MIS

a) Concept of MIS (Management Information System)

MIS is a system used by organizations to collect, process, store, and manage information for
decision-making, coordination, analysis, and control. It helps managers improve efficiency
and productivity.

b) What is System Approach?

The System Approach is a way of analyzing and solving problems by viewing an organization
as a system composed of interrelated parts. It focuses on inputs, processes, outputs, and
feedback to optimize overall performance.

c) What is Data?

Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts and figures that have no meaning until they are
processed into information. Example: numbers, text, or symbols stored in a computer.

d) What is PODSCORB in MIS?

PODSCORB is a management concept that represents:

• Planning

• Organizing

• Directing

• Staffing

• COordinating

• Reporting

• Budgeting
It describes the functions of management in organizations, supported by MIS for
better decision-making.

e) Concept of ESS (Executive Support System)

ESS is a specialized MIS designed for senior executives to help them make strategic
decisions. It provides summarized reports, data visualization, and dashboards with critical
business insights.

f) What is DSS (Decision Support System)?

A DSS is a computer-based system that helps in complex decision-making by analyzing large

volumes of data, simulations, and models. It assists managers in solving semi-structured
problems.
g) What is System Design?

System design is the process of defining the architecture, components, and structure of an
information system to meet business requirements. It includes both logical (data flow,
process design) and physical (hardware, software) aspects.

h) What is HRIS (Human Resource Information System)?

HRIS is a software system that helps organizations manage employee-related processes such
as payroll, recruitment, performance management, and training.

i) What do you mean by TPS (Transaction Processing System)?

TPS is a system that processes business transactions such as sales, orders, and payments in
real-time. It ensures accurate and fast processing of routine tasks in an organization.

j) What is EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)?

EDI is the electronic exchange of business documents (invoices, purchase orders) between
organizations in a standardized format, reducing paperwork and improving efficiency.

k) What is E-CRM (Electronic Customer Relationship Management)?

E-CRM is the use of digital technologies (email, websites, chatbots, AI) to manage customer
interactions, improve customer satisfaction, and enhance sales and marketing efforts.

l) What is MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)?

A MAN is a network that spans a city or a large geographical area, larger than a LAN but
smaller than a WAN. Example: A city's cable TV network.

m) What is E-Business?

E-Business (Electronic Business) involves using the internet and digital technology to conduct
business operations such as sales, marketing, customer service, and supply chain
management.

n) What is Network Topology?

Network topology is the physical or logical arrangement of devices and connections in a

network. Types include bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid topology.

o) What is MKIS (Marketing Information System)?

MKIS is a system that collects, analyzes, and distributes marketing data to help businesses
make informed marketing decisions.

Marks 12
1. 12 Different Types of E-Business Models
 1. Business-to-Business (B2B): Transactions between businesses (e.g., Alibaba).

2. Business-to-Consumer (B2C): Businesses sell directly to consumers (e.g., Amazon).

3. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C): Consumers sell to each other (e.g., eBay).

4. Consumer-to-Business (C2B): Individuals sell products/services to businesses (e.g.,

Fiverr).

5. Business-to-Government (B2G): Businesses provide goods/services to government

entities.

6. Government-to-Business (G2B): Government provides services to businesses (e.g.,

tax portals).

7. Government-to-Citizen (G2C): Government provides services to citizens (e.g., e-

Governance).

8. Dropshipping: Online sellers sell products without holding inventory (e.g., Shopify
stores).

9. Subscription-Based Model: Customers pay recurring fees for services (e.g., Netflix).

10. Affiliate Marketing Model: Businesses earn commissions by promoting other

products (e.g., influencers).

11. On-Demand Services: Customers get instant services (e.g., Uber, Airbnb).

12. Marketplace Model: A platform connects buyers and sellers (e.g., Etsy, Amazon
Marketplace).

2. Pitfalls and Advantages of MIS

Pitfalls of MIS

1. High Implementation Cost: Expensive to set up and maintain.

2. Data Security Risks: Vulnerable to cyber threats.

3. Complex System: Requires training for employees.

4. Dependence on Technology: System failure can disrupt operations.

5. Rigid Structure: May not adapt easily to business changes.

6. Data Overload: Too much information can lead to confusion.

Advantages of MIS

1. Improved Decision-Making: Provides accurate and real-time data.

 2. Enhanced Efficiency: Automates processes and reduces errors.

3. Better Data Management: Stores and organizes data systematically.

4. Competitive Advantage: Helps in strategic planning.

5. Improved Communication: Enhances information sharing across departments.

3. DBMS (Database Management System) in MIS

Definition of DBMS

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that helps store, retrieve, manage,
and manipulate data efficiently.

Benefits of DBMS

• Data Consistency & Integrity: Ensures accuracy and consistency.

• Security: Controls access to sensitive data.

