: : Not? Cover claw XI eontet Laplace sguttion: V*v=o Cit Po) toisowt uations Viv= Co Nos Gawrally we lial ortll ont Alfmmntionsl problims > te Ahuuiieal com. dinate tyttimt vue te £ (ge) | = ay\ dy % WO3p goon? Ve “2 By rte use jens: yw a a*sino 98 oe ae ee ees eee | Nave = ae in. soe vues (yh) + 2 cea by nat 8) TANT gheryt Le olay e ae fe Muface oY conductor, Es 2 A LA towttuct if ple {on tantra. nau} Vive oO. up ) - Be eye. fem} (v vee) (9) a es = a Lo} —— = constant Bo go for ea HY wollivg pa ene MOC > VO~-G y ‘ gt tN, = = dy, Awdluoal ig ao oubouaclary sal probe of Aoadusiiug Able tn Uwifor we ; i ae 79, +} Np Veo ae TOE. SF Aplerioal eoorolivate ort cUfivas the Aypttin N= Viv, 0) {No dipendonee on $ a2iwuithel a sui 5 ge ashi MNT ot 2 (gine ) =o = © 1 WY 7 sine 96 a S thet type op gu ane Aolueck toy Jepasotvn | vosabio Ee Nis) = 8 @Ms@@ 1 @ yO: 2(v ra Bf tingiby | =o ay Ww sim6 96 yo trom © #'— ON = @©.dR 4 *2V 2 go ar dy veg CX > Be eee ied $np. A LG) a0 av dy Sime 96 do Ae gid ashe gs) =o dv v Sind 96 de Seen aos Yura function of x 9 wo v PLLA LALLA LDS AL AM aS A lal al al lal la all aOb (tae ).~ fhe “oh (sxe ae de dy ay Sime AB Abuidtug file RO m both Licker, me di ae cin LO / p dr oo. ate oo | es S Post faume™ef + of fet ae oo a > Lepmelers 2qration Rar solution. TE gar ara ae > 4 Sind AD) = -A®@ SMe ‘ ( ae) pollinion wit be AA (tind AO) FAO 0 ES sine A de & TS | Atvaiterty A (vap) = AR Ont) = Legemders Moby nomial dy or Oncued_ 3 OC)" |g al ax" wm Soe > BW Ee 2 polynomial ses to CC AN, a at grrasthielions @, oy) > aa Yo tonvert it tm Legend Difprentiok Squatiow a~ (0 > dn= +Sino de od d dx = - Sno of do ot 6 dw >» A dard Smd lO dx ede (sive ao-)+ A®-0 an an 283 6- 2, {un a5 4 3 ant& due On O90 xe Lok Adlutton * =~ aud Oyo = ° 426 a dB 4 AO =o > this H trl Legends D-€ 5 a Ogle es ae ee a" (x8-4)" dx" ) w (urd) 4 a” nt @, 00 =4 Oyen) =% O, Nou, ot) z ae aotr = 3 b w(ntd) gh y= 5 7 ge) _ n(urt)Reo nC) = > ree + ar dhe 5 deena ge Ce i & “ en ie & (d-1) 1% - Ow er) gj DE des 2 ay : che on + any kta a n>-n) te a> th -n*-n=0 3 &(d-1) er « _ on (uti) 7% = =o ed OAR Yo a a*—p> + HR) x0 Sddpdudltatep (ath 4!) =0 LG gen « = ~(usH) t Sfen Jragigs OHO (oe sana)a Wveo v= Vine) - 2 (1) 0) RO = S (Ox i) ace pe Se ee nal Preah toe 0 Tree Ay Ay oe eS aw if at veo Vib fimite , aU On 4 =O O10) =O, ro > NGee 3D io ar sve @, (9) 9 Note? Hie Fat Me do oy Ut tale ques tk Js dows That * aebup awl _ ip wot tun wit V’vro and with out ah bisig wots, fut Write thir sel" 2 V(t,0) = (fe + be + (er + 7 30 + Cy 7 o 3S ad a Wonropdly tim — dipole Shum 7 ella pole ie # wheter as to te retatnedl epondls upon Powwdaty LOW AL Om Yor tt quis. ode t a, Vn Sguipolintion « idle, (al @ ak Ta Vs -&H Ca aa) = -E, Yao GS dh Vidor wot ckipenrcl upon Cos76 twee we toke only fist 2 feud. by publig porndary covauous * wo ea ses . —“ > yen Bae (r= @"] 9, oxo mo 7H trom 9" boundary Cui On a FS 4% = Eo TO = Ant” Oy (ety (VM e \ neo or L 0) ma Sere fo tS (aut etna As aAv0) Sno ws. On Lomparing, Ae 0 amd Ay =~ Ee = vime) = - Bo [as oy, |e. oo for “a4, pi fu a atts «) Md ao | V(r, 0) --Eot wee [ts a eB foviduting sbatl Auch Louis oting Alec tw po. tk Pow G faititiqn coordivls & ytindaceal Looishinals, xa aa | Wt Aiud 0 wafer tin pill bow , din 200. dition. Gausts Law Aloss Wot pe oe - Queues * oe At hea of tts pillbor tid Now the tides 6} pillbor eontuibicte wating 00 tha flum, din tt Sint Bs det Burkett gars Joo. Unuufots, Calne Evie 2 taut Chee Atndlid tna Lovaponunt of E perpoedinutor Jo the susjoee Lnadiatly mbose , Mw Exel i tie Samet Only qt bilo te stp Unt Lengurtiol Lowpoint of E ib Abide LowSini Our Jf te apply PE-di -o to th hin Tealamqulor Loops Hr mds ge: rg tt € 30 Auth Has Aides you Edive- © tolow~° > EC tive> E "veto Ae boundary eowslitiond Ow E een dot Lovina ints 2. Single formula, [Fume Fito - = *] wohku A dd Oo Unik veetot de six Auufaer painting from s*pulow” te “above”MuLtipole sxpaiition of poTustial STU = ae - ae URE. { es c > fort Auasge it alto Locltodl wowopals Anit “4 4 —— Pe gt Cftom gq Hy rr eS ee ye 4 Res [> x) 4Kes [ =] - Yor, olipole beer » W-%, =1 We eri“ fesreg, a= p 36 a4 YREo Y? € carg- EO Esing> E& > tom g> EO oa a 7 Ew cree VGg- 4 BF 2 eT Boe? Gs Paley pe UKE ( =a) * Nott | 7 (tg). 