Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

SAMARA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

COURSE TITTLE:-WASTE WATER TREATMENT

COURCE CODE:-Ceng5182

ASSESSMENT OF OXIDATION POND IN SAMARA UNIVERSITY

GROUP NAME ID.Number

1.FERAOL MULUGETA...................................................................................................1301091

2.BARNAFIS GUTA..........................................................................................................1300936

3.ABDI BELAY .................................................................................................................1301084

4.BERTUKAN SAGE …...................................................................................................1300964

5.ALI ADEM......................................................................................................................1300835

6.LAMU FIKEDU………………………………………………………………………..1301255

7.BEKAMA FIKEDU…………………………………………………………………….1300925

8.FEYISA BARU………………………………………………………………………1301084

9.HUSSEN MOHAMMED……………………………………………………1301200

10.IMMIRU MAMO……………………………………………………………1301204
Samara,Afar,Ethiopia
11.WABI TASFAYE……………………………………………………………1301535
Dec 18,2024
 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Before our breathing any word, our glorify my God that led our hands and eyes to work and our

mind has discerned the deeds of God on the assessment the work.

Secondly, our would like to owe many thanks to the efforts of our Instructor Cherinet
Dawit.(MSC in Environmental Engineering) .The essay couldn’t have the present shape without

his careful and professional guidance, for command to do this assessment in our
compound .constructive comments, and devotion of his precious time

in teaching and correcting the waste water treatment from beginning up to the end of the course.

Thirdly we am highly indebted to our community who have been helping us when we taken
photo and some information from our compound in everything to be

successful in our academic career .Finally, our thanks extended to our entire informants who give

our relevant information in Samara university those participate in assessment on oxidation pond
project.

I Samara university 2024

 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................................................................................................................................... I

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ IV

C H A P T E R O N E ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Overview of the Samara University ................................................................................................................................................................ 1

Mission .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Vision ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

The values that we strive to uphold are: ..................................................................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4

What Problems can uncontrolled sanitary landfill cause? ............................................................................................................................... 4

GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................................................... 5

C H A P T E R T H R E E ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 6

LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6

table 1.1 examples of oxidation pond constructed ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

ASSESSMENT METHOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Analysis of the alternatives to the proposed oxidation pond ......................................................................................................................... 10

Approach to the study/methodology ............................................................................................................................................................. 15

Design of the Number of pond ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Dimensions of the Ponds .............................................................................................................................................................................. 17

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ..................................................................................................................................................... 18

Impact Assessment ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Significant positive impacts of the Oxidation pond ...................................................................................................................................... 19

Concerns about constructing Oxidation pond ............................................................................................................................................... 20

Impacts on Human Health and Sanitation ..................................................................................................................................................... 20

Opportunities of the construct oxidation pond in samara university ............................................................................................................ 20

Conclusio...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22

Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22

Recommendations ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 22

CHAPTER SIX...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

II Samara university 2024

 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

REFERENCE ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

Figure and tables

Figure1:1 map of samara university............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2 Direction of waste water treatment in samara un. ...................................................................... 10
Figure 3 the former waste water pond store.............................................................................................. 11
Figure 4 the moment waste water pond store ........................................................................................... 11
Figure 5 the waste water stored without treament ................................................................................... 12
Figure 6 when observation and investigation team ................................................................................... 12
Figure 7 waste over flow from student dormitory and other place ........................................................... 13
Figure 8 waste water flow over large area without manage ..................................................................... 14

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

ABSTRACT

Samara University is a public higher learning institution located in the heart of Afar Regional
State ,With the ambition to empower generations of the diligent pastoralist community of Afar
in particular and that of Ethiopia and the world in general through education, Samara University
was instituted in 2006. It is located in the Afar Regional State, the origin of humankind in the
North-Eastern hemisphere of Ethiopia, specifically at the western boarder of the fabulous capital,
Samara town, adjacent to the Sultan Alimirah Hanfre Airport.

