FACULTY: HUMANITIES

DEPARTMENT:
TECHNOLOGY AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

STUDY GUIDE

SUBJECT: ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AND DESIGN 2

SUBJECT CODE: FGD206P

COMPILED BY: DR T.I MTSHALI

REVISED: 2024

Copyright reserved by Tshwane University of Technology

TVE DEPARTMENT 2024 0 TUT

 CONTENTS
PAGE

A. ORGANISATIONAL COMPONENT .................................................................. 1

1. HOW TO USE THE MANUAL ............................................................................ 1
2. FACULTY OF HUMANITIES ............................................................................. 1
3. DEPARTMENT MST EDUCATION.................................................................... 1
4. INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMME ..................................................................... 1
5. INSTRUCTIONAL OFFERING .......................................................................... 1
6. INFORMATION ABOUT THE LECTURER ........................................................ 1
7. INFORMATION ABOUT THE COURSE ............................................................ 1
8. BOOKS .............................................................................................................. 2
8.1 Prescribed books ............................................................................................... 2
8.2 Recommended books and reading .................................................................... 2
9. STATIONERY AND DRAWING EQUIPMENT REQUIRED ............................... 2
10. PUNCTUALITY .................................................................................................. 3
10.1 Internal arrangement.......................................................................................... 3
11. ABSENTEEISM ................................................................................................. 3
12. ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................. 3
12.1 Evaluation .......................................................................................................... 3
12.2 Re-examination .................................................................................................. 3
13. TEST DATES ..................................................................................................... 4
14. ASSIGNMENTS DATES .................................................................................... 4
15. TIME TABLE ...................................................................................................... 4
16. CAD TIME TABLE ............................................................................................. 4
B. LEARNING COMPONENT: ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AND DESIGN ....... 5
1. AIMS OF INSTRUCTIONAL OFFERING ........................................................... 5
1.1 The general subject aims of Graphics................................................................ 5
1.2 The general subject aims of Graphics................................................................ 5
2. OUTCOMES FOR GRAPHICS .......................................................................... 5
2.1 Critical outcomes ............................................................................................... 5
2.2 Specific outcomes .............................................................................................. 6
2.3 Developmental outcomes .................................................................................. 6
2.4 Outcomes-based education ............................................................................... 6
3. SUBJECT STRUCTURE ................................................................................... 7
3.1 Particular objectives ........................................................................................... 7
4. LEARNING OUTCOMES ................................................................................... 8
4.1.1 Use of SABS code of practice (latest edition) to all drawings through the
appropriate use of conventions .......................................................................... 9
4.1.2 Fundamentals of Engineering Graphics ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3 Projection theory ................................................................................................ 9
4.1.4 Mechanical drawings ......................................................................................... 9
4.1.5 Civil drawings .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.0
4.1.6 Electrical drawings ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.0
4.1.7 The design process
…………………………………………………………………...10
4.2.1 COMPUTER AIDED DRAWINGS ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

TVE DEPARTMENT 2024 1 TUT

A. ORGANISATIONAL COMPONENT
1. HOW TO USE THE MANUAL

The manual consists of two sections. The organizational component provides

the learner with information regarding the instructional programme, offering,
prescribed books, requirements and assessment.

The second component, the study component, provides the student with an
overall picture of the entire programme. This component deals mainly with the
subject content. The subject content is subdivided into syllabus themes, sub-
themes and topics. The aims of Engineering Graphics and Design as well as
the critical and specific outcomes are given to improve your study.

2. FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

2.1 Dean: Prof Maserumule

3. DEPARTMENT TECHNOLOGY AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

3.1 Head: Dr NM Skosana

4. INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMME

B.Ed: FET TECHNOLOGY

5. INSTRUCTIONAL OFFERING

Engineering Graphics and Design 2

Subject code: FGD206P

6. INFORMATION ABOUT THE LECTURER

6.1 Name : Dr T.I MTSHALI

6.2 Lecturer’s office : Soshanguve North campus
6.3 Consulting times : MONDAY-WEDNESDAY
10am – 3pm (building 4-G34)_

7. INFORMATION ABOUT THE COURSE

7.1 Duration of course : 2 semesters (1 year)

7.2 Examinations written: November
7.3 Lecture room : Drawing class

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8. BOOKS

8.1 Prescribed books

8.1.1 Engelbrecht, J. 2006. Engineering Graphics & Design for the Senior Secondary
Phase. ISBN: 0-9802521-4-8 Publisher: HSE cc