• Data Backup & Recovery: Prevents data loss.

• Reduces Redundancy: Eliminates duplicate data storage.

• Scalability: Can handle growing data needs.

Applications of DBMS in MIS

1. Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Stores customer interactions.

2. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Manages business operations.

3. Inventory Management: Tracks stock levels.

4. Financial Systems: Manages transactions and reporting.

4. Difference Between Data and Information & Explanation of FIS

Feature Data Information

Definition Raw facts and figures Processed data with meaning

Example 100, 200, 300 Total sales: $600

Processing Not analyzed Processed for decision-making

FIS (Financial Information System)

A Financial Information System (FIS) is used to track financial transactions, generate reports,
and assist in financial decision-making.
Functions of FIS:

• Manages accounts, budgeting, and financial planning.

• Helps in tax calculations and compliance.

• Assists in investment decision-making.

5. Benefits of E-Commerce, Function of EDI & Explanation of ESS

Benefits of E-Commerce

• Global Reach: Sell products worldwide.

• Cost Efficiency: Reduces operational costs.

• Convenience: 24/7 shopping availability.

• Personalized Experience: AI-driven recommendations.

• Faster Transactions: Quick payment processing.

Function of EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)

• Automates business transactions.

• Reduces paperwork and errors.

• Speeds up order processing and invoicing.

• Ensures standardization in data exchange.

Explanation of ESS (Executive Support System)

• Provides high-level reports and dashboards for executives.

• Helps in long-term strategic decision-making.

• Uses data visualization tools for better insights.

6. Components of Functional Information System (FIS) (12 Marks)

Functional Information System (FIS) Components

1. Human Resource Information System (HRIS): Manages employee records, payroll,

and performance.
 2. Financial Information System (FIS): Handles accounting, budgeting, and financial
planning.

3. Marketing Information System (MKIS): Collects and analyzes customer and sales
data.

4. Manufacturing Information System (MIS): Manages production schedules and

inventory.

5. Supply Chain Management System (SCM): Tracks the flow of goods and services.

6. Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Enhances customer interactions and

satisfaction.

7. Benefits of MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) & Differences between DSS and MIS (12
Marks)

Benefits of MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

1. High-Speed Communication: Faster than LAN, supports high data transfer rates.

2. Cost-Effective: More affordable than WAN for connecting city-wide locations.

3. Improved Connectivity: Connects multiple buildings, offices, or campuses within a

city.

4. Reliable Data Transfer: Ensures stable and secure communication.

5. Better Security: Can implement local security policies.

6. Supports Multiple Services: Facilitates data, voice, and video communication.

7. Scalability: Can be expanded to accommodate more users and businesses.

Differences Between DSS (Decision Support System) and MIS (Management Information
System)

MIS (Management Information

Feature DSS (Decision Support System)
System)

Assists in decision-making for complex Manages business operations and

Purpose
problems. routine tasks.

Data Uses structured reports and

Uses analytical models and simulations.
Processing historical data.

Users Senior managers and decision-makers. Middle and operational managers.

 MIS (Management Information
Feature DSS (Decision Support System)
System)

Helps in unstructured and semi- Supports structured decision-

Decision Type
structured decisions. making.

More flexible, allows users to explore Less flexible, follows predefined

Flexibility
different scenarios. processes.

A system analyzing sales trends to A system generating daily sales

Example
predict future demand. reports.

9. Short Notes (6 Marks)

(i) E-Governance

E-Governance refers to the use of digital technology to deliver government services

efficiently to citizens, businesses, and other government agencies. It enhances transparency,
accessibility, and accountability.

Types of E-Governance:

1. G2C (Government to Citizen): Online tax filing, public service portals.

2. G2B (Government to Business): Business licensing, e-procurement.

3. G2G (Government to Government): Data sharing between agencies.

4. G2E (Government to Employees): Payroll and HR management systems.

(ii) B2G (Business-to-Government)

B2G is a type of e-commerce where businesses provide goods, services, or information to

government entities.

Examples of B2G transactions:

• IT services for government projects.

• Infrastructure development (e.g., road construction contracts).

• Supplying office equipment to government offices.

• Government tenders and procurement.

(iii) E-Payment (Electronic Payment)

E-Payment is the process of making transactions digitally, eliminating the need for cash or
checks.

Types of E-Payments:

1. Credit/Debit Cards: Most common online payment method.

2. E-Wallets: Digital wallets like PayPal, Google Pay.

3. UPI (Unified Payments Interface): Fast and secure bank-to-bank transfers.

4. Cryptocurrency Payments: Payments using digital currencies like Bitcoin.

5. Net Banking: Online banking portals for transactions.

Benefits of E-Payment:

• Fast and convenient transactions.

• Secure and reduces fraud risks.

• Eliminates the need for physical cash handling.