name or trademark product name, LOT number and date
of expiration.
932-1.3.6 Primer: When required by the manufacturer’s product, a primer
shall be used.
The manufacturer shall perform quality control tests on each LOT
of sealant primer material furnished to each project and furnish a certified report that each
LOT of primer material furnished to a project meets his company’s specifications for that
product and the primer is suitable for its intended use.
Sealant primer material shall be delivered in containers plainly
marked with the manufacturer’s name or trademark and product name, LOT number and
date of expiration.
932-1.3.7 Backer Rod and Tape Bond Breakers: Backer rods and tape
shall be compatible with the joint sealant and approved by the sealant manufacturer. No
bond or reaction shall occur between the rod and the sealant.
932-1.3.8 Installation: Installation, material selection, joint dimensions,
bond breaker suitability (by type and project) shall be in agreement with the requirements
of the Design Standards, Index Nos. 305 and 21110. Any modifications or exceptions to
these requirements shall be shown in the Plans.
For new construction projects or general use where the joints to be
sealed have uniform width, a closed cell, expanded polyethylene foam backer rod bond
breaker shall be required. For rehabilitation projects and similar joint seals where the
joints to be sealed have irregular width, an open cell, expanded polyethylene foam backer
rod bond breaker with an impervious skin shall be required.
The backer rod shall be compatible with the joint sealant. No bond
or reaction shall occur between the rod and the sealant.
Tape bond breaker approved by the sealant manufacturer may be
used in lieu of backer rod bond breaker when sealing joints and/or random cracks, as
required.
Type D Silicone sealant shall be placed when the ambient
temperature is rising and is between 55°F and 85°F and the temperature is expected to
rise for the next three hours minimum to provide to adequate joint opening and
compression of the sealant during curing.
All installed bond breakers shall be covered by sealant at the end
of each work day.
A tolerance in cross-sectional height at midpoint of minus
1/16 inches to plus 3/16 inches will be allowed to the nominal values shown for each
joint width on the plan sheet. The Engineer shall check one joint for each 1,000 feet of
roadway by cutting out specimens. If the cross section of the cut specimen is out of the
allowable range, additional specimens shall be taken as follows:
One joint every 100 feet of pavement, not to exceed 500 feet.
 If the average of the specimens is out of tolerance, the Contractor
shall remove and replace the entire 500 foot section at no additional expense to the
Department.
Installation tolerance shall be verified at 1,000 foot intervals.
932-1.4 Pre-cured Silicone Sealant:
932-1.4.1 General: Pre-cured silicone sealants are intended for sealing
vertical joints on concrete surfaces. Type V1 sealant is intended for contraction joints or
joints with movements less than 1/4 inches. Type V2 sealant is intended for expansion
joints not exceeding 200% of the nominal joint opening. Type V2 sealant may be
substituted for Type V1 sealant. The joint sealant must be listed on the QPL.
932-1.4.2 Physical Requirements: Sealant material shall be a nominal
1/16 inches thick, available in standard widths from 1 inch to 6 inches, colored to match
the finish surface coating of the concrete, and meet the following minimum testing
requirements:

TEST PROPERTY DESCRIPTION TEST METHOD TYPE V1 TYPE V2

Minimum Movement,
ASTM C1523 100% 200%
Cohesion/Adhesion
Dry/Room Temperature Loss of
ASTM C1523 None None
Adhesion/Cohesion
Water Immersion Loss of
ASTM C1523 None None
Adhesion/Cohesion
Frozen Loss of Adhesion/Cohesion ASTM C1523 None None

Heat Loss of Adhesion/Cohesion ASTM C1523 None None

Artificial Weathering Loss of
ASTM C1523 None None
Adhesion/Cohesion
NT or PT (No NT or PT
Tear or (No Tear or
Tear Propagation ASTM C1523
Partial/Knotty Partial/Knotty
Tear) Tear)
Ultimate Elongation ASTM D412 250% 500%

932-1.4.3 Qualified Products List: The pre-cured silicone sealant used

shall be one of the products listed on the QPL. Manufacturers seeking evaluation of their
product shall submit an application in accordance with Section 6. Applications must
include test results, an infrared identification curve (2.5 to 15 µm), and a product data
sheet with the recommended adhesive and installation requirements.
932-1.5 Compression Seals and Adhesive Lubricant
932-1.5.1 Preformed Elastomeric Compression Seals: Preformed
Elastomeric Compression Seals shall meet the requirements of ASTM D2628 except that
immersion oil IRM 903 may be substituted for Oil No. 3 in the Oil Swell test procedure.
 932-1.5.2 Compression Seal Adhesive Lubricant: Compression seal
adhesive lubricant shall meet the requirements of ASTM D4070. The material shall be
fluid from 5°F to 120°F (-15°C to 49°C).
932-1.5.3 Certification: The manufacturer shall provide a certified test
report for each lot of material furnished to each project along with a statement certifying
that the material conforms to this specification and identifying the project number and
manufacturer’s lot number.
932-1.5.4 Verification Samples: Provide verification samples in
accordance with Section 6.