8.1.2 SABS. Code of Practice for Engineering Drawing. SABS 0111

Part 1 – 1993. Part 1: General Principles.
Publisher: The Council of the South African Bureau of Standards

8.2 Recommended books and reading

8.2.1 Brink, CG, Et al. 2002. (Latest Edition) Engineering Drawing: N1, N2, N3, N4
ISBN: 1868531333. Publisher: Heinemann

8.2.2 V.D. Heever, ZJ Modern Technical Drawing, St 8 & 9 & 10 (HG & SG)
ISBN: 0947032049 & 0947031170 & 0947031227. Publisher: ZACHEN

8.2.3 Hilton, Frank Building Geometry and Drawing

ISBN: 0 – 582 – 41079 – 7. Publisher: Longman – Scientific & Technical

8.2.4 Boundy, A.W. Technical Drawing an Australian course in Graphics

Third Edition. ISBN: 0074526685. Publisher: Mc Graw-Hill

9. STATIONERY AND DRAWING EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

• Any suitable pen, pencil, eraser and file for filing notes, hand-outs, etc.
• A note-book (for taking notes during lectures).
• Notes and hand-outs will be provided.
• Get guidance from the lecturer before you buy any of the following
compulsory drawing equipment:
▪ Clutch pencil – 0,5mm. (Metal jaws)
▪ Leads – 2H. (0,5mm)
▪ Eraser
▪ Scale ruler
▪ Compass and extension with adaptors
▪ Adaptors must fit. (0,5mm)
▪ Both knee joints
▪ Divider (+ 14cm) OR a complete compass set.
▪ T-Square. (+ 70cm)
▪ Protractor 1800 (+ 10cm)
▪ Masking tape
▪ Duster
▪ Stencils
▪ Erasing shield
▪ Cleaning pad
▪ Flexi or French curves
▪ Drawing board

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10. PUNCTUALITY

Be punctual for all lectures especially when tests are to be written.

10.1 Internal arrangement

Wait for your lecturer for 15 minutes after the commencement of a lecture. If
he does not arrive you may leave. The lecturer will apply the same rule when
waiting for students.

11. ABSENTEEISM

Refer to the 80% attendance rule in the agreement which you signed during
registration. If you are absent, please attempt to let your lecturer have a note
or medical certificate explaining your absence.

Should a student be absent while tests or exams are written the onus rests on
the student to arrange with the lecturer for a supplementary test.
Supplementaries must be written within one week of return to the campus.

Only medical certificates will enable a student to write the supplementary test
or exam. All tests must be written and assignments must be given in on time.

12. ASSESSMENT

The assessment of a student will be based on the performance of the student

which will include learning activities such as drawing projects, assignments,
tests and the year-end examinations. The examination consists of one
theoretical paper of 4 hours.

12.1 Evaluation

The promotion mark will be complied as follows:

i. A year mark based on tests and assignments totaling 100%.

ii. A written internal examination of 4 hours totaling 100%.
iii. See student rule book for more information.

12.2 Re-examination

A candidate will qualify for a re-examination when a final mark of between

45% - 49% is obtained. Candidates must obtain 50% examination mark in the
re-exam in order to pass. Irrespective of the examination mark, a final mark of
50% will be noted in order to pass.

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13. TEST DATES

MARCH___

JUNE ____

AUGUST __

OCTOBER

14. ASSIGNMENTS DATES

FEBRUARY ___

APRIL _____

JUNE ___

AUGUST _

15. TIME TABLE

Will be handed out.

16. CAD TIME TABLE

Will be handed out.

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B. LEARNING COMPONENT: ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
AND DESIGN
DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AND DESIGN : Graphics is the
integration of cognitive and manipulative skills used to design and
communicate graphically. It is a combination of lines, symbols and signs used
to render services and design processes and systems that contribute towards
economic growth and enhanced quality of life.

1. AIMS OF INSTRUCTIONAL OFFERING

1.1 The general subject aims of Engineering Graphics and Design , popular
known as Graphics.

The presentation of Graphics is in the first instance an educational matter.

This educational aim acknowledges the need of the pupil, the needs of society
and the unique nature of the subject, as well as representing the values,
requirements and ideals of the specific community.

