International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 50 Number 2 August 2017

A Review of Micro-strip Patch antenna for

UWB Frequency Range
Piush Kumar Sharma#1, Mrinali Sharma#2, Pramod Singh*3
#1, #2
Student of M.Tech., *3Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics and Communication, MIET, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract- According to the antenna theory, the main micro-strip antenna it is accessible to form large
advantage of micro strip patch antennas (MPA) are arrays with half wavelength or miner spacing [2].
low profile, applicable to planar and non planar
surfaces, uncomplicated and cheap to fabricate using Over all these advantages of micro-strip patch
current printed circuit technology. Therefore in this antenna, some limitations are also mentioned like
modern era micro strip patch antenna widely use in their efficiency and power is low, polarization purity
communication accessories. In this paper survey of is poor, scan performance is also poor, fake feed
some previous years shows that the various antenna radiation and very narrow frequency bandwidth is
design methods for ultra wideband range like edge also the limitation of micro-strip patch antenna [1].
tapering slot cutting U-shape, DGS based micro strip
Ultra-wide band is a developing technology because
patch antennas, patch antenna with partial ground
it has some exclusively interesting characteristics
plane, parasitic patch antenna, fractal antenna and
which directly connect the scientist and researchers
reconfigurable antennas. According to the presented
with many fields of wireless communication such as
study of these antennas for UWB range regulated on
radar technology, medical engineering and other
single band, double band and multi band frequencies.
military uses. But in February 2002 the Federal
Keywords: Ultra Wide Band, DGS, CPW feed, Communications Commission (FCC) is announcing
Micro strip patch antenna (MPA), edge tapering, the unlicensed use of ultra wideband in the frequency
parasitic patch, fractal antenna. range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for commercial uses
which makes it easily achievable for every people
I. INTRODUCTION and it is beneficial by their useful applications like
Wi-Fi, WiMax, Bluetooth etc. UWB is a short range,
Since 1970s the micro-strip antenna in use, primarily low energy level radio frequency which able to
it is used for in space technologies [1]. But over the transfer data from host device to other up to 10m or
last few years the micro-strip patch antenna is a topic 30 feet [5]. In this paper the author reviewed some
of intense investigation because this technology has antenna designs which working in UWB range.
many advantages and better future aspects [3]. Some
popular advantages of these types of antennas are II. LITRATURE SURVEY
light weight, smaller size and its lesser volume.
These antennas can be easily molded to any desired In [6] proposed a micro strip reception apparatus has
structure and easily linked to any host surface a curved shape slot with U-shape opening expelling
because of their conformal structures of low profile from this patch. In this design of micro-strip antenna
planar configuration. Similarly we can say that their partial ground is used. The proposed antenna in this
construction processes are very simple, production of paper is straightforward and minimal in measure
these antennas also so simple and easy, and the major giving broadband impedance coordinating. The
advantage of MPA is low cost. The fabrication whole antenna measure is 44×44×1.6 as appeared in
process of micro-strip patch antenna is suitable with fig. (1). By cutting a space in the patch of U-shape
MMIC (microwave monolithic integrated circuit) and gives the coveted focus indent recurrence of 5.5 GHz
OEIC (optoelectronic integrated circuit) technologies. as appeared in fig.(2)
These types of antennas are efficient with single,
A space of half wavelength can be given as a
dual, triple and multi frequency operations. By using
resonator, due to noticeable all around areas of the

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 50 Number 2 August 2017

opening, at the half guided wavelength interim the space on the ground plane accomplishes the indent
attractive field lines make bend and come back to the groups on return misfortune and VSWR plots for
space locale. maintaining a strategic distance from electromagnetic
obstruction (EMI).
Along these lines to produce a reverberation at a
coveted recurrence, the genuine length of the space
ought to be moderately equivalent to the half of the
guided wavelength for the given score recurrence.
Thus in this paper a UWB antenna is available with
band dismissal at WLAN frequencies. The proposed
antenna manufactured on the electromagnetic
programming IE3D utilizing FR4 epoxy substrate
with the thickness of 1.6mm.

