Unit I

Digital Fundamentals
Number System
 Contents
What is Number System?

History of Number systems

Types of Number systems

Number System Representation

Conversion of Number system

* Decimal to other System conversion
 Number System

Number System: It is a language of

digital system consisting of an ordered
set of symbols called as digits with rules
defined for addition, subtraction and
other mathematical operation.
Ancient Number System
Egyptian Number System
Modern Number System
Types of number system
Number
Base Digits Application
System

Binary 2 0 , 1 Computer

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, every day

Decimal 10
9 eg:money,weigh
t
Unix
Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
programming
Hexa 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, Memory
16
Decimal 9,A,B,C,D,E,F address

Base or Radix : Specifies the symbols used

for corresponding number system.
 Number System Representation

*Decimal Number 10^2 10^1 10^0 10^-1 10^-2 10^-3

Eg:(289)10

*Binary Number 2^2 2^1 2^0 2^-1 2^-2 2^-3

Eg:(1011)2
*Octal Number 8^2 8^1 8^0 8^-1 8^-2 8^-3

Eg:(157)8
*HexaDecimal Number 16^2 16^1 16^0 16^-1 16^-2 16^-3
Eg:(FA2)16
Number System conversion
Decimal to other number system
* Decimal to binary:
1) Convert the decimal number (84)10 to
binary.
2 84
2 42- 0 Answer
2 21 - 0 (1010100)2
2 10 - 1
2 5 - 0
2 2 - 1
2 1 - 0
Number System conversion
Decimal to other number system
* Decimal to binary:
2) Convert the decimal number (75)10 to
binary.
2 75
2 37 - 1 Answer
2 18 - 1 (1001011)2
HW:(172)10 2 9 - 0
10101100
2 4 - 1
2 2 - 0
2 1 - 0
Number System conversion
Decimal to other number system
* Decimal to binary:
3) Convert the decimal number (53.625)10
to binary.
2 53
0.625 x 2 = 1.25 2 26 - 1 Answer
0.25 x 2 = 0.5 2 13 - 0 (110101.1010)2
0.5 x 2 = 1.0
0 x 2 = 0 2 6 - 1
2 3 - 0
HW: (389.724)10 2 1 - 1
(110000101.1011)2
Number System conversion
Decimal to other number system
* Decimal to Octal:
1) Convert the decimal number (444)10
to octal.
8 444
8 55 - 4 Answer
8 6 - 7 (674)8

HW: (588)10
(1114)8
Number System conversion
Decimal to other number system
* Decimal to Octal:
2) Convert the decimal number
(444.456)10 to octal.
8 444
8 55 - 4 Answer
0.456 x 8 = 3.648
0.648 x 8 = 5.184 8 6 - 7 (674.3513)8
0.184 x 8 = 1.472
0.472 x 8 = 3.776
HW: (389.724)10
(605.5625)8
Number System conversion
Decimal to other number system
* Decimal to HexaDecimal:
1) Convert the decimal number (115)10 to
octal.
16 115
16 7 - 3 Answer
(73)16

HW: (235)10
(EB)16
Binary to other number system:
* Binary to decimal number system:
1) Convert the binary number (10110)2 to
decimal.
1 0 1 1 0
0x2^0 = 0
1x2^1 = 2
Answer 1x2^2 = 4
(22)10
0x2^3 = 0
1x2^4 = 16
HW:(1001011)2 22
(75)10
 Binary to other number system:
* Binary to decimal number system:
2) Convert the binary number (10111.1101)2 to decimal.

1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
1x2^0 = 1 1x2^-4 = 0.0625

1x2^1 = 2 0x2^-3 = 0

1x2^2 = 4 1x2^-2 = 0.25

0x2^3 = 0 1x2^-1 = 0.5

1x2^4 = 16 0.8125

HW:(11111.11110)2 23 Answer
(31.93)10
(23.8125)10
 Binary to other number system:
* Binary to octal number system:

1) Convert the binary number

(001010111.001111)2 to octal. Octal Binary
001 010 111 . 001 111 0 ooo
1 oo1
1 2 7. 1 7
2 o10
Ans:(127.17)8
3 o11