Most uncontrolled Waste water and Sanitary landfill are many years old, having grown over
time from small sanitary landfill to large, unmanaged waste sites. Uncontrolled dumps have
significant environmental impacts .As the waste decomposes, it creates leachate— mixture of
toxic and nontoxic liquids and rainwater - which may get into local water supplies and
contaminate the drinking water .Uncontrolled dumps also release gases that are explosive and
flammable. In some instances ,waste is burned at these dumps, which poses a direct safety threat
because of the danger of explosion. The main objective of the construction of this OP is
summarized as follows:To mitigate the main environmental and public health problems related to
the liquid wastes generated from the university.To produce Biogas and dry sludge compost from
the waste andTo establish field research center for the university academic staffs &
students.Prevention and control to waste water management system.

An oxidation pond, also called a waste-stabilization pond or lagoon, is a relatively shallow body
of water contained in a hollow of predetermined shape dug in the ground, and designed for the
purpose of treating sewage (waste-water) or effluent.

The university has no any OP for liquid waste management, hence, until nowadays, the
university releases its liquid waste without any treatment to the nearby local community, thus
creating burden on their health and the environment.

The assessment of impacts indicated that negative impacts should not be significant as long

as process performance is continuously controlled. Significant impacts on water

resources, soil, biodiversity, human amenity and health are anticipated if effluent compliance

standards and utilization methods are not met. However, design and management of the

OP will take necessary procedures to ensure the elimination of these impacts.

The current lack of proper liquid waste management is surely having a negative impact on

human health and the environment.

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

CH A PT E R O NE

Overview of the Samara University .

Samara University is a public higher learning institution located in

the heart of Afar Regional State ,With the ambition to empower
generations of the diligent pastoralist community of Afar in
particular and that of Ethiopia and the world in general through
education, Samara University was instituted in 2006. It is located
in the Afar Regional State, the origin of humankind in the North-
Eastern hemisphere of Ethiopia, specifically at the western
boarder of the fabulous capital, Samara town, adjacent to the
Sultan Alimirah Hanfre Airport. It is found 590 kilometers away
from Addis Ababa and 1.5 kilometers far from the nearest Ethio-
Djibouti international highway. The University is one of the
second-generation universities of Ethiopia. At its very
commencement, the university had started its academic voyage
with 3 Faculties, 12 Departments, 69 teachers, and 6
administrative employees enrolling 1867 students.
As the sole public university in Afar Region,
the university has got matured enough to encompass 7 Colleges,
3 Schools and 46 Departments
addressing both undergraduate and graduate studies in regular,
extension, and summer enrolments. Currently, the campus
becomes a comfortable habitat for 1,005 teachers, 1389
administrative employees, 7,326 students after one and half
decade. Employees of the university are dedicated and always
supportive to students which enhance the rate of success and
setting out their career goals. Every member inspires to step the
students ahead on their learning commitment and tackling of
challenges. Hence, students have several opportunities to practice
peruse their studies and engage in internships, seminars and other

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relevant special campus events related to their corresponding

fields of studies. As result of the mutual respect and love among
the internal and external surrounding community, for over a
decade and a half, the
university is designated as an Ambassador of Peace and Mutual
Coexistence by the concerned national authorities. The
universitremains peaceful and safest for students even during the
instable moments of the country. In brief, Samara University is
university of excellence, peace, and mutual coexistence,
Following its inauguration, the university has bestowed numerous
considerable contributions in uplifting the life standard of the
respectful community of Afar. Numerous community problems
have been and are being alleviated by the effort of the university
in different schemes

Mission

 The provision of quality education to produce capable trained manpower for sustainable
national development, conducting problem solving research, transfer technology that
build the capacity of community and industries for sustainable change.

Vision

 To be become University in Pastoral Development Education and Research in East Africa

by 2030

The values that we strive to uphold are:

 Inclusiveness

 Empathetic

 Forward-looking

 Impact-driven

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 Accountability

 Honesty

 Integrity

 Teamwork

Figure1 map of samara university

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CHAPTER TWO

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

What Problems can uncontrolled sanitary landfill cause?

