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CS_411_Tutorial

The document consists of tutorial questions and answers related to image processing concepts, including definitions of terms like digital image, image sampling, and image quantization. It covers various techniques such as image enhancement, spatial filtering, and interpolation methods, as well as properties of Fourier transforms and applications of digital image processing. Additionally, it discusses relationships between image quality, intensity levels, and sample sizes, along with comparisons of spatial and frequency domain methods.

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2 views

CS_411_Tutorial

The document consists of tutorial questions and answers related to image processing concepts, including definitions of terms like digital image, image sampling, and image quantization. It covers various techniques such as image enhancement, spatial filtering, and interpolation methods, as well as properties of Fourier transforms and applications of digital image processing. Additionally, it discusses relationships between image quality, intensity levels, and sample sizes, along with comparisons of spatial and frequency domain methods.

Uploaded by

erick.muzigaba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CS 411

Tutorial questions:

1. Define Image?
Image is the two-dimensional signal which can be observed by human vision system.
2. Explain the Term Digital Image?
Digital image is the representation of two-dimensional image as set of digital values called pixels.
3. Define Image Sampling?
Sampling rate determines the spatial resolution of a digitized image.
OR
Sampling digitizes coordinate values.
4. Define Image Quantization?
Quantization level determines the number of gray levels in a digitized image.
OR
Quantization digitizes the amplitude values.
5. Define Resolutions?
Resolution is the details an image holds. OR is the total number of pixels in an image
6. What do you mean by intensity?
Intensity is numerical value of pixel.
7. What do you mean by Gray level?
Gray level is the measure of intensity value from black to gray and finally to white.
8. What do you meant by Zooming of digital images?
It means duplicating number of pixels in the region of interest (ROC) of a digital image.
9. Write the expression of one-dimensional discrete Fourier transforms?
Review lecture 4 slide number 12.
10. Give the Properties of one-dimensional DFT
• Symmetric
• Conjugate symmetric
• Periodicity
11. Give the Properties of two-dimensional DFT
• Shifting properties.
• Rotational
• Scaling
• Periodicity and Conjugate symmetric
• Convolution and correlation.
12. Write applications of DIP
• Keeps records, history.
• In security and law enforcement
• In internet
• In video processing
• In video conferencing
• Managing multimedia information.
13. What is Image Enhancement?
Image Enhancement is basically improving the quality of an image.
14. Name the categories of Image Enhancement and explain?
i. Spatial domain methods – operate directly on pixels.
ii. Frequency domain methods – modify the Fourier transform of an image.
15. What do you mean by Point processing?
Point processing is the operation which deals with intensity value individually.
16. Explain Mask or Kernels?

17. What is Image Negatives?

Image Negatives refers to operation which reverse the intensity level of an input image in the manner it
produces the equivalent of photographic negative.

18. Define Histogram?


Histogram is an normalized PDF of gray value.
19. Explain spatial filtering?
Spatial filtering Is just moving filter mask from point to point in an image.
20. What is gray level slicing
Gray level slicing is the kind of pseudo color image processing that assign different colors to area of
different sides of slicing plane to produce a colored image.
21. What is histogram equalization?
Histogram equalization is the nonlinear normalization that stretches the area with high abundance
intensity and compress the area of low abundance intensities.
22. What is contrast stretching?
Contrast stretching is the image enhancement technique that improve the contrast of an image by
stretching the range of intensity value.
23. What is meant by masking?

24. Define Gray-level interpolation?

25. Give one example for the principal source of noise?


The principal source of noise is image acquisition. Example is
26. Write the expression to find the number of bits to store a digital image?
b=MxNxk
27. What do you meant by shrinking of digital images?
It means reducing the size of an image
28. Write one example where human being is more powerful than computer in image processing

29. What is the basic difference between digital signal processing and digital image processing?
DIP is manipulation of digital image by digital computer While DSP is manipulation of digital signal by
digital systems.
30. Spatial resolution is depending on which parameters?
Depends on the number of columns and number of row of pixels. i.e. MxN
31. What do you mean by pseudo color image?
we assign color to monochromatic or range of intensities
32. What do you mean by morphological processing?
Is the collection of non-linear operation related to the shape or morphological features in an image
33. What is recognition and interpretation?
Is the process of giving labels to an object based on descriptors.
34. . Consider a color image of 1024x1024. If this image is transmitted across a channel of 2 Mbps, what will
be the transmission time?

35. How continuous image is converted to digital image?


Image is converted to digital image by two steps which are sampling and quantization.
36. What is the relationship between sample size and image quality?
Sample size and image are directly proportional.
37. What is the relationship between intensity level and image quality?
Intensity level and image quality are directly proportional.
38. List application of interpolation in image processing
• To make BIG image
• To make GOOD image
• To male COOL image
39. What do you mean by 4-neighbors of pixel?
It means a pixel p (x, y) has two horizontal and two vertical neighbors.
40. How it can be represented?
{(x, y-1), (x, y+1), (x-1, y), (x+1, y)}
41. Explain relationship between image size, intensity resolution and image quality with example
They are direct proportional to each other.
42. Explain nearest neighbor interpolation method. Also give its disadvantage

It simply determines the “nearest” neighboring pixel, and assumes the intensity value of it.

And its disadvantage is visual distortion caused by fractional zoom.

43. Explain bilinear and bicubic interpolation.


Bilinear interpolation is the resampling method that uses distance-weighted average of 4 nearest pixel
value to estimate a new pixel value.
Bicubic interpolation is the resampling method that uses distance weighted average of 16 nearest pixel
value to estimate a new pixel value.

44. Explain neighbors of pixel and notations.


• 4-neighbors
It means a pixel p (x, y) has two horizontal and two vertical neighbors.
Its notation is {(x, y-1), (x, y+1), (x-1, y), (x+1, y)}
• 8-neighbors
It means a pixel p (x, y) has 16 - neighbors.
Its notation is {(x-1, y-1), (x-1, y+1), (x+1, y-1), (x+1, y+1)}
45. What do you mean by thresholding?
It is extremely contrast stretching that produces two binary values (0 and 1) .
46. What is spatial domain and transform domain?
Spatial domain is the spatial representation of an image (is how original image is represented)
Transform domain is the representation of an image which is transformed from one form to another.
47. Write the steps involved in frequency domain filtering.
i. Transformation of an image into frequency domain.
ii. Applying filter to frequency domain of an image (LPF is for blurring and HPF is for
sharpening).
iii. Apply inverse Fourier transform to a filtered signal to produce an filtered image
48. Compare spatial and frequency domain methods
49. Explain why the discrete histogram equalization technique does not, in general, yield a flat histogram
Independently of continuous and discrete distribution values, it is difficult for equalizing the low contrast
image.
50. What is image up sampling? Explain three techniques for doing up sampling using example

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