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Analysis of Fertilizer

The document provides an analysis of fertilizers, defining them as materials applied to soil or plants to supply essential elements. It categorizes fertilizers into mineral, organic, and inorganic types, detailing their characteristics and methods of analysis, including the Kjeldahl method for nitrogen determination and various techniques for potassium analysis. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding fertilizer composition for optimal agricultural management.

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amar.jena01
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17 views27 pages

Analysis of Fertilizer

The document provides an analysis of fertilizers, defining them as materials applied to soil or plants to supply essential elements. It categorizes fertilizers into mineral, organic, and inorganic types, detailing their characteristics and methods of analysis, including the Kjeldahl method for nitrogen determination and various techniques for potassium analysis. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding fertilizer composition for optimal agricultural management.

Uploaded by

amar.jena01
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ANALYSIS

OF FERTILIZER

NAME=AVINASH JENA
CLASS=XI SCIENCE
ROLL NO=06
WHAT
IS THE
FERTILIZER?
ANY MATERIAL
APPLIED TO A SOILOR
PLANT TO SUPPLY
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
IS CALLED FERTILIZER

SOME DIFFERENT
TYPES OF FERTILIZER
ARE:-
1) MINERAL
2) ORGANIC
3) INORGANIC
MINERAL
FERTILIZER
Mineral fertilizers are
the inorganic
substances consisting
of essential
micronutrients which
are applied to the soil to
enhance the
phytoavailability of
micronutrient content in
soil, thus improving the
quality of crop
ORGANIC
FERTILIZER
An organic fertilizer is a
fertilizer that is derived from
organic sources, including
organic compost, cattle
manures, poultry droppings
and domestic sewage.
Materials of animal origin
used to maintain or improve
plant nutrition and the
physical and chemical
properties and biological
activity of soils is called
organic material.
INORGANIC
FERTILIZER
Inorganic fertilizers are man-
made formulae that can be
formulated for various speeds
of release. Most common are
Urea, Single Super
Phosphate, and Murate of
Potash. Pesticides are
substances that are meant to
control pests or weeds.
Inorganic fertiliser may be
cheaper in the short term, it
adds less to the soil in the
long term
ANALYSIS OF
FERTILIZER
TYPICAL FERTILIZER LOOKS
LIKE:-
1) UREA CRYSTAL

2)
AMMONIUM SULPHATE
WHAT PLANT
NEEDS?
WHAT IS
ANALYSIS OF
FERTILIZER?
ANALYSIS OF
FERTILIZER MEANS
FINDING THE ELEMENST
IN THE BAG AND THEIR
PERCENT CONTENT
TOTAL NITROGEN
KJELDAHL METHOD
The Kjeldahl method
first came into existence
in 1883 and was
developed by a Danish
chemist named Johan
Kjeldahl. This method
was specifically developed
for determining the
nitrogen
contents in organic and
inorganic substances.
EQUIPMENT AND
APPARATUS
The Kjeldahl method was first
conducted using stone fume
hoods and gas mantles. A few
years down the line, macro-Kjeldahl
digestion, as well as distillation
instrument, was developed and
used. The setup consisted of
Kjeldahl flasks also. There is a
miniature version of the setup
known as micro-Kjeldahl
equipment which consists of smaller
sized units.
In recent years, the equipment has
further gone some significant
changes and aluminium or
ceramic heating blocks are used.
This setup can even accept several
straight digestion tubes at once. In
addition, “Block digesters” are
used alongside bench top distillation
units with steam generators in-order
to decrease the distillation time.
The equipment is mostly made of
corrosion-resistant materials.
TOTAL NITROGEN
KJELDAHL METHOD
Overall, the Kjeldahl method is
divided into three main steps. The
method has to be carried out in
proper sequence. The steps include
digestion, distillation, and titration
1. Digestion: In this method, a certain
substance or sample is heated in the
presence of sulphuric acid. The acid
breaks down the organic substance via
oxidation and reduced nitrogen in the
form of ammonium sulphate is
liberated. Potassium sulphate is
usually added to increase the boiling
point of the medium. Catalysts like
mercury, selenium, copper, or ions of
mercury or copper are also used in the
digestion process. The sample is fully
decomposed when we obtain a clear
and colourless solution.
𝑂𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑+𝐻2𝑆𝑂4→[𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡]
𝐶𝑢2+(𝑁𝐻4)2𝑆𝑂4
2. Distillation: The distillation of the
solution now takes place and a small
quantity of sodium hydroxide is added
to convert the ammonium salt to
ammonia. The distilled vapours are
then trapped in a special trapping
solution of HCl (hydrochloric acid) and
water.
(𝑁𝐻4)2𝑆𝑂4+2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻→Δ𝑁𝑎2𝑆𝑂4+2𝐻2𝑂+2
𝑁𝐻3
3. Titration: The amount of ammonia
or the amount of nitrogen present in
the sample is then determined by back
titration. As the ammonia dissolves in
the acid trapping solution some HCl is
neutralized. The acid that is left behind
can be back titrated with a standard
solution of a base such as NaOH or
otherbases
.𝐵(𝑂𝐻)2+𝐻2𝑂+𝑁𝑎2𝐶𝑂3→𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3+𝐶𝑂2+
𝐻2𝑂
Formula for
Calculation
The percentage of nitrogen can
be determined using the given
formula:
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒= 1.4𝑉∗𝑁/𝑊
Where,
 V = acid used in titration (ml)
 N = normality of standard acid
 W = weight of sample (g)
ANALYSIS OF
FERTILIZER
AMMONIACAL PLUS NITRATE-NITROGEN
BY THE DISTILLATION METHOD