Most uncontrolled Waste water and Sanitary landfill are many years old, having grown over time
from small sanitary landfill to large, unmanaged waste sites. Uncontrolled dumps have
significant environmental impacts .As the waste decomposes, it creates leachate— mixture of
toxic and nontoxic liquids and rainwater - which may get into local water supplies and
contaminate the drinking water .Uncontrolled dumps also release gases that are explosive and
flammable. In some instances ,waste is burned at these dumps, which poses a direct safety threat
because of the danger of explosion. The air pollution created by burning harms local
communities. Improper waste disposal also produces greenhouse gases (GHGs), which
contribute to climate change. In contrast, properly designed, constructed, and managed waste
water aim to prevent or minimize health and environmental impacts.

The mechanism of treatment of waste water in oxidation ponds is biological. The raw wastewater
is detained in a pond for some time. The bacteria that are already present in the raw waste water
decompose the organic matter in the presence of oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. Carbon
dioxide is utilized by algae, which in turn produce oxygen that is utilized by the bacteria
.Objectives of the construction of Oxidation Pond Assessment

The primary purpose of EA is to ensure that impacts of projects, policy and program etc . are
adequately and appropriately considered and mitigation measures for adverse significant impacts
incorporated when decisions are taken.

Thus, the main objective of this project is to provide the necessary means and proper treatments
of the liquid waste generated in the university, and halt the current practices of uncontrolled
release of liquid waste in the open dumpsite and uncontrolled release I the environment. These
practices are posing risk to the public health and the environment. An additional objective is to
reduce disease vectors and halt the nuisance associated with open dumping onto roadways, rivers
and open trenches resulting in the generation of odours , mosquitoes, flies and other insect
populations. The concern of the university for the health of the public, the protection of the

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environment is a driving force behind this project. To protect human health and the environment,
communities should discourage the use of existing open dumps and establish a managed site for
waste management

GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the construction of this OP is summarized as follows:

 To mitigate the main environmental and public health problems related to the liquid
wastes generated from the university.
 To produce Biogas and dry sludge compost from the waste and
 To establish field research center for the university academic staffs & students.
 Prevention and control to waste water management system.
 Minimize the effect of waste water and create comfortable-compound for the
students,staff and all community that live in compound and around compound.
 To give recommendation to the who concerned this issues in our university.

Specific objective of Assessment on Oxidation pond in Samara university

 the main objective of this assessment is to provide the necessary means and proper
treatments of the liquid waste generated in the university, and halt the current practices
of uncontrolled release of liquid waste in the open dumpsite and uncontrolled release the
environment.
 These practices are posing risk to the public health and the environment
 To asssessment the oxidation pond in Samara university
 To explain about the impact of lack of waste water management
 To recomended the nessesity of oxidation pond in Samara University

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CHAPTER THREE

LITERATURE REVIEW

Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural
areas, and for residential and industrial producers. An important method of waste management is
the prevention of waste material being created, also known as waste reduction. Methods of
avoidance include reuse of second-hand products, repairing broken items instead of buying new,
designing products to be refillable or reusable (such as cotton instead of plastic shopping bags),
encouraging consumers to avoid using disposable products, removing any food/liquid remains
from cans, packaging, etc and designing products that use less material to achieve the same
purpose. Many cities have no controlled system for waste management. Waste is burned in pits,
dumped and released in random locations, or disposed off in uncontrolled dumps without any
further management. All these actions harm public health and the environment. Controlled waste
management can help improve and protect the health of local populations and preserve valuable
environmental resources, such as groundwater and drinking water. We have two options for
waste disposal: operate properly designed, constructed, and managed landfills, oxidation ponds,
etc or burn the waste in a controlled facility that converts waste to energy

Studies on the physico-chemical characteristics and the seasonal periodicity of plankton in Indian
sewage and treatment of wastewater in oxidation ponds started six decades ago. Studies on
microbial succession and biochemical stratification have already been carried out. The earlier
reports on oxidation ponds have emphasized upon the removal of BOD, bacteria and nutrients .
Intensive work has been carried out on few species of bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa
individually in response to changes in environmental factors like light intensity, temperature and
pH .showed that retardation in the rate of catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the
presence of

catalase may be used for the detection of compounds toxic to aerobes in the biological systems.
The analysis of

enzyme activity was used to investigate the process of self purification in polluted rivers .