1) +4 ¥t S eas iE (Oye 4 (77)epee T= pe bane = pe sn® > dvs “Tae = pe sing ob pn 7B Ausable, th nidto| 9 Ux -pE se +(U,) Atal, ¥,-0 GS at 090°, Uzo 2 Uso Us -pease = -p-€ Now, We &. ET + Ep rak be | easc-o0t 2 JH sf dng, Sow of BAM 9 Ovaponints ea m | dy 2 is woiin2s aw field a : ee 25 hag | ietie = VE 5 Me AEs 4 em Lays o 4 > ot, 2 a a ae J a 7. (eee), tee Se A : sa. de Oe 4 dey: QEx dns 16x dy 4 QErd2 | a 4 oz aQE a&. Bre ay oy lire rr ee Ege 2 ee a dex (43) ae va Daa eS ze (Pf 2 ee Create Fx- gabe xt Py 2s + ps 2 ees (?: Fe ? oe a Sorqut Aus patintial ey mente Afpolu= tp ot Ate ebiow“Up Fe 20 clipots— cupole foren si 5. 4 ae - For slau oofiouintion : a word) ~ 3.¢p, 2 USO va [er ) ~ 3iCp, e088) (ps caste ) Ue pie | tote 3.08 8 04 0-4)] GRO” y x ol Yor akabu tonfiguration dt <0 Hultipote expansion of potwatiat? Sissy. ii Saal a bulid. gee ee = Pd 2) weP'e te / Cid Net a i ) ie ma [3 = Ree | Ie vy jal) 7 Thea? S He th abou ® vt 7 To enol 7 3 Tok pad but 7B vorlable fave of Maat = typ ae is YR Gerace fone tae, ery Fy. woe THT AY 2 err! 2 ars Ter't Jry'ese Lia z fe! - Qe & Me lays ariieie > PF ‘e ws tlh x etn (ee Vall.oo. de 4 fore] SS aoe Tiker Pe Se Ort oe pe oie é [2784 @rroapnet Pim ey oe ogy] fx. a 7Z)" ©, (esio)] > Noutslrnee GS @) wlio = > ae O,( wee) - yn e V(ne)= 4A peyat Ye" Oe) YREs Ny! Reo, aye Vy = A s ee. [reray o.oo ae We ee ae Viy,0)= 4 | a fey iy it pe . race L [tena + A [ter aT tote + jie Guove-yat ¥ Vs A gis ae Hagapiee Arpt, Quadkopate i SF Yo wilt ttand, fouag 206 te thy ity whol dn | Bom BU eplont, panst Av tity ool der pobtarva AS we Owe losel molt frais arr wirhle 4Mideetries andl toleration P= No. Of sleebuie diptle women dutnnity o polarisation PF ” = Pee Wl yoluune cane! of wf ~ Bipol, moutuk of of Ahage LAWELS es cee dt is Chosen Auer Urat st only One ipole } ee Lae Somes & a pe Nini LA ea LS x eS dV a> zh. i a 7 - Une , (olaLiad ox dus te (aes A Exar ee Une 4 at pout A P neues ee ee Jy polarisation are tit ale pe “ope | tad ee Sled bend 2haageVive)- A PET £ ogite t axe. | eae & tes Fh PR) 7 SG rod wort. feta pote | ¥(4)- Fenian, |) ee aie Ls Grd wrt sore potnt We enon F 2 > 9/4) 3 x es V4.6) = = i r. V(L)jat Ror: ¥.(gR)- oH A)e A> (74) = AY, (£)+ OH) + P. (4) pt SS eee O-7 V( 7,8) ~ jz f 7. (Bae Ble $a Nou 2 [ # Pate farted GbE sdd-ds & 3 Gauseton Diverguver irene V(¥,6)= 4 fide - WP) dT YRES s a R redab Reo, (Bound Aussfacee ohare, clostity ) eo, 7 = ey (Bouma Voluune shary lowtty) 7 duly fou alitteatiie medinn ae a ae fim TP eee mde + ttt anole ‘S Ch pcunren fre 4 ieee . Jena + e7. eae : [eon ~ [Hatt » al \s ay = al Lal tl al al tal al aD aa AD aD aD a U, oe BM ote v. (E+£) os Lous 9 T(SEEOT to aes Be pisplereemput Veetor ee i d= Bye or ais cust Of 5 ee “ha cieleetve wectiibie. Ares See jesainty # « = ap won -cbeataie , P29 Ee ae es ees ei dietastave & €-kee- a Bu. cf per E ee w- (Ka) €6 E (25 etretLeal gucecpti bibely Ge GS Pimencttonlus GB jg the eouse, Ps tM affect = (k-s)| E: Appliect antrinnly #9 Fat alunyy (tint iT cixection of E ton te andar at jp bo ineteopte # Hf € i uttant mlowg Woy AMIETON aon wolrtol 4s joist to bv CALOUS atl G compoutult 4 Souoe ott €=|6e 9 Oy See ee Exx Eyx Eve 6 eee gee » |e bw Ey Exe l[: dy fr few exe Ev Hey | De Cg Gr Cr € } ee | Dy bor Ex tegy Gx Here Ee ny Ey & Exe Ee must bee ounclary fous. hors Lora ort ou Norual Lomportet op D is BR» Ryo LO tivrsuk Ow Se ductor e\|e = $ Dds = Ihe ae WefDi. & Ete ~ Gee (Auaedh uefaat is ot h-9) 4 Deh pn A 7 free [Pode Cra) iS gee Phe, it proce 2 clioleeLiver, thins ls ue free charge, Pua = Quon va ew. Ci Latur) oe (Ee ~ Gh t -2 ie > [Eve > Gy Mab dhonndy towstitions wll he Ul at SH Shae 4 bso Ede > Eve E, sinOs = Ex SinQy O% E) . 8m _® Si Gans aud (Pala = Con > & G), = ° & Gd), ky €o Er coll = Ky So & @e, 5, Ee. RS we Ea ke, 80, Pome tO ee ta aI fom DDD ADAP ALALA. 