1.2 The general subject aims of Graphics

The unique nature of Graphics becomes known through the teaching on the
grounds of three aspects:

1.2.2.1 Graphical design. (Distinguish between language description and

analytical design)
1.2.1.2 Graphical communication. (Universal language)
1.2.1.3 Visualization. (Plane and spatial insight)

Knowledge of and competence in the above-mentioned three aspects,

enable the learners to:

1.2.2.1 Reading a drawing

1.2.2.2 Interpret certain information derived from the drawing
1.2.2.3 Represent the ideas graphically

2. OUTCOMES FOR GRAPHICS

2.1 Critical outcomes

Learners will:
• Identify and solve problems and make decisions using critical and
creative thinking.
• Working effectively with others as members of a team, group,
organization and community.
• Organize and manage themselves and their activities responsibly and
effectively.

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 • Collect, analyse, organize and critically evaluate information.
• Communicate effectively using visual, symbolic, and/or language skills
in various modes.
• Use science and technology effectively and critically showing
responsibility towards the environments and the health of others.
• Demonstrate and understanding of the world as a set of related
systems by recognizing that problem solving context do not exist in
isolation.

2.2 Specific outcomes

Learners will:
• Understand and apply the graphical process to solve problems and
satisfy needs and wants.
• Apply a range of technological knowledge and skills ethically and
responsibly.
• Access, process and use data for graphical purposes.
• Select and evaluate products and systems.
• Demonstrate and understanding of how different societies create and
adapt graphical solutions to particular problems.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of graphics.
• Demonstrate an understanding of how graphics might reflect different
biases, and create responsible and ethical to address them.

2.3 Developmental outcomes

• Reflect on and explore a variety of strategies to learn more effectively

• Participate as responsible citizens in the life of local, national and global
communities;
• Be culturally and aesthetically sensitive across a range of social
contexts;
• Explore education and career opportunities; and
• Develop entrepreneurial opportunities.

2.4 Outcomes-based education

2.4.1 The national curriculum statement builds its learning outcomes for Grades 10-
12 on the Critical and Development Outcomes that were inspired by the
Constitution and developed through a democratic process. Outcomes-based
education involves the application of the following four principles:

❖ Clarity of focus
❖ High expectations
❖ Expanded opportunities
❖ Design down

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2.4.2 High knowledge and high skills

The NCS for Engineering Graphics and Design aims to develop a high level of
knowledge and skills for all learners, including those learners with special
educational needs. It will expose learners to the relevant knowledge and skills
taking cognizance of the following outcomes:

❖ To understand the social contribution of Engineering Graphics and

Design with regard to economic growth, entrepreneurship,
sustainability, and as a tool for change, improving the quality of life and
providing solutions that are responsive to needs.
❖ Identify and solve problems in the Engineering Graphics and Design
environment.
❖ Use critical and creative thinking, in order to develop the creative
potential of learners.
❖ Communicate effectively using verbal, written, visual, graphical
communication and mathematical skills as applied to Engineering
Graphics and Design.
❖ Organize and manage activities responsibly and effectively,
❖ Collect, analyse, organize and critically evaluate relevant information,
❖ Use science and technology effectively and critically.
❖ Show responsibility towards the environment and the rights and health
of others with particular reference to managing the impact of
Engineering Graphics and Design on natural resources, cultural values
and socio-economic development, and
❖ Demonstrate an understanding of the ethical considerations, values
and attitudes, which relate to Engineering Graphics and Design.

3. SUBJECT STRUCTURE

3.1 Particular objectives

The learning objectives described in the syllabuses, aim at reading and

drawing of simple scale drawings. The following four main functions enclose
the total content structure:

3.1.1 Basic insight necessary for plane and space representations (visualizing)

3.1.1.1 Observation:
The aim is to enable the learners to discover the principles of form
perception by means of sensory perception.

3.1.1.2 Projection:
The aim is to the let the learner learn methods which will enable him to
make graphical representations (2–dimensional) of objects (3-
dimensional) which he observes.

3.1.2 Basic skills required in drawing

3.1.2.1 Freehand sketching:

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 The aim is to enable the learner to make freehand sketches of objects
which he observes.

3.1.2.2 Line work with instruments:

The aim is to let the learner learn the aids and the methods of using
instruments to draw or construct the objects which he observes.

4. LEARNING OUTCOMES

The four learning outcomes in Engineering Graphics and Design are

interrelated, and should be integrated so that they are not dealt with in
isolation.