The bacterial genera commonly present in the oxidation ponds are Achromobacter, Proteus
alkaligens, Chromomonas, Zoogloea, Pseudomonas, Chromatium, Thiospirillum, Thiopedia and
Rhodothecae . According

to the conditions of the oxidation pond aerobic, facultative and anaerobic bacteria grow and
stabilize the organic.

substances present in the wastes through biological processes . About 15,000 species of algae
have been recorded in nature; only few of them are functionally useful

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

in the oxidation process . The algal species belong to the genera Chlorella, Scenedesmus,
Euglena and Microcystis were shown to be the dominant algae in the oxidation pond because of
their high tolerance capacity to extreme environmental conditions.

Euglenoids depicted a great deal of adaptability to changes in environmental conditions in ponds .

Protozoans such as microflagellates and ciliates appear during prestabilization phases. Among

ciliates, Holotrichales are the most predominant forms [ 3 6 ] , which mainly feed on bacteria and
suspended solids. Ganapati and Amin reported the presence of Vorticella, Macrostoma,
Paramecium and Podophrya in the scum formed at the surface of oxidation pond, during
prestabilization and overloading conditions. Patil et al., recorded 12 species of protozoa from
oxidation pond samples belonging to various genera such as

Paramecium, Vorticella, Colpodium, Stylonychia, Perispira and Caenomorpha. reported 46

species of protozoa from sewage.

In addition to bacteria, algae and protozoa, there are also other organisms such as crustacean
larvae, insects, viruses, rotifers, nematodes which interact and compete with each other for food
and convert the organic materials of the sewage into simple products in the oxidation ponds.
TheTunisian government has laid guidelines for safe reuse of effluents for agriculture with
respect to the presence of helminthes and fecal coliforms.

the technological advancement, urbanization and increase in global population are a continuous
threat to mankind. The quality of our environment is determined by the intricate processes of
mankind’s making a living and enjoying life.

The changes that man produces during this use affect his health, comfort, aesthetic senses, and
efficiency to attain a satisfactory social status. The activities of man give rise to a wide range of
waste products, many of which become waterborne and must be carefully treated before being
released to the environment.

Such waste-waters may contain excreta, household wastes, industrial discharges, agricultural
run-offs, and urban storm drainage.

All these wastes, individually or collectively, can pollute and contaminate the environment.

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the earlier oxidation pond constructed in varies place in Ethiopia

t ab l e 1 .1 ex am pl e s of ox i d at i on po nd c onst r uc t e d

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

CHAPTER FOUR

ASSESSMENT METHOLOGY

An oxidation pond, also called a waste-stabilization pond or lagoon, is a relatively shallow body
of water contained in a hollow of predetermined shape dug in the ground, and designed for the
purpose of treating sewage (waste-water) or effluent. A brief description of the principles of the
oxidation process for treating raw sewage or effluent has been presented in .

here we learn that the function of an oxidation pond depends upon the interaction of bacteria and
algae, and to a lesser degree on other organisms in the pond. This interaction is influenced by
natural phenomena, such as the intensity and frequency of sunshine in the locality, temperature,
wind, aeration, diffusion, rainfall, etc. As was said earlier, a basic knowledge of microbiology is
essential in order to understand properly how an oxidation pond functions.
Oxidation/stabilization ponds are usually classified in accordance with the nature of the
biological activity that takes place, as aerobic, anaerobic or facultative (aerobicanaerobic)
ponds.

The university has no any OP for liquid waste management, hence, until nowadays, the
university releases its liquid waste without any treatment to the nearby local community,
thus creating burden on their health and the environment.

The environmental pollution not only creates ecological disturbances but also poses greater risk
to human health. Human has altered his environment in the process of satisfying his needs, and
has done tremendous damage to it and therefore to himself. If he has to survive on this planet, he
has to require a pollution free environment. In view of the high costs of conventional wastewater
treatment technologies, there is an increasing need for developing low-cost methods of treating
waste-waters, particularly municipal sewage and industrial effluents especially in the third world
countries, which can’t afford the luxury of conventional wastewater treatment.