5‘fguucius Messonti Letationship ni me, dutty & a wt Lonel dieleotite Lowttawk with molecules polarisabclity & & Joume polarisation ® Dut te BUperenKiok As placentas : Of fous Soo CREA Orie! PUUVUTTT TOOT TTT TT a hs ae S Ohinatiow = ——! pur te ~olalion af AUpole in Ste otircetion of frelel folariuanility & Ability te git pelaruest piasiiaE« @ 3 Net atvetie fell Ewe Bs fC risation juld oun Jn polarization of molveute + — S ae uniform polaritalion te Freund = ~Y Feo en Cad i | = = E22 URES * E = Lf caresmede = PF ° 3GBie £ ib Pe ne [Ere 3€e [tsa PE, Bes > At Pe (k-4) ft t20,@ (Wemis= Viale) Le %= Vn ® Oe)u= (Pin) Keo (Ge), = Ki ée (Ei) PPP PL PLL PPL PL PD DL PDD DD tl aD a alta llves (by == ey Se a a is fool eg 2 ; mes) MCB) ~~ v A we ey is rept at outside potut > VV, =0 wee _«* 2. ees A AE 1p A Bix Fog 9 > dNen Acoma Qian = BoP dx aid n= THO — Ey TSE 2 Ne @ Sf T>>> 4, Vq/ 2) 2 EewKCOLS, S aet ates wae Vin =O i Brads: Bits 7 20,.\ Min = [twit « (18) = or bi) O& So Vin x e ee te} wo gh gi sao % at Yao. Via'Se ftw Ag + Ar: The Auitable cehoter Lom tor tek 0 Ke Vine B= Ao by Aut ® si A. 7 cose] ( —E, rwose 3 = Ge neIe=) Ao +A ¥ SO SoA 0 & Me SS edaedah wf lye dow (Set B \ ure! ® roe r Vv gh tat, - Vo Vin A, a Coe = fe af ae ) pes On ompartng , ae Q ‘y= epee) om alit-cle(eP (38). fi 2» kA COO = Ke feectre = 2be | A Cn COmepaung, Ay = “Es ra [Bo + 26 — a pros (Oma EDC ye, Be = Epg0? (42 eA 9 gy? 5 a3 CK- kp (a tale) A= Eo [r3ka ntaes) “Ka Ee FOL Sa Ve kta aaah (eee wya Kaden, ye DTPA PPP DLL PPT TTA aT a a a a aN> Dineatric thle reaver Like 0 CU pol. Noi | -\Eoy C80 + Pe ce) E903 cose J see "Sof ofpplied prelak ee suis te chipole oee Me ( kik) E03 Keo nape) | » pe ( kt-k2 \ Rae, &, | kites | exif Bee Eo abe “Pb. core dor Seduce AULf ace — olundtty BY ee x | €o 3 Kon UL ute Sj Oe % we VY Tat | T=4a Go Y= both ALL samt | | 2 dvi | —— aeealte &o (5 Foca WM) i ee ae lq+ ater AK Gir f Tas = J eGo enctsino de s >Pa ceomslueling, hocking 2 aAfeabila af pai’ 3 © daphne eovdineting Berk fond pout tharge: (00,4) 2 wy | | | = | \ q | a (0,00) > a , a a = A + : a \ ic 5 ae 3 fay 5 Vee-d = Cquipotintial =o 3 wiguanets toto? Jor a specifies bow covalction’ eee Polson OL iajiete 24 6K Om BL OWL Ou. i t : Suacwum of a Hobied | nague it batt Ov MuKquinde abvelu : hl lial a iTAT 7 iv a SOUT y 4a t 4K bo [. Met iat a) NV (41,2) = (0,0,0 1 ecu?) 7 a “an prbaine is squivetonst fe + (by sbspeetton) +4 @0,01) + TO, Veo ; +4 0,-) = 2 fe | ae ty etd)? fairy q attraction -Pangt. (Zt) ® dU= -1 Fade a fea. 2 Shit = So oz a=Findated = feos dud sags Londucting Ablurt ome point — = @ Vy hae [ =] “, Ha ate a Ata 4 i re. a A +dq = PAT oes eee | Pa poe N\ r [ve ; . ) dp we ee ? ag Siar = ope volume fate at ys G tuadoee pear Sed: frat {> ob G vel Pho.dyb daily =f v = f@xd)ae PES n® 2 4h (Wrl’-peT). da =05 7.74 o¢ ) dT =o { @ Fae) FT 4 Wt =0 at S equation oot in Muahodjanit ost, ? aio, Une zt " ee Gee Luwetion of Mn Sh oe ve Me ie E> aie). 9 82s 2 sows pice oe at 2 28) e ae MH eI Mh DADA AAT AASSTASISSISS natOe sect tinst Pid wot ehauging with Ss op tp ie € sf ae ee: favaltd TT where, Leetiic preld wlth aes rs = fo (T4 Ja) To: Gisplacumamt Pudvnk divrity TQ wt, Tr BB 26,28 79 Ea > 2 é P. daeretold, sued cdi be d ” Rita pe 4 be ae = AT poy volume “sv aes zs air = ee (Bato) 1 (gh potbatial apes ss — j sncllook of 4ohe I = Vida, db 7 SL dk fot cuttont ak ak4 Mamwelts 2qwellous® So ~& apt tea a # oe ie oF ae a) 3. vB 70 peers : h PLDPLPLA PLL LL PLSD LAL TT Dal a aS al al al ll¥ ‘yotiu)t = Ob vituek i F (Magus on) Hats aca Hi (Mag wetic Suttucity ) = 2 ] sais sewn | it. 4 Inopposite pee a ay # _ dh edn a Mantle x denlty in oppesite direction Hysteresis loop orp curve \ i {ae - dit a dom, oy dysttreris L90p = f é;*) df f Fale os ty elosed Avep : pe fdw=0 pe uni vabumat, : Ayctireuis Anse) Jie Or O90 us qual te ofees MuOLOLedl UW dye teretis Loop. NOME o> Txpewa H Sind det —-Tde =-pmH > E> fit 2 dtm ais) a £. Spence + jpinor =p [ive of HM fuse) cing hO= “Hm—dlteso) 2H dw cos6) pe pa See re ee a Cas FE FS re re FR F —Biot -Laworth Ler at piel dix ® — Ux 4 to ae. ahs =bs Dif dar aN ast ee = ae, Pe trom tous 4 neoaspele, §P.d? -0 s (Bxe) Hoqgetto. ole oat sae 4 @- 7h ~0h).