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The Hadoop Ecosystem comprises tools like Pig, Hive, and HBase for managing large data volumes. Pig is a high-level platform for MapReduce, Hive provides SQL-like querying for data warehousing, and HBase is a NoSQL database for real-time data access. Together, these technologies enable efficient big data analytics and processing across various use cases.

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4 views3 pages

UNITS-5 (1)

The Hadoop Ecosystem comprises tools like Pig, Hive, and HBase for managing large data volumes. Pig is a high-level platform for MapReduce, Hive provides SQL-like querying for data warehousing, and HBase is a NoSQL database for real-time data access. Together, these technologies enable efficient big data analytics and processing across various use cases.

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elitekrishelite
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-5

Hadoop Ecosystem Frameworks: Applications on Big


Data using Pig, Hive, and HBase
The Hadoop Ecosystem is a robust framework composed of various tools designed for handling
massive volumes of data. Among these, Pig, Hive, and HBase are essential technologies that facilitate
big data analytics through different paradigms. Each tool is optimized for specific use cases like batch
processing, data warehousing, or real-time data access, enabling enterprises to extract value from
large-scale datasets stored in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS).

1. Apache Pig
Introduction to Pig:
Apache Pig is a high-level platform for creating MapReduce programs used with Hadoop. Developed
by Yahoo!, Pig simplifies the processing of large datasets using its scripting language called Pig Latin.
It is primarily used for ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) operations, offering a flexible, data-flow
approach to handling complex data processing tasks.

Execution Modes of Pig:


Pig can operate in two distinct modes:

• Local Mode: Executes Pig scripts on a single JVM, useful for development and testing.

• MapReduce Mode: Runs Pig scripts on a Hadoop cluster, enabling distributed processing.
This is suitable for large-scale data tasks.

Comparison of Pig with Databases:


Pig is procedural, whereas databases are declarative. Databases like MySQL or Oracle require
structured data and a predefined schema. Pig, however, is schema-optional and handles
unstructured and semi-structured data with ease. While SQL focuses on "what" data to retrieve, Pig
Latin describes "how" data should be processed.

Grunt Shell:
Grunt is the interactive shell for Pig. It allows users to execute Pig Latin commands interactively. This
is especially useful for testing small data samples, exploring data structures, or debugging complex
data pipelines.

Pig Latin:
Pig Latin is the scripting language used in Pig. It is a data flow language that provides a series of
transformations on data. Key commands include:

• LOAD – Reads data from a file system.

• FILTER – Filters records based on a condition.


• FOREACH – Applies expressions to records.

• GROUP – Groups data for aggregation.

• JOIN – Joins two or more datasets.

• DUMP – Displays output on the console.

• STORE – Saves the result to a file.

User Defined Functions (UDFs):


Pig allows developers to create custom functions using Java, Python, or other languages to perform
transformations not covered by built-in functions. UDFs can be plugged into Pig scripts using
REGISTER and DEFINE.

Data Processing Operators:


Pig offers a rich set of operators:

• Relational Operators: JOIN, GROUP, CROSS, DISTINCT, etc.

• Diagnostic Operators: DUMP, DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN

• Evaluation Functions: AVG(), SUM(), COUNT(), etc.


These operators help developers build powerful, readable pipelines for large-scale data
processing.

2. Apache Hive
Hive was developed by Facebook to bring SQL-like querying capability to Hadoop. It uses HiveQL, a
declarative query language similar to SQL, making it accessible to users familiar with traditional
databases. Hive is ideal for data warehousing tasks, transforming and querying structured datasets
stored in HDFS.

Hive converts HiveQL statements into MapReduce or Tez/Spark jobs under the hood. It supports
operations such as SELECT, JOIN, GROUP BY, and aggregates. Hive is best suited for batch processing
rather than real-time querying, making it useful for business intelligence and reporting tasks.

3. Apache HBase
HBase is a distributed, column-oriented NoSQL database built on top of HDFS. Inspired by Google’s
Bigtable, HBase provides real-time, random read/write access to large datasets. Unlike Hive and Pig,
which are batch-oriented, HBase is optimized for low-latency operations.

HBase stores data in tables with rows and column families. Each cell can contain multiple versions,
indexed by timestamps. It supports horizontal scaling and is ideal for applications like messaging
platforms, sensor data capture, and financial transactions.
Conclusion
Pig, Hive, and HBase together empower Hadoop to handle a wide spectrum of big data needs—from
batch ETL to SQL-style analytics and real-time data access. Pig simplifies complex data flows, Hive
offers structured querying, and HBase delivers high-speed random access—each tool playing a

critical role in the big data landscape.

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