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

Analysis of the alternatives to the proposed oxidation pond

There are two possibilities (Options) for managing liquid waste from the Samara University
community

1. No oxidation pond (Continuing liquid waste disposal as it is)[Option 1]

The University produces huge amount of solid and liquid every year. Since the University uses
several small pits located at various sites one can easily notice overflow of all kinds of waste in
and around the University. Within the University compound one can find several sites of waste
overflow including those around :-

 The Social Science Library .

 Natural science library ,
 student dining halls,
 around female students dormitory
 around male students dormitory
 On the Road of public
 Around staff member building etc.

Figure 1 Direction of waste water treatment in samara un.

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Figure 2 the former waste water pond store

Figure 3 the moment waste water pond store

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Figure 4 the waste water stored without treament

Figure 5 when observation and investigation team

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

Figure 6 waste over flow from student dormitory and other place

In response to these problems several temporary filtration pits were constructed by the university at
several sites including those around student dormitori

But, from the field observation it was noticed that these were insufficient and there are overflows of waste
at different sites which has created odour nuisance to the University community and the community
residing along the road.

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

The University has been receiving several complaints from the University community and the
community residing near the University. For instance, anybody can easily notice this problem

 All students
 All staff member
 Community and resident in compound

Figure 7 waste water flow over large area without manage

For the above mentioned problems, the solution is constructing a well designed oxidation pond which can
mitigate the main environmental and health impacts arising from the free release of the liquid waste
generated from the university. Ponds are regarded as the methods of first choice for the treatment of waste
water (sewage effluent treatment where decomposition of Organic matter is processed naturally, i.e.
biologically) in many parts of the world.

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

2.Constructing well designed oxidation pond For the above mentioned problems,

the solution is constructing a well designed oxidation pond which can mitigate the main
environmental and health impacts arising from the free release of the liquid waste generated from
the university. Ponds are regarded as the methods of first choice for the treatment of waste water
(sewage effluent treatment where decomposition of Organic matter is processed naturally, i.e.
biologically) in many parts of the world.

Approach to the study/methodology

The present impact study included the collection of information and observation on compound
waste water management system.This was followed by evaluation of the information to delineate
the major environmental issues concerned, and also to determine the needs for the follow-up

and preparation of an abatement and mitigation plan through which the required actions can be
carried out.

The main assumption, especially regarding the induced effects, is that the cost-benefit

analysis implicitly assumes that an increase in quality of effluents from the OP can be met by

an increase of appropriate liquid waste decomposition processes uniformly throughout the

project. In reality however there can be time/stages that are unable to increase quality of

effluents at constant rates because of some failure(s) that might rise during operational

phase of the project.

Selection of the most appropriate solution to meet a certain long-term objective is not a simple
and straightforward task. Several factors must be taken into consideration, including technical
criteria, environmental considerations, and economic observations. The aim of this section is to
weigh the potential of all relevant alternatives concerning the treatment process, the system
selection and the site location. As a result, a sustainable solution can be implemented to treat the
liquid waste crisis in the university. Since the current situation is not desirable, the “Do Nothing”
scenario involving the disposal off the waste waster at the existing open dump and uncontrolled
into the environment is not coidered a legitimate or a sustainable waste management practice

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

Design of the Number of pond

According to the recommendations of WHO, in normal circumstances, it is recommended that

pond systems comprise at least three ponds in series. Thus, acceptable designs are either an

anaerobic pond followed by a secondary facultative pond and one or more maturation ponds or a

primary facultative pond followed by at least two maturation ponds. Only exceptionally should a

system with less than three ponds in series be considered. This might be appropriate in certain

circumstances, e.g. discharge into coastal or estuarine waters or into a river with large dilution,
but each case should be carefully justified

The different possibilities of Stabilization pond configurations: AN = anaerobic

pond; F = facultative pond; M = maturation pond (Pescod and Mara, 1988).