> | Y bree spent S Laplaer 2qu0K0r Jt amine 1 wagpaloatis 1 LOAbOn Aap of whale ouaion & welntatio peter scalar ae $y. -otle= GR al fal olur be 1 1 ae Stuart Loop. i 7 Aotid angle” Pao i b Wat Loop A Aaltindledh Jey zl 2 oe laf a fT A DD a aD aT a a a a al al ol N Daft DDD noo a “Bai of Later lion ©) 5% > E> fo [ as = 3 Ht) OG 9 "S oRela E2S ns Mosuatiseal Aphis in Uurifoun fiolol a Br Hes i px 7 Ka °(,8) WUT AAT Aaa 1717 Ste et % a e - z UUUVUVY he ty a fh 3 , aE “fe | Be He?c Sei S fot owteil poids & at dutforet dum Helle arse (74) Couctition® =o) = pM 2 -0) = BM ase te> “Pied et ee aie 9 = HM ev. 2 Hs SB Ao) Be (ito. 3. Now, T>¢in =o anol G60) = (ih “he tov init nm, Hie= x Het = (peo Dm - 8 a : ao | PP IPDTD IIL DAL LD DI IID LDDDD DAD DIT ADAc. beets [oe chess mir wens F Ac sous: © V= Ve sim (ot) N= _ Jen Je BORE Ri eA AED taj SiM8 : Be rly Te P 2 Sooty e J te Suduvelio lh i Xe = jel Note T = Vv 2 duspedenet é eee YeattomerX.- 4 > =) > foviee Lr scious as pre igi = Teper @) 3 pugtt eff mney) A See Rijol AR Ho Paxson = Tous Vine CPG] Conde ower factor yeas. So AES > fries RO Cutt tae S both the about niteuie oun’ ot utd 04 Sudip ator or diflesuntiatog 5 Sehieg UC.t fuiyh T+ ian) es S pale TER Jegee) a Wy fase DEMO? Xe S fore ms Ratowawer~ Le et é ai reaotine park ma “es Waal din toctio’ : in “2° Ausuld Jor 0. Nakurad frequcsy G Hue wl: & > Wr £9 teAb Relonanes, fower > Me™ ae ae dt Pehonantt + Bip wifetarun ( bet ( douies) + Llibict ib Mand nine { seapoute , fomen Js warms } Yais eiLeuit ( Aeries Lee) iu Balled Accepted AU Avil mo 2a soley of veriakle Frey than a are ree anti thot hey for whith w= Wo wa: Hod poder freg S nn frequamaies of applica EMF whow power poll to dod] of wa. powes, Somali, = 4 ~%2y Nov R ea [Mee ae ayy AG oD eet (ear ih = Apr Ai ae. be. gol = ee Ee. we PAMADAD AM ADAD AUP PD PTL DAD DP PAD AT aD al a a al al a aN + ees G XL — —_—W ee ee ee = e tye |Bee at 3S = (vty) = (lo Hur) Wo Wa O _ Wy Wye tee ag ra a oe Rosonamt f7e7 ee ote wsan of HAL power fof uercite Aubtcacting + waw)e= (5 - es (Wx - WL = (ase) a = Ah ee + Bxte)e oe be Hewiomonrt of Ul ieteb uy, +5 1 ewan ti Anaxpuore of YelOmamel er & ao mediate * tuitiu” Be \ abouk Wy G frie LCR ELL at peronaner 8 allel voltege av Ok Me Frdivisvoll, 4s v. Large af mroguifijig OAOuIE” sv peh otf et & O- faster alte # modiurtimond of voltage wou Vectors tl. ve | Q@> 50 f Qe Vo > Vi te YER ge ieee Sede ip rae ough UL 4M =0ae he He ee we oie venga cS pvt wl ‘aes J lot +%)) ooo LPG se S. ye PIF fos Yee tise jot ee wee fe 4 dt folonomer + Y dd walacentin b ott (farabut) 5 amr Lee: * Felpouse Lurene 18 wt Power factor 1s want mls ae tay Fi ie am os J wl P 20 at rromames. iif Di Dd A a dad Dad aD AD AT aD a aT aT aN al a a a DN Wis piLeuit (parale Le) Js colkecl, FejeetD’. Joroust woutualia: for omsiols? Retoraner i nA, dtorte e perteet aque ovis | pobacon JOULOL & tystim te. uo time stag, Tero im ese parallel, peaeldnes reactive oucut of svupeclaret/ AOUMoWee mae oe au, du Mais Lab vespouse of the syttion Jereduits Oprtiaiuen.. [Sittied wun, a 5TOTTI TT AT TTT TTT TT — Parallel Lee eireuit et werouawer 46 calleel current wun guification score - rfactor if alto wtacurtiment of Aut tack agi fea” u obo uve > Lowe Conttond G Qutput = K Pampa for 4 Vout-= 2) RO Arse & 7k {vin ww | j Vout * & {Mm otk if Ww £ ck ouput imag 2) BL sus eae Sugut Oubut Caliy toed SS ae Aippusntiator Lieut Nout * 2 [vie - at it oe > utput = Xt) fou + Mout = Koda 4) Re gue ¢ — ; = Nout = &¢ (ww! Vout) a) RY Bien dogut outwut pat cad oo R (Nin) Nos) yoo«K st t Re if WSK BD.C Suculs, > at dint whim dustehiad oir (day) La dreuit (Arawiiunt retpousi) suite 1 tucani ee dit > ow Lee duis Lineuit (Kousiout eipouse) {fang aucittorors i Spank os v VU AN, = Vie Coust LdtyQ+iR=-V ce At Te do de ri. S (ott ZeDewS)L=O gr (P+ 2eD +00,") @- > O= M+ solution ennous purr u Joluion of eq uh whi Wee 2 (Han gens ws cir i ' PPPLPLLLLL LLM ah ed ad al (Ort Beds WA) @ =O > aes 2 (K*H LK t92 )pe“* co htWUT * FE E é f > - 0 Ft ws ~- na > Foe fo~ 2 I? C>W, (Overdauped) 2» af on IR>ee Brie tone try >ce Tena oe ee Va eu | eae U Qe [eve te ] Mt c=w, Crétinalty caged) issn COW. tex RE Be (waddawnpeat) w= —¢ tl farce SS. Jigt-e* > Lowptitr 20° Q > v tye Ta os (Tara) + g Sines) as a Qe vse a sin wee p ] he, 4 Mellations = wis [wre of a oatSkeckbedy posbiation. ; ok agus Sump. dul in £0 Meat owattecl any _ Blackbedy yooiatlon 2 Ruste ov agutlie “Yealla on, ug) dv= qadiated dolackbodiy at au Vand vidy : Plowes Yh00 “d Dlackbody tadliation chawher ds fulltet up wot with Tadiation; but lio with