Fig (3) Top perspective of proposed antenna [8]

Fig (1) visualization of antenna [6]

Fig (2) VSWR plot [6]

Fig (4) Bottom perspective of proposed antenna [8]
In the design paper [8] an absconded ground structure
is introduced for the recurrence extend 1.5 GHz to
10.5 GHz. In this outline the entire UWB go is
secured aside from ISM band. By cutting a U-shape

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 50 Number 2 August 2017

.
Fig (6) iteration steps from i = 0 to i = 4 [9]

Side length of the turned square is found from the

eqn. (1) i.e. A=13mm. handle proceed till the fourth
cycle. The outlining of every one of the four cycles is
appeared in the fig(5). General size of the proposed
radio wire is 32mm×32mm×1.6mm with utilizing the
dielectric material FR4 with relative permittivity
Fig (5) Return Loss plot of proposed antenna [8]
Ɛ=4.4.
The proposed design in this paper exist brief sized
micro-strip line fed patch antenna having width
Wg=16mm and length of this antenna is
Lg=12.45mm. This structure demonstrate the huge
data transfer capacity improvement. Proposed
antenna reproductions are finished utilizing Anasoft
HFSS and the outcomes are confirmed through
estimations. Because of the utilization of DGS and
UWB extend is separated in four recurrence groups
with four reverberation frequencies: 1.8 GHz, 4.19
GHz, 6.7 GHz, and 9.5 GHz. These groups have
tasteful transfer speeds and impedance with different
applications is likewise maintained a strategic
distance.
Fig (7) VSWR measurements of 0th to 4th iteration [9]
Now review a new antenna shape on fractal geometry
using co-planar waveguide feed for UWB frequency
ranges [9]. In this design of antenna used a slotted
circular shape for patch, it is iterated utilizing fractal
geometry that shows a more extensive transmission
capacity and lessened return misfortune. Data
transmission of proposed antenna is extended
utilizing ground plate alteration and external round
span tuning systems. The information impedance of
this antenna is 50Ω and seeing as omni-directional
example
The circular shape in this antenna having the span of
9.5mm is delineated by the square of 13mm*13mm.
the carved square pivoted by the 45° degree and
subtracted from the circle and square assessed by the
accompanying recipe.

R(i), A(i); for i= 1,2,3,4,…n Fig (8) Return loss plot for iterations [9]
A(i)=√2*R(𝑖)2 …………(eqn.1)
R(i)=A(i)/2 ……….....(eqn.2)
Above both figures shows the VSWR and Return loss
plot simultaneously of the proposed fractal antenna
Here R= span of the circle for 5 iterations.
A= side length of the square
I = number of iterations Now discuss another antenna design research paper
[10] for reconfigurable antenna with defected ground

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 50 Number 2 August 2017

structure for ultra wide band utilization. In this CST software when the all switches of antenna are
reconfigurable design the bandwidth of composed off [10] .
antenna is increased by defected ground structure.
Interesting part of this design is the resonant
frequency which can be reconfigured into four
different fashions. This reduced antenna can cover
the recurrence band or 3 to 22 GHz, it can be
likewise play out the operation of expulsion
recurrence band or stop band in various styles.
Occupy the method of antenna is finished by the
three stick diode switches that are set in ground
plane. In the accompanying fig.(9) demonstrates the Fig (10b)
geometry of proposed antenna.
Fig (10b) shows the return loss of antenna when both
the switches (switch 1 and switch 2) are off and the
remaining switch 3 is on [10].

Fig (10c)

Fig (9) Antenna structure [10] The return loss plot in fig.(10c) when only switch 2 is
off and remaining switch 1and 3 are on [10].
This antenna is simulated and analyzed by using the
Anasoft HFSS Software and also find S parameters
with the same. To verify the results of the same
antenna parameters the CST microwave Studio
Software is used.

Return loss of this antenna shown in the following

fig.(10a), (10b) and (10c) with different modes

Fig.(10d)

The return loss plot in fig.(10d) when only switch

one is off and switch 2 and 3 are on [10].

This compact design of microstrip patch antenna

Fig (10a) shows the increased bandwidth after using defected
ground structure because by using the DGS technique
Fig.(10a) shows the simulation result of return loss author achieve enhanced bandwidth without
and frequency pattern measured by both HFSS and increasing the overall size of antenna.

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 50 Number 2 August 2017

Another study of partial ground structure with slot

cut in patch is presented in [11]. This design is also
provides a filtering property to avoid the coexisting
issue between ultra wide band system and other
narrowband systems. The band stop function of this
antenna is successfully remove frequency band of
wireless area network (WLAN). An altered H shape
slot is inserting in the patch of antenna to provide the
stop band from 5.15GHz to 5.85GHz. Fig.(11) shows
the geometry of this antenna.

Fig (12) Return Loss plot [11]

Now discuss another UWB antenna technology, it is

presented in [13] it is a microstrip patch antenna
technology using defected ground structure and
parasitic spilt ring. In this paper author presented a
new method of broadening the impedance axial ratio
bandwidth of circularly polarized microstrip
antennas. The design aspect of this antenna is
presented in the fig.(12).