The OP has three components. These are:

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

1) Anaerobic pond

2) Facultative pond and

3) Maturation pond and

The stabilization pond configuration which was established by the FDRE construction

design share company was anaerobic pond Facultative pond maturation pond

arranged in series.

Stabilization pond configurations (AN = anaerobic pond; F = facultative pond; M =

maturation pond

The liquid waste will be taken to the OP through pipelines and the consultant has confirmed

that there will be no displacement of the people for the pipeline elongation to the site of the

OP.

Dimensions of the Ponds

The anaerobic pond has a length of 55m, 37m width and 4.75m height; the facultative pond

has a length of 150m, 79m width and height of 2.69m and maturation pond has a length of

104m, 56m width and height of 2.63m. The Anaerobic pond has a depth of 2-5m fulfilling the

44WHO recommendations, usually, from 2-5m. But, as mentioned on the OP site study by the

consultant, there is no sewage drying area which was estimated to have an area of 15,657m2 .

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

EIA can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts

(effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs or legislative action relative to the physical

chemical, biological, cultural, and socio-economic components of a total environment.

The primary purpose of EIA process is to encourage the consideration of the environment in

the planning and decision making and to ultimately arrive at actions which are more

environmentally comfortable.

The purpose of undertaking Environmental Impact Study is to generate sufficient information

on significant impacts that enable the preparation of an Environmental Impact Study report,

which will be used to determine whether or under what conditions a assessment should proceed.

Environmental Impact Study involves several steps. Among these:

 Impact Prediction

 Impact analysis

 Consideration of alternatives

 preparation of management plan (mitigation, monitoring activities) and

 Preparations of contingency plan are the most common step.

Impact Assessment

The assessment of impacts indicated that negative impacts should not be significant as long

as process performance is continuously controlled. Significant impacts on water

resources, soil, biodiversity, human amenity and health are anticipated if effluent compliance

standards and utilization methods are not met. However, design and management of the

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

OP will take necessary procedures to ensure the elimination of these impacts.

On the other hand, positive impacts with respect to human health and environmental

protection are a direct consequence and key goals of the project implementation.

Significant positive impacts of the Oxidation pond

 Low operational and maintenance costs, including a zero requirement for energy other

than solar energy.

 Ponds provide effective treatment with minimal threat to the environment and the health

of the public

 OPs work very well in clay soils which is the case for the proposed project.

 All liquid wastes from the community in the university will be properly treated

 The local community may use the biogas generated from the pond

 The pollution due to liquid waste released by the university on the environment will

Decrease.

 The sludge compost can be used by the college for different agricultural purposes and

researches.

 Very high removals of excreta pathogens: up to 99.999%

 Creates new opportunities for research undertaking for the staff and students of the

 They are relatively simpler to design, construct, operate and maintain.

 Less capital and less operating and maintenance costs are needed, especially in places where
adequate land is available.

 They are more efficient in destroying pathogenic organisms - bacteria, intestinal parasites
and their eggs, - mainly because of the long retention time.

 They are more appropriate for tropical developing countries like Ethiopia, where land is
easily available and climatic conditions are favourable.

 They can be applied to the treatment of raw sewage, effluent, or other organic waste

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

Concerns about constructing Oxidation pond

 Ponds are not aesthetically acceptable to some people. Some people consider ponds

unsightly and unsafe.

 As with any other open body of water, there is some potential danger. Although ponds

are required to be fenced, this does not always prevent access by people or pets.

 If improperly designed OPs have the problem of:

 Odor

 Surface water, soil and underground water pollution

 Dust particles (during construction phase)

 Effluents

 Pathogens and

 Flies and mosquitoes breeding etc

Impacts on Human Health and Sanitation

The current lack of proper liquid waste management is surely having a negative impact on

human health and the environment. Current and historical releasing and dumping of wastes,

whether in open dumps, is directly polluting the environment and water resources of the area,

and is furnishing breeding habitats for rodents and diseases to flourish. Such impacts will

be mitigated by the deployment of a proper liquid waste management system and the

construction of appropriate OP.