Single harmonie olectatnrs ob yaonaters of by wolreuler climovstous, Onde he Lxlorsge of place, eoubinissttllys fesse, ei 3 AL Dw integral wa ep tre aneiyy 4 2 & > Cows Lottant 7 disuumplious +) =u (6-686 x14) Ais wrttins Shak on “OSeilialar of fe. LO grit OL absorb Shas Pod ahorn dn yualt S| quante 4 woo guia st Aa. w mulltion ob asorpton is wot @ hres procus. Eqs WHY. eed 82a ha a aad 2a 2a a al Mala a a a Sh ll lhl Ll li lil ik ah opaladext Ue 4 | i \ | | pp uk | i ph ibe | an i er —_ x. Oe A — YdT Ow a aT 9 T= oust. 5 wets ditplaconmonct AmT = Coust > Aut: >| f6 be 0:2896 mk, Jib phat? W502 Ga E /* pie +m,7C" 2 €= pe opine = hw kW «= ian eo atenpion. huadt es q Lowe ol Ail ee 5 Now a) wrodles © of creittation Y EM atoves bli Hof Touge, * > uw) dave joe uW)dv= SAVdY hy ee bey ey 278 uqave SRA dy) > Madd radiation . forma ie oe gm,pe 6 ow RRS da gy dl © sidal 4 = he Gh aby) da ins ce > bat fou diffused sodtolion ro soe AT BRKV av U J ce whet > oe 68 eon (eit sii ACHES but Sit © dv Kay wh RS : cA KTS ait Us — eo wh DT gw 4 § See tome ‘ Not? j ade = Or Z (Qrimomn - Bebe fre ov) re 4 = — > a » oom The et 4 €- ee Gh Bhat) Bs pee) oe ee ea 3 3 a a ml a a 3 : a 3 a a 2afe niger, wavelength (ower freq) Aide va da= Skee JA ae ees al Au ee 4 Nain dauge AS as Swoll wid baw awe Waer dors é 244 she AS AT ulabdd= 8K ke Ad ay &aey uldyda = 8RET da hyip. Goes es ue da ~ (& eee tee v anil i 9: “ae At Louse, woveltngss higher fey) side 4 he ae xt AKT : hoo, Bat. aa es. A) et Ud)dAs ually en vs. UA)AA = 10,Debr ar A Wels distribution toro G wetu gave & lowe How Welt displacemort 149 ( Aw wt b)* ua = gAke A ea de at dU 7 Gf a SaOw AOdlutig we , — *« Poa => wher w= he ** ees: Aw leT 5 R445 he 82 4.95 Poll Ay Ee ne = b= 0-A89G Gu k Awet . G9 PM DD MADD DD DLL DMA Dal tall alll all al alll A :Blestomag uilie ae Experimental favo Nathewatieat low Hoxwells qu Fe foutoneks (ee om ge ee one v.e- 2 fu didteori $0.48 - Ypree 9.0 Thee @ Gauss Laud of et eee $é.di-0 VHoo % Honopotesde not 2st © Jaradaus tau) a ENT Wf aay i vou 0 Ait, fl Sa my slestive field “Dh tas is tacos yy G piseuterd Latin, a4 wellees. Si Seo Gs =a) ee . 9-0 ot Diristioant purse <5. PS dinsity 2 = ay * Mansell commotion te Ampardr Lou Ori p(s aE Son duietion vtutbont diutity® SR tron, Ohwis Law Ta ok Moxwell equotiont in, CLe6ts- wos itious et OS Doy -Gxey- ft Tope IVE 13 \ will be €0 = Oe | vou. a V.V-0 a | OL ~ eco Roe 3) xP = - 28 ae be 3 i =, 250 <7: yal patel S Tele 2 beds & a 1Yo Loupe Que equations, trrke ers euch Y © anc O Sr (Gre) - Fs BP 7(FE)- EWI) » 9 Gi) M VE =0 vrE~ - 2 (7xP) eS be “ges x : ¢ 2 Lipo: eee Hialton i >) Wy: 2 Py 7 eet 9/ es os Te B= poeoBE os Cpa BE ie 2 0) 5 Bigg > loco a she — yoga ee 70s as at co ot a OS =0 ct Wane squalions a Pie t yu" of EH wine bn Hee, pal Jw Aiolootries ? (if wot he WDy — ae oe PEIN Dby — by = fe Ds 1 — HB ond OY ae wo ob Pen t Cn. y eee ee oud Ds — ya + bry VEN 1 Ga We Dy= ey Ex t Evy Ey tere & De > Caner Gra Ly + Ene dow Sjrot opt * Deed Cex Ex Dy = O¥y Ey Der Grr Ex > 2 . <€ 4or nowsts ereois 2 €nx = Eyy = S22 III IIAIT A, PPAITIIL IT.— hurl ef @ Sx (Tre) 2 Oy re 2D T(V-E) - ae > 2 Ue oe Gob wotropie diclootue * Deets + QD2 co rs yt Now pee i + Cue ae + by Be No ee a6 - 41 EY re, Wo" SIGE so E By > a Hips td + poe 3E ~- Bo purr at? ye tonttonst oo a re ee r oe = = r , rs ay Feprachive gudlen 4) 70a WO Hoe bald) ~ 0% Nate wb Ps 2 Tr ecT ve Ys as ae Wwe 5. 7 Aoluow Js & oe a > a# Ean & ab im Lamb plow 4 iw Lomalueling wdihhtuh 2 + O55 Ft0 = pa -0 >>) > ao Pre = - 28 ot -@ TeB- > op %, T+ 2D = fe E+@& 0E yl T+2e) [* | -@ He, Se = SS vn T(VeE )-wes -2 [p (pete Fe] 3 re a wee eer ed las > EM wave in K at ms Yas | foal ing svelte me P= po 28 + pre FE aed g por OB + poe TE ALU WON > P will dren 2% sthnualid wove squall = por ee) = fe e pr dtemuatid swe 2 yee 3 4 Pry ese cle et] RR, 4 = Zag Py aaa ' 4 2¥, _ SL EF)? wt) Evil ro p20 Es ! Ee 7} swallinuabiot ay be UPA F wt] © w pltil ate \ ers Yew. 2 cue FE Attenuation Pacercetera Etre. 26. eo = tGhee aE eh Afmortioratly ebin Ce, Japodteaat 2-[i (5 B calleol shoacitiies, fugedones, Ss _pponiion eecidl py wae au Pea | peo propegati on 4 EM wave CT treet eps LB Lharsotirislia impede. t & a vatuum ot free space Zo = (FORKS) «3H aw Po= Yaron? —# EM wounds Ab Such Bhat E BE fou aight hawclsd fied. Now, TXB - foe ae ot e a Loftiwn J (Ex8) =e we ; cai » FXe + “pews Gtk, a dium “ cP xe = K(ExR) MSY ayy (4 yy [ping G Poprtentad Joy Gp etal Vv. (2xe) note: F.