The Devarda method is used


for the determination of
nitrogen as sum parameter in
nitrate and nitrite. This method
is not suitable in the
presence of organic
compounds, calcium
Cyanamid or carbamide.
Nevada’s alloy reacts with
sodium hydroxide to form
hydrogen. The produced
hydrogen reduces the nitrate
and nitrite to ammonia. The
ammonia is steam distilled
and trapped in boric acid
solution and titrated with
sulphuric acid (H2SO4).
In this Application we present
the Devarda Distillation of
sodium nitrate mixed with
ammonium dihydrogen
diphosphate and the
selective direct distillation of
ammonium dihydrogen
phosphate in the presence of
sodium nitrate without
addition of Devarda’s alloy.
ANALYSIS OF
FERTILIZER
DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM
Potassium is a primary
macronutrient for plants, it
plays an important role in
water regulation as well as
plant growth. In NPK fertilizers,
potassium is present besides
nitrogen and phosphorus,
which are the other two
primary macronutrients.
Knowing the quality and
content of a NPK fertilizer
allows an optimal fertilizer
management for a planned
culture, saving costs.
Traditionally potassium is
determined gravimetrically or
by flame photometry. In this
Application Note, an alternative
method is presented, where
potassium is determined a
precipitation titration. Various
solid and liquid NPK fertilizers
with potassium contents
between 10 and 27% were
analyzed. After the removal of
any present ammonia, the
potassium can be determined
reliably in about 5 minutes.
ANALYSIS OF
FERTILIZER
STPB METHOD
(sodium tetraphenylboron)
METHOD
The analysis is carried out with an 859
Titrotherm equipped with a
Thermoprobe. The titration is based on
the precipitation of potassium with
sodium tetraphenylboron (STPB).
An appropriate amount of sample is
weighed precisely into the titration
vessel. Deionized water is added to
dissolve the sample, which is then
titrated until after the exothermic
endpoint with standardized STPB is
reached.
Historically, potassium is determined
by precipitation with sodium
tetraphenylboron (STPB). The
disadvantage of this gravimetric
method is the long waiting time until a
result is obtained. Currently, the
potassium content in potash is
typically determined by flame
photometry (F-AES) or ICP-OES.
However, these techniques have high
investment and running costs.
By applying the gravimetric
precipitation reaction as a
thermometric titration, it becomes
possible to rapidly and inexpensively
determine the potassium content in
potash within minutes.

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