III. TABLE 1
Fig (11) Front view of antenna [11] The dimensions of the antenna

Dimensions of above geometry of antenna is define Dimension g w c f S

as L=21mm, W=23.5mm, Lh =8.6mm, Wh=4.7 and mm 35 16.7 3.3 4.2 1.2
t=0.5mm.
Dimension L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Fig.(12) shows the return loss of this antenna, mm 4 4 5.4 13.5 0.5
according to this return loss plot the minimum return
loss is about -28dB at the frequency 4.5GHz and the Dimension h m D Z1 Z2
entire frequency range of this antenna is start from mm 3.18 12.2 4.2 1.2 1.5
2.6GHz to 10.8GHz with the stop band from
5.15GHz to 5.85GHz. Antenna covers the ultra
wideband range successfully and it is useful for the In this design of antenna the parasitic patch is used
numerous UWB applications. It is able to reduce the for improving bandwidth of microstrip antenna
coexisting issue between UWB and WLAN services.

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 50 Number 2 August 2017

IV. TABLE 2

Summary of literature survey

S. Proposed Techniqu Remarks

No. Antenna e
Applied
1 A planar Eliminate To enhance the
Microstrip- U-shape bandwidth of
Line Fed slot from antenna without
Elliptical UWB the increment in the
5.2 GHz/5.8 radiating size of antenna
GHz Notch patch
Antenna With
U-Shaped Slot

2 Design of Ultra Defected a U-shape slot on

Wideband ground the ground plane
Antenna with structure achieves the three
Fig.(12a) front view of antenna [13] Triple Band technique notch bands on
Notch for is applied return loss and
Minimum EMI VSWR plots for
avoiding EMI
3 Design of a antenna Achieve wider
Microstrip used a bandwidth and
Fractal Patch slotted reduced return loss.
Antenna for circular
UWB shape for
Applications patch
using
fractal
geometry
4 Design of Reconfigu the bandwidth of
Compact rable composed antenna
Frequency technique is increased by
Reconfigurable is used defected ground
Antenna with structure by
DGS for UWB different switches
Fig (12b) bottom view of antenna Apps.
S. Proposed Techniqu Remarks
Fig.(12a) and fig.(12b) shows the front and back No. Antenna e
views of this antenna. Applied

and defected ground structure is used for to minimize 5 A Compact This is a WLAN band
the size of the antenna. The major achievement of Rectangular monopole rejection is achieve
Patch Ultra antenna to avoid coexisting
this antenna is the -10dB impedance bandwidth is
Wideband issue
improved from 4.12% to 6.26% in simulation and Antenna with
from 4.02% to 5.69% in measurement. The 3dB WLAN Band-
axial-ratio bandwidth are achieved in simulation is Rejection
6 Square Combinati Improved axial
improved from 1.02% to 1.53%.
Monopole on of ratio of bandwidth
Antenna for DGS and is achieve
The method is described in this paper is simple in Ultra Wide parasitic
design and better in performance. Band patch
Communicatio
n Applications

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 50 Number 2 August 2017

V. CONLUSION Wide Band Communication Applications” J. of

Electromagn. Waves and Appl., Vol. 21, No. 11, 1525–
1537, 2007
This paper shows the review and literature survey of
[13] J.S. Park, J.H. Kim, J.H. Lee, and S.H. Kim, and S.H.
techniques and design of the microstrip patch antenna Myung, “A novel equivalent circuit and modeling
for ultra wide band frequency range. By adopting one method for defected ground structure and its application
of any technique of designing antenna some of to optimization of a DGS lowpass filter”, IEEE MTT-S
disadvantages or limitations of conventional Int Dig (2002), Seattle, WA, 417–420.
microstrip characteristics is improved. All discussed [14] L. Wen Tao and S. Xiao Wei, and Y. Qiang Hei,
antennas is work for UWB and after this work “Novel planar UWB monopole antenna with triple
author feels that further research and more work is band-notched characteristics”, IEEE Antennas Wireless
needed in these areas. Design of microstrip patch Propag Lett 8 (2009)
antenna has been reviewed in this paper based on [15] J. R. Kelly, P. S. Hall, and P. Gardner, "Band-Notched
HFSS, CST Microwave and IE3D software. UWB Antenna Incorporating a Microstrip Open-Loop
Resonator," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, vol. 59, pp. 3045 - 3048, 2011.
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Ojaroudi, “A Novel Design of Reconfigurable Slot
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