(Rxw) = B. (Fx) - F- (@x¥) Wendenos Fe (Exe) =H. (FxE) - ©. (TH) sha chy: URS, v.(@x#) - ey, - ey Te. ab } Honsoells ena Si. tbe een ee abe otVe eae zee ° dt = of TE at = 2 pie Wolk dowt pe fuk But ow halt af | S poutewalion f wlth AOIYES ky Erivove — o60ls iit oth ubdaniet by en pid a, Lov wail aqualion o| —> fal 6 datos Morid du em = woves eH ua CM owe. is Basniedk of voles, | & (Bx) =F. - (# EB) E-pR at F-E€ oe 2 RB. Rp de » (2) Hae DEG feed a8 2 2 +22 GH) -23@%) cad @.2D | Ee 5 Anittily 2B. £2 5) oe of s 2h pm ., Vv. (ext) 77 FE~2 [20+ 28) ce Tienes _ 7 .€ 3 us 4 (67+ ER) at a 5 a aes“ Voyuting Hee otom pe cecal eee z= < ae en rS Be ee Was te in €M eoanes re Renae eee 5 2 Que st SEE fouling Veetor (3) ap 2 2 = ei) = ~ 73sPoggi fn ent oho tg Jaohe zg k XY] Mubrally Ly t | est — 2x se : w vain Cet the oo & Rea a o GBs Ae Le = Kt sin0; x4 kj Cos; 2 & v vos bee Non mageche: nauttuols: siecle . q bus bs ; puspo 0 oo ¥ -wit) Se plame-of tt forey Om EF a 5 et a jblet 88 Ex(w = ES e p(Ro? 9) CG x zy sretval, ooh icon R= Sy efEr\*.y* whe a lice? Si & et Reftcotivi ae 2) yt Mambeaes ex 3 = i i = ala) S ent 1g) eamawaithiviby * by oTe “oe ey Ge ny 2 Ee > Seah, Lash prot ote Oe v2 Cx ii= Sy the covuewation, § $ 4 oH 2 PF cama Se Si St > Using Condor € Eis (Edag (Ede) 2 ara ae (€Pay € J (e-F ea +( Ea lle? eee me Beet d Soowinyt pha watt be dome J a: Au a 3 ae 2 le & + (EDiog * Drang pi + e> Hee eae pial Gi mit “ ig? = KrF (tous of reflection) Yxmy)t 1220 p im Yi = leg Sindy * + 6, = B= ky SinOy o> Be 39,2 Be pest Fe eu es XRANG FRE tre}, Rive KK sinors Ey SinOy = Ey? sy SinOi = Ky Sino, oe > kk ~ ees {> Ee — shy ee ky> Shae 8 =) SinO; =Sin®y OL [OT =O, ISint Bt HF [o> 4 aroetion) ¥34,12 2.5 be Sine = ky Simo Soe 2 he Abe wes fe Ny Sin Ot ke Spe # a > SinOi 2 ny ' SinOe ny Z a Now + Ou Oma touts will de cbtained sf we ute ¢ ou w De o€ Sieg * (Et, Begs Eng hor (Hiang a (Hang ~ He)tamg, Mie Eo, "Be oy. He HE ae ee eae Asuudey dbat © is paral A) Plame g Snsiolanct oY is in Yip? Gnkale a Songs boundary — ; iHet He = He = @& (Ed_4 Ede = Eve Ez Caso; — Ey thOy = EL OPE —_ © > Ot = 8, 2 GOs WSOr & (CE Ae) renee WEY I soi ant Et MES Ng Ee 25 20 2s 2 Bem Cx) ~ eee > © my ty vente’ of wOtwral SUKdUAce | Bf Op= Oe => eee uae eee 7 nay Bai reo Wel AAT © aud © wei gt, ie Replacing fe» SIMOE” (pe) Sin dOC — Sn dO" M ——S SIM 20, + SindOy, = a Tuy CO Ot el AAAI AAA TTTOe brenaplers lit i ee oe tie onal = t= fon (i- 0) Jann (Bit 6) Of O00 = 90 5 YO te Ge) i w { » araltel |. etial comport & E tn vefleeted etal inburval — Paguiimannts * © W,4NL .mitieal angle o Ot > 8% Oe = Sin“YMa ) (nm, ) > sin®; > Sind. Simo, > Ma LPMaiw Binder oF At Sin “te ee [ae oi [ay| fase thee te plat deswuaing E At LY pl vel & Lie ow bound a4 Luciolomee > Eit Ey> Ex. ——.O NA (Hi) + Ure = (He), —® = yy WO; +Hy LOr = - He erOe O= Oy Ob OSBi = Woy 2 Him Hy = BESee He COLO; ME wg Er * “Zo ze ibe vu, Ee Oi 25 pee Cr fy Er ys Se Sede na wtS); My Aida s ® s & t ® *: E + e g Sin(Bi 6) Sin Gite)| AUPYLion ke EM oe Hee i ae eye. Fes ple wait wrote > |e=n ss | 3 = j (Prd) ese oe ‘ oe 0g Paves Php le ad won oy oO eT oy (oo 4 atipeltd) [yok x bs | SF re CERPVNr ce etka re | ; - eBe = Narphase, 2bipt dine bf a= = ly a thar Dem. gee Guation g wrotion of a wid. portions % | SREP CSc: foo. tte 3 wet = ye =@)-0F 4 EY: ake iad a ta ae oe. Pea? a ) See Ay a av Uy ther eee S mr 8 oe wm bere | c ~Jwt fares oy ee es ores ejeat Foye 7 fe wel (E Dg, a SS _> vatiabion of Refractive Indie wtb. @ dre OS POW. Ve oi dn ye : baw. ve od & we igi du av a hd) ae ined a woue if made te Suridut on amy ddilretite mtcbion nde Om djeliatiic wus. Ce, EY i Mla els 35 Polo rita bide fre gy (E+ Vx8)> tree: = jut Pr asch tar > fe ae -j oY ( prtacd tee) ¥ = fos = jlo) ey foe A yo -jo D? FAcDt o> ; jee a ae a jwe a foe oA cee re as as 5 - to* — de ju te Wyrm Ref Poe aguante a ajwt 4 pa ot es fee gs tom! evs Sa a > in Pe a) ww #4 Hew € ae » ~j (wt 2 np femme Lywt > > etter a (wa-*) = acw) j (E.7-wt) Be oe ee uh a (en? sw) ACJ > yee e Ya [qa2 002) mete le: 2 ee ap agin’ Ho edit top Tih eye te aieleebui, warkivn ebmpeves af —— for wnat vol wth matical fre. Wi Shen le w[eg-w) ~ 2eiaj] WOVUVT TUTTO TATA TTT a| ? s | C= Tab e G Sesdt ne 63 Be : a oes fo foe 2) 205) | Ae pe We E; ig - (leo) 2c} | Aion ie to. a Meo Fwy “Regi Optoimed <7 eee = | oe poset |W > 6 oe 4 (ep -W) ~2ea} 0 pmounal & n= Ls 2ow x Ne expos 8 Bingo & (Cw) ~ Lew} Notual dispersions dn s Wen cot oe SSN eve or lus Ada lous ee le ts die bie ose tt i. aM We 9 Jelbinieds -ey fangs | Reade ed 5 wt pas nd 12: | amG WC) ok Ape we > al | Wet + ee me 27-4 | h . maraey BN [tae] ne tty et Dat [arabs ae amaGe) ae we (: ere ama pee)... Bees ee eae aS ae tbat He ahwoars toudtont but lus poate. fom 1 oe hk “ ABE EEC »~ A + WO, ae calli alosor plow fey YY wadim porticbes AOlL TL? we We (Anomalous ois pettioy) sun “fps fe cai whl Datamagea eae eg Pe tt ete et eae Jot e " ames a wo -2e09} t * Ru SO 5 rapeeteeaeitt Ent jn ‘ ee foh-to* ~aleto} pees oe f= 0 2 Mid-freq fo alia Logs 4 cobled etOnonr er Frey lpi EMA aa Wi Eo “ACW ie Sy ane ATES 2cw VOUT VV TTT TTT5 nyt jM- =n Lk a= Se | alm E> acon? pee ee; 1 Aefeods On. Ce. v9, 7 “this Dn he Le ° Sve 7 Kromalout digperslore a; vs oe | re | if | be * [pete gt | aate “ = Sao ylESF-2) Sy ew 2h € a ot “ = j BF wt) €. e feenee 7" xj (B.P tot ~4) = : cabste RP aes sore omnia a agg shies ETE =e ay Oa lh eS ih ate Shysili & w [ews + horus] Aesth ote eo te [lwe-isy* + Hep} > Meakin prrtieles oboe Sea ae ji ~j (wt 4) == p> p> € p [ees how] G shase palate will hom, Aol vattrrel prep. nid onan. vobuacat, fof eee ET GS et teawen Wilt Aogpecs + dupolts wll absorb mow ese radar Out | otetLlatong ee oa ‘ Gy qh By hyp jor owed atid" @ Ligh weld Yor prev polielu @ Ahowsrow ah eu ‘-5 \s| : IS pitot A+ costo) am YK oe a \ : wns (208% =) is Ba losis SuTree of ra.0H.ali on ae es Liar e Fo Adue 4 ca fg Mey : Pv. eens ‘ (ex &) fiety vetutt quale pj tovsltr’ tae 2 as facto. Knguon OL di du lbuttly A) cvame ped Aen aeTOUT TTT TTT TT TTT TTT TTT o TB 20 A PrE- - 2b - De > Se oo Wat) ars (2 Qt DE ¥. [FP +2*¥ Jro > et: © ashe SS Lub of ge chiens Ee atte ye DY we \Cbw ) bette Ere a pod. ¥Cj AM ke? Ah : (nur Prom --V4 2 Ceelouag nile a ‘4 ey: wala, olin Static. Commiuclion Zag: | thaw -q vail SG (6)! Cleet owagnalio polwctrale, G& a: t Atale Amvectant BaF ow < ious (> weols wartont [Re f) are Abate prowele feiss stan. LUO ; obit D Uta y Cy popourdtmé OW etl HINA. tS eailss e Ee? veariod § K ‘tangy wut Pabricah Ee p umigialy Uaveuri lok af atOr A) Ore Roni iP ~ ~ °F dou thang fee Tacn = Tea + Seta) j of2 > 1 iy ¥ = de = eee: at 8 ee ee eae | Ae vay tage) Sax, a BL #92 (By et - 209 = ea ay ~ 3) = a wal chomge € - ae ae a a ae an ® darwin pata ponamcclens carniqutly, vanwell eq wattont sin bir of Ak WE 2 > y E io Lia pee 26 ee Be Hie poem ot TxB - po (Pre wy a ee F(Po4 2B) socd. ot c vib + BWR) ~~ ot &s S foulowh & is Pouverti wile pati 10 Soul hie li +f =nnn A TTY 5 Using, vb BO 4 2 (Wt a De = CULE plat, Gudee Mer wb 4 2 +12 [FF+4 4539 ]- - ¢ Me 2 (Sse ye y z SF Pe Loose Ra g in Auch & hot Uris coudwtiow iho > Lotoude ~ Gauge coucdictiion ees Vikt a 3-0 oo Ob vo- = -f = as & me Ong = “tue fey et peal Melo pee STy= Vn) 4 Jie yy [re mL y ee eT pot (te*) = poe Sy Te, 2.93 = e ov e % wee We. + A OE Vx b= Me LI ew 5 COE 2x (7x2) i Pe seat) = de F(T-R) OTR 4 2 [Mo] ALE nF~ =, — > slap) -4 2A - 4 F/2b)e-pod ore (eH) ~ 2 TA SL (Be) re = wy 4 PA - Vi aR+e Be) SPT: & ate & ae) oe G eo 4 Lokpabe Gage condition o ("a8 ae )\h = nF ot™ Gees tf = Wee Go Ut oaphudid than Das the woves by nec “co ry, = tet 2 Haywoel! squatton, th Sains of 4 veotors MA = : i of Maowill ” oweoT Linvoriouct , Maapesallisily gasptie We RUOW, — by = Xp Hy au rear bouslition Js Lotute swartiant i LS Ae DAx 4 DAy 4 Wha +4 2g = ate ax ay 92 c OM ec: Politi Spee 21, My 4 DA + BAY TES amy 2% OG ay 4 Bowe e (Given) Dep Rei 4o tho * s OMe : wr ony ye Ap oc AR > dA = oy daw dup = pv Ay aS dA! gers ayy! by = > duvartaut Crovariawee of Nawuo ell 29 u" me ce da frome St D*Ap> Ho Tp tale, ARe(A’, ‘$) Tpe(T tea) we pouy ts thow 0! Ay = “Ke TOTTIDrs Ol" JE Lokeads frviariant [dour 2arler) er ee Cay = Hey! OU ap = “Hele ata