Learning outcome 1: Technology, society and the environment

The learner is able to demonstrate an awareness and understanding of the

inter-relationship between Engineering Graphics and Design, Society and the
Environment.

In this learning outcome, learners must understand the impact of Engineering

Graphics and Design on natural resources, cultural values, socio-economic
development, including indigenous knowledge systems. It also seeks to create
awareness in learners about safety, fairness and equal access to
employment, services and further study.

Learning outcome 2: Design process

In this learning outcome, learners develop the skill to be able to solve Civil,
Electrical and mechanical design problems graphically and analytically.

Learning outcome 3: Knowledge and understanding

The learning is able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the

principles and concepts of graphic communications within the context of Civil,
Electrical and Mechanical Technologies.

In this Learning Outcome, learners must show that they understand various
Codes of practice and theory related to CAD, methods of projections in the
context of Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Technologies.

Learning outcome 4: Application of knowledge

The learner is able to demonstrate the application of engineering graphic skills

and techniques across a range of disciplines effectively.

In this learning outcome, learners apply cognitive and manipulative skills to

create drawings. The specific skills associated with producing freehand,
instrument and CAD drawings must be used when developing drawing
techniques.

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4.1 Module content: (Hand & Instrument Drawings)

NB: Look at Environmental Impact on all the work you do!!

4.1.1 Mechanical drawings (10 hours of instruction)

• Third angle orthographic drawings (sectional / non sectional)
• Full sectional(revision), half section and part sectional views of complex
castings
• Assembly
• Dimensioning, symbols, hidden details and hatching
• Hexagonal bolts, nuts, lock nuts, washers, spacers and keys
• Labelling and rubric understanding
• Basic welding and machining drawings and symbols
• Conventional representation of common features

4.1.2 Isometric drawings (10 hours of instruction)

• Simple isometric drawings
• Simple isometric and non-isometric lines
• Auxiliary views
• Circles

4.1.3 Perspective drawings (10 hours of instruction)

• Two-point perspective drawings

o Dwellings
o Civil structures
o Simple casting
o HL, SP and PP

4.1.4 Civil drawings (this will include electric drawings) – (14 hours of instruction)
• Annotations and labels
• Single storey dwellings (FAOP)
• Floor plans
• Elevations
• Foundations and slabs
• Annotation
• Labelling
• Dimensions
• Conventions
• Scales
• Hatching details
• Perimetres and floor areas
• Electric features and connections in a house dwelling

4.1.5 Solid geometry (12 hours of instruction)

• Right-regular solids
• Perpendicular axis

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 • Parallel axis
• Inclined to one principal projection
• True shape of the cut surface
• Sectional views
• True inclination
• True length
• Points and segment of first angle orthographic views

4.1.6 Interpenetration and development (solids) (12 hours of instruction)

• FAO views showing curve of interpenetration.

• Two solids or pipes joined at 30, 45, 60 or 90 degrees
• Regular geometrical prisms or cylinders
• Symmetrical curves (interpenetration)
• Surface development

4.1.7 Developments (transition pieces) - (9 hours of instruction)

• Interpenetrating solids or pipes
• Containers
• Hoppers
• Truncated pyramids and cones
• Simple transition pieces

4.1.6 Loci (Helix and cams) (15 hours of instruction)

• Single-line augers
• Coil springs
• Square thread
• Single start
• Right-handed or left-handed start
• Cam shaft and follower detail
• Displacement graph
• Cam profile
• Followers and direction of motion

4.1.7 The Design process: Practical project

✓ Apply the design process to the civil, electrical and mechanical technologies.

✓ From a given DESIGN BRIEF: (The DESIGN BRIEF and RUBRIC must be
given to the LEARNER at the start of the PAT)

✓ Design according to given Specifications/Restrictions a Practical

Assessment Task.

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 ✓ Provide evidence that consideration was given to Environmental Issues and
that the influence of Indigenous Knowledge Systems was considered.

✓ Adequate Research/Investigation needs to be included.

✓ Concepts Sketches need to be discussed and evaluated.

✓ Discuss and give a report on Entrepreneurial Activities that could be

developed.

✓ Drawings must include the following:

• Annotations, dimensions and scale.
• A final working drawing with all necessary constructions and calculations.
• All drawings must comply with the relevant and latest SANS code of practice.

The Design Brief/Rubric needs to be included in the PAT.

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