Opportunities of the construct oxidation pond in samara university

This pond could have the following additional advantages

 Utilization of the buffer zone

 Utilization for biogas production

 Utilization of the effluent for irrigation (small investment)

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

 Utilization of the dry sludge cake as compost and

 It will be used as a research centre for all the University researchers in general

 Watering the plant in the compound

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CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion and Recommendations

Conclusions

1) Since the cost benefit analysis of the proposed oxidation pond of the samara university shows
that the benefit is very much greater than its cost, and the design (including the dimension

of the ponds) is also in the range of the mostly accepted designs including the

recommendations of WHO. In short, since the advantages of constructing the OP is

much greater than its negative impact, the project can proceed taking in to

consideration of the effluent standards limits periodically.

2) The sub-surface drainage which is now currently being constructed can strongly

protect the flooding that may come to the ponds easily, there will be no worry for over

surface flowing of the liquid wastes (without decomposition) . In addition, since all the layers of
the ponds will be covered by HDPE liner, there would be no worry about surface water and

underground water pollution.

3) There is no risk of displacing people during pipeline elongation to the OP.

4) The entire project area is devoid of any endangered flora and fauna .

5) It is predicted that socio-economic impact due to this assessment will positively

increase the chance of some employment opportunities for local shall increase.

Recommendations

For the proper functioning of the OP, the following recommendations are strongly

advised:

 Applying biological control methods: For example, for mosquito control introducing
special fish which feed upon these mosquito larvae.

 Specifically fencing the anaerobic pond with rust resisting materials (for example,
corrugated iron sheets) with the height of 3-5m is very important to avoid possible odour
nuisance.

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

 Fencing the OP as well as the buffer zone (double fence) with a suitable non-climbable
fence 4 feet high or more to keep out children, pets, and livestock.

 An open type fence (woven wire) is to be used because it will not restrict sunlight and air
which are necessary for treatment. That is, the site will be fenced on all sides and access
will be controlled through gates with guard posts.

 The effluent quality should be checked periodically.

 The sludge from the anaerobic pond must be desludged approximately

every 3-5 years.

 A permanent vegetative cover should be established on the lagoon as soon as possible to

prevent erosion of the dike. If the pond is not constructed during the normal growing
season, a temporary vegetative cover should be planted, or other erosion control measures
should be

utilized.

 Vegetative growth should be controlled to assure necessary sunlight exposure and air
movement.

 Grass should be mowed on a regular basis during the growing season.

 No trees should be allowed to grow around the pond because; ponds should be built in
locations where trees will not restrict sunlight exposure or air movement.

 A waterway is constructed on all sides of the pond to prevent inflow of surface water and
discharge of waste water.

 Great care should be taken by the university not to mix the liquid wastes with the toxic
laboratory reagents and solvents.

 Compensation for any sort of activity which will incur damage or loss of public or private
property or any natural resources shall be addressed as per government of Ethiopia rules &
regulations.

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 Assessment on Oxidation Pond in Samara University

C H A PT E R S I X

REFERENCE

1. Observation and investigation From Samara university

2. Moazzam Ali Khan (1999). Studies of Effluent Recirculation on the Chemical and Biological
Performance Efficiency of Oxidation pond. Doctorial thesis submitted to department
microbiology, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
3. Establishment of 5,600 TPD clinker capacity Greenfield cement project and operation of captive
mines near Derba village, Oromia regional state, federal democratic republic of Ethiopia,
February 2008
4. Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO) GIBE III Hydroelectric Project: Environmental and
Social Impact Assessment, March, 2009.
5. Rapid environmental impact assessment at Dwarka for society for unique hospital and research
institute, July ,2006
6. Environmental impact assessment report on solid waste treatment facility in AIL BAAL, CAZA of
TYRE, South Lebanon, May 2005.
7. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) & environmental management plan (EMP) for Jharbeda
limestone & dolomite mines, Sundergarh, Orissa.
8. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): Guidebook on environmental impact assessment for
in-situ leach mining projects, May 2005
9. . WHO (1971). Waste Stabilization Ponds. WHO monograph series No. 60; Geneva
10. . Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (2006). Lagoons (Oxidation Ponds).
Environmental Complaints and local services, Oklahom

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