~ Fa Fx --Gr p~ QI Qs go eA wttiie Fay Rae RE mabhine Be ciety on = ake ) ag = OB mo ex 7 arew? Pree tis fA. ne mney DR Os cf | oe bog aay - 9A> =1& | Vhs Oy c Jauotrouauetic fill =[ 0 6, -6, -ifi fasoe Fe! “t,o See, “5 b 88 ss Skeet ouany atc field trtor olepin0d 4 a = a ss a i & tuk - ay mundbrie tugor of “Est aera Sk axpusis St Componusls of fietal parantters Ce, Jn Stud) of R awh fs =2(6°- &*) eesapitlowal Now fous Veto, 2 Sb HE Miflicral At He anaccuct op fretet poising ierugh unit, onc af fll p thsdigh wnt atta of thu wAfaee te itadiion pupordioulan Je fhe plant ovdaiuting | Cond & uu tit Mons pi 2@ at Da ducett c toni ficauee @ gis. ou o propagation Of @ fe rapiuns wuatuical powel pet unit ALLO. foyutiv Yhrotuic® dis Moku gays Oiot, be wotk Hie gol noe mae mas Jue deca, sty vit fot , fuss Ba anergy Sat Plow out Lt ple Ht Afar fauftipl, Lcattiring _ S blue Lobo 2 the Bigdd suctertug oe been ine kta as trowl 2B pilin par feoux a ait vad Stine Lies ml uae eorieponrdls Je tlie, iedonstine 2 what OL PEE re cin Fok tatoner atte Ob Asian 2 the asl tae tye thy, > Be Thiele au has ‘pad vdtualty fat the blir ligt scettirrd dict din Dagd wha Ks, ES C & VOUT TUT TTT TTT TTT TTLaplace’s Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates and Bessel’s Equation (1) 1 Solution by separation of variables Laplace's equation is a key equation in Mathematical Physies. Several phenomena involving scalar and vector fields can be described using this equation. They are mainly stationary processes, like the steady-state heat flow, described by the equation V?7' = 0, where T = T(x, y,2) is the temperature distribution of a certain body. ‘The general Laplace's equation is written as: vy =0 () where V? is the laplacian operator. We are here mostly interested in solving Laplace's equation using cylindrical coordinates. In such a coordinate system the equation will have the following format: 1a ( af 18h PF bop ("5e) +e ae! 4 Pf Lop LPP PF oP rar Part OF ‘We will now attempt to solve equation (2) using the method of separation of variables, We start by postulating a solution having the following factorized form: $(r,8,2) = R(r)T(O)Z(z) (3) Replacing this solution in (2) yields the intermediate result: q IR | RZ@T nl Z To aa ar te age te? and, dividing both sides by RTZ and shifting the term containing Z on the right-hand side, ids ele Re gee efits 1027 Ra? *7Rar * Pa? Za @ In the above equation the left-hand side depends on r and 6, while the right-hand side depends on 2. The only way these two members are going to be equal for all values of r, @ and = is when both of them are equal to a constant. Lot us define such a constant as —(2; it will become clearsoon why we have chosen a negative number, rather than a positive one. With this choice for the constant, considering the left-hand side of equation (4), we obtain: eZ Ga fa=0 ©) ‘The general solution of this equation is: Zz) = are + age Such a solution, when considering the specific boundary conditions, will allow Z(2) to go to zero for = going to too, which makes physical sense. If we had given the constant a negative value wwe would have had periodic trigonometric functions, which do not tend to zero for = going to infinity. Once sorted the z-dependeney, we need to take care of r and @. Equation (4) reads: Lar Lan, 1 or Rdr? " rRdr © r°T de® Ler Te (6) Again we are in a situation where the only way a solution can be found for the above equation is when both members are equal to a constant. This time we select a positive constant, which we call m2, The equation for T becomes, then: To ter @ Its general solution can be written as: (0) = ky sin(mn) + ky cos(mn8) ‘This solution is well suited to describe the variation for an angular coordinate like @. Had we chosen to set both members of equation (6) equal to a negative mumber, we would have ended up with exponential functions with a different value assigned to T(@) for each 360 degrees turn ‘a clear non-physical solution. Last to be examined is the r-dependency. From (6) we have: Per Rar th 4 eR aR Pgs tra tO —m R= 0 (8) Equation (8) is a well-known equation of mathematical physies called parametric Bessel’s eaua- tion. se mlution it = A Ta (Lx) th To UD)