2) Convert the binary number 4 100

(01011.1101)2 to octal. 5 101
001 011 . 110 100 6 110
1 3 . 6 4 7 111

Ans:(13.64)8
HW:(11111.11110)2
(37.74)8
 Binary to other number system:
Hexa Binary
* Binary to hex number system: 0 0ooo
1 0oo1
1) Convert the binary number 2 0o10
(01010111.00111101)2 to 3 0o11

Hexadecimal. 4 o100
5 o101
0101 0111 . 0011 11o1
6 o110

5 7 . 3 D 7 o111
8 1000
Ans:(57.3D)16 9 1001
A 1o1o
2) Convert the binary number B 1o11

(101011.1101110)2 to C 1100

hexadecimal. D 11o1

0010 1011 . 1101 1100 E 1110

F 1111
2 B . D C
Ans:(2B.DC)16 HW:(01011111.1110010)2
(5F.E4)16
Octal to other number system:
* octal to decimal number system:
1) Convert the octal number (705)8 to
decimal.
7 0 5
5x8^0 = 5
0x8^1 = 0
Answer 7x8^2 = 448
(453)8
453

HW:(376)8
 Octal to other number system:
* octal to decimal number system:
1) Convert the octal number (377.21)8 to
decimal.
2 1
3 7 7
1x8^-2 = 0.0156
7x8^0 = 7
2x8^-1= 0.25
7x8^1 = 56
0.2656
3x8^1 = 192
Answer
255 (255.2656)10
HW:(456.66)8
 Octal to other number system:
* octal to binary number system:

1) Convert the octal number (705)8

to binary. Octal Binary
7 0 5 0 ooo
1 oo1
111 000 101
2 o10
Ans:(111000101)2
3 o11

2) Convert the octal number 4 100

(13.64)8 to binary. 5 101

1 3 . 6 4 6 110
7 111
001 011 . 110 100

Ans:(001011.110100)2
HW:(845.767)8
 Octal to other number system:
Hexa Binary
* octal to hex number system: 0 0ooo
1) Convert the octal number (47.32)8 1 0oo1
to Hexadecimal. 2 0o10

4 7 . 3 2 3 0o11
4 o100
100 111 . 011 010
5 o101

00100 111 . 011 010OO 6 o110

7 o111
Ans:(27.68)16
8 1000
9 1001
2) Convert the binary number (324)8 to
A 1o1o
hexadecimal.
B 1o11
3 2 4 C 1100
D 11o1
011 010 100
E 1110
011 010 100 F 1111
Ans:(D4)16
HW:(688)8
Hexadecimal to other number system:
* Hexadecimal to decimal number system:
1) Convert the Hexadecimal number (3D)16
to decimal.
3 D
13x16^0 = 13
3x16^1 = 48
Answer
(61)10 61

HW:(8E)16
 Hexadecimal to other number system:
* Hexadecimal to decimal number system:
2) Convert the Hexadecimal number (3D.F4)16
to decimal.
F 4
3 D 4x16^-2 = 0.0156
13x16^0 = 13 15x16^-1= 0.9375
3x16^1 = 48
0.9531
61
Answer
HW:(8E.66)16
(61.9531)10
 Hexdecimal to other number system:
* Hexadecimal to binary number system:
Hexa Binary
1) Convert the hex number (3D.F4)16 0 0ooo
to binary. 1 0oo1

3 D . F 4 2 0o10
3 0o11
0111 1101 1111 0100
4 o100
Ans:(01111101.11110100)2
5 o101
6 o110
2) Convert the Hexadecimal to 7 o111
(134)16 to binary. 8 1000
1 3 4 9 1001
0001 0011 0100 A 1o1o
Ans:(000100110100)2 B 1o11
C 1100

HW:(45.7)16 D 11o1
E 1110
F 1111
 Hexadecimal to other number system:
* Hex to octal number system:
Hexa Binary
1) Convert the Hexadecimal number
0 0ooo
(47.32)16 to octal.
1 0oo1

4 7 . 3 A 2 0o10

0100 0111 . 0011 1010 3 0o11

4 o100
00100 0111 . 0011 10100 5 o101
Ans:(107.164)8 6 o110
7 o111
2) Convert the hex number (324)16 to 8 1000

octal. 9 1001
A 1o1o
3 2 4 B 1o11

0011 0010 0100 C 1100

D 11o1
0011 0010 0100
E 1110
Ans:(1444)8
F 1111

HW:(D4)16