932-2 Structure Bearing Pads.

932-2.1 General: Furnish elastomeric structure bearing pads as shown in the
Contract Documents. Elastomeric bearings as defined herein shall include plain pads
(elastomer only) and laminated bearings with steel or fabric laminates. Flash tolerance,
finish and appearance of bearings shall meet the requirements of the latest edition of the
Rubber Handbook as published by the Rubber Manufacturer’s Association, Inc. RMA-
F3-T.063 for molded bearings, and RMA-F2 for extruded bearings.
932-2.2 Materials: Use elastomer that is Grade 2 or higher, as defined in the
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, crystallization resistant, 100% virgin
polychloroprene (neoprene). Use only new materials; reclaimed material is not allowed in
the finished product. No wax, anti-ozonants, or other foreign material may accumulate or
be applied to the surfaces of the bearing. The steel layers of the laminated pads shall
utilize 10 gauge steel sheet (0.1345 inches thick). The steel utilized for the steel layers
and for external load bearing plates (if specified) shall meet the requirements of
ASTM A36 or ASTM A1011 Grade 36 Type I steel sheet. External load bearing plates
shall be finished or machined flat to within 0.01 inches. The bottom surfaces of external
load plates (masonry plates) designed to rest on bearing pads shall not exceed an out of
flatness value of 0.0625 inches. External load bearing plates shall be protected from rust
until all exposed surfaces can be field painted. Any rust inhibitor shall be removed from
all surfaces prior to welding.
932-2.3 Sampling: A sampling LOT shall consist of a maximum of 100 bearing
pads of a single type of bearing, of the same design, materials, and thickness, delivered to
the project site.
932-2.3.1 Ancillary Structure Pads: Sampling is not required and
acceptance is by certification.
932-2.3.2 Bridge Structure Pads: A minimum of two bridge bearing pads
per LOT will be selected by the Engineer at the project site- one for testing and one for
confirmation in the event of a failing test result. Samples shall consist of complete pads
as detailed in the Plans. Furnish additional complete bridge bearing pads to replace those
selected for testing. Bridge bearing pads shall be available for sampling a minimum of
three weeks prior to their installation. The sample bridge bearing pads shall be tested by
an independent laboratory approved by the Department.
932-2.4 Dimensional Tolerances: Fabricate elastomeric bearings within the
dimensional tolerances specified below or as designated in the Plans. If any of the
dimensions are outside the limits specified, the bearing pad shall be rejected.

Measurement Tolerance
 (inches)
Design thickness ≤1.25 inches -0, +0.125
1. Overall vertical dimensions
Design thickness >1.25 inches -0, +0.25
measurements ≤36 inches -0, +0.25
2. Overall horizontal dimensions
measurements >36 inches -0, +0.50
3. Thickness of individual layers of elastomer (laminated bearings
±0.125
only) at any point within the bearing
4. Variation from a plane parallel to Top (slope relative to bottom) ≤0.005 radians
the theoretical surface (as
determined by measurements at the Sides 0.25
edge of the bearings)
5. Position of exposed connection members ±0.125

6. Edge cover of embedded laminates of connection members -0, +0.125

7. Position and size of holes, slots, or inserts ±0.125

Note: If the variation in thickness of individual layers of elastomer is greater than that allowed in the tolerance for
Measurement (3) (±0.125 in.), use the following equation to determine compliance: 7.5θ + v/hr <0.35 provided θ ≤ 0.02
where θ (radians) and v (in) are absolute values of steel laminate rotation and vertical displacement. If the specified
layer elastomeric layer thickness is h r , the bearing length is L, and H 1 and H 2 are the measured maximum and
minimum thicknesses at the edges of the layer, then v=|h r -1/2(H 1 +H 2 )| and θ=|(H 1 -H 2 )/2L| for interior layers and
θ=|(H 1 -H 2 )/L| for top and bottom layers provided that the minimum elastomer layer thickness H 2 ≥0.2 in.

932-2.5 Ancillary Structures - Plain, Fiber Reinforced, or Fabric Laminated

Bearing Pads:
932-2.5.1 Plain Pads: Plain pads shall be either molded, extruded, or
vulcanized in large sheets and cut to size. Cutting shall not heat the material and shall
produce a smooth finish conforming to ANSI B46.1, 6.3 µm (0.248 mils). Plain pads
shall be molded or extruded to the finished thickness. Plying pads of lesser thickness
together shall not be permitted. External load plates, when used, shall be protected from
rusting and shall be hot bonded by vulcanization during the primary molding process.The
finished pads shall withstand a minimum uniform compressive load of 1200 psi when
tested in accordance with FM 5-598.
932-2.5.2 Fiber Reinforced or Fabric Laminated Pads: Fiber reinforced
pads shall be constructed with a homogeneous blend of elastomer and random-oriented
high strength synthetic fiber cords. Bearing pads may be molded and vulcanized in large
sheets and cut to size. Cutting shall be performed so as to prevent heating and must
produce a smooth finish conforming to ANSI B46.1.
Fabric laminated bearings shall be constructed of multiple layers of
fabric and elastomer. The fabric shall be composed of 8 ounce cotton duck and the pads
manufactured in accordance with Military Specification MIL-C-882. Ensure the fabric is
free of folds or ripples and parallel to the top and bottom surfaces.
Fiber reinforced and fabric pads shall withstand a minimum
uniform compressive load of 2,400 psi when tested in accordance with FM 5-598.
932-2.5.3 Certification: The Contractor shall provide the Engineer a
certification conforming to the requirements of Section 6 stating that the ancillary
structure pads meet the requirements of this Section and the physical and heat resistance
properties of Section 6 of FM 5-598.
932-2.6 Bridge Structures - Elastomeric Bearing Pads: Bearings with steel
laminates shall be cast as a unit in a mold and bonded and vulcanized under heat and
pressure. Bearings with steel laminates which are designed to act as a single unit with a
given shape factor must be manufactured as a single unit. The mold shall have a standard
shop practice mold finish. The internal steel laminates shall be blast cleaned to a
cleanliness that conforms to SSPC-SP6 at the time of bonding. Plates shall be free of
sharp edges and burrs and shall have a minimum edge cover of 0.25 inches. External load
plates (sole plates) shall be hot bonded to the bearing during vulcanization.
Edges of the embedded steel laminates, including the laminate restraining
devices and around holes and slots shall be covered with not less than 3/16 inches of
elastomer or the minimum edge cover specified in the Plans. All exposed laminations or
imperfections that result in less than the specified elastomer cover of any surface of the
steel laminations shall be repaired by the manufacturer at the point of manufacture. The
repair shall consist of sealing the imperfections flush on the finished pads with a bonded
vulcanized patch material compatible with the elastomeric bearing pad. Repairs
employing caulking type material or repairing the bearings in the field will not be
permitted.
932-2.6.1 Testing: Test bridge bearing pads in accordance with FM 5-
598. Laminated bridge bearings must meet a minimum compressive load of 2,400 psi and
non-laminated (plain) pads must meet a minimum compressive load of 1,200 psi. If any
properties are identified as non compliant with the criteria specified, the bearing shall be
rejected and the confirmation sample tested. If the confirmation sample test results are
also non compliant, the LOT shall be rejected.
932-2.6.2 Marking: Each elastomeric bearing pad shall be permanently
marked. The marking shall consist of the order number, LOT number, pad identification
number, elastomer type, and shear modulus or hardness (when shear modulus is not
specified). Where possible, the marking shall be on a face of the bridge bearing pad that
will be visible after erection of the structure.
932-2.6.3 Certified Test Results: For bridge bearing pads, provide a
certified copy of the independent laboratory’s complete test results for all tests specified,
properly identified by LOT and project number, to the Engineer.
932-2.6.4 Certification: The Contractor shall provide the Engineer a
certification conforming to the requirements of Section 6 stating that the bearing pads,
(plain, fiber reinforced or elastomeric) meet the requirements of this Section. The
certification shall designate the bearings in each LOT and state that each of the bearings
in the LOT was manufactured in a reasonably continuous manner from the same batch of
elastomer and cured under the same conditions.