5.

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Synopsis:
• Based on the direction of their occurrence Chemical reactions are two types.
• Irreversible reactions: in these reactions reactants are converted into products and products cannot be
converted into reactants.
• There are unidirectional as they occur in one direction. i.e. Reactants → products.
• These are denoted by single arrow mark.
• These reactions almost go for completion i.e. reactants are almost completely convert into products.
• Precipitation – ionic reactions, explosive reactions, strong acid – strong base neutralisation reactions,
combustion- reactions are irreversible.
Eg :1) 2KClO3(s)→2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
2) NH4NO2(s) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g)
3) C2H5OH(l) → 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
4) 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO (s)
5) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
6) H2(g) + F2(g) → 2HF(g)
7) H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
Reversible reactions :
• A reaction is said to be reversible, if both the forward and the backward reactions are taking place
simultaneously under the given experimental conditions.
• Reactants giving rise to products is known as forward reaction.
• Products giving rise to reactants is known as reverse reaction (or) backward reaction.
• Reversible reactions are represented by writing a pair of half headed – arrows pointing in opposite directions
in between the reactants and products.
Reactants products
• A reverse reaction does not go to completion.
• Most of the reversible reactions are carried in the closed vessels.
Eg : 1) H2(g) + I2(g)  2HI(g)
2) PCl5(g)  PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
3) 2NO2(g)  N2O4(g)-
4) N2(g) + O2(g)  2NO(g)
5) 2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g)
6) CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g)
7) CH3COOH(l) + C2H5OH(l)  CH3COOC2H5(l) H2O(l)
Equilibrium State :
• The stage or state at which the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction in a
reversible reaction is known as the equilibrium stage or state.
• The chemical equilibrium is considered as dynamic equilibrium because the forward and the reverse reactions

1
 Chemical Equilibrium

continue to take place simultaneously at this stage also.

• Equilibrium is established in
i) a reversible reaction ii) in a closed vessel
• In the beginning in a reversible reaction the rate of forward reaction is more since the concentration of
reactants is more.
• As time proceeds the rate of forward reaction decreases as the concentrations of reactants decreases.
• In the beginning in a reversible reaction the rate of backward reaction is absolutely zero because the
concentration of products is zero.
• AS time proceeds the rate of backward reaction increases since the concentrations of products also increases.
• At one stage the rate of forward reaction becomes equal to rate of backward reaction and no further change
occurs in the concentration of reactions or products.
• At equilibrium, the concentration of reactants and products may not be equal but they remain constant.
Characteristics of chemical equilibrium :
• The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
• The concentrations of the reactants and the products remain unchanged with time.
• The observable properties such as pressure, concentration, density, colour also remain unchanged with time.
• The attainment of chemical equilibrium can be recognised by the constancy in some macroscopic potteries
like pressure, concentration, density, color etc.
• The equilibrium is dynamic in nature. Both the forward reaction and the reverse reaction continue to take place
simultaneously with equal rates.
• A catalyst does not alter the state of equilibrium or the composition of the chemical substances of the reaction
at the equilibrium. It only speeds up the attainment of the equilibrium.
• Chemical equilibrium can be established from either side of the reversible reaction.
• Chemical equilibrium can be homogeneous or heterogeneous and also ionic or molecular.
• The factors such as pressure, concentration temperature presence of inert gas influence the position of the
equilibrium.
• At equilibrium, the value of Gibbs free energy change (G) is zero (G = 0).
• At equilibrium, S is maximum.
• The equilibrium does not tell us how long it takes for a reaction to attain equilibrium.
• Once equilibrium is reached, it continues forever until the conditions like pressure, temperature, concentration
etc, are altered.
• At equilibrium the concentration of reactants may be equal or less or more than the concentration of products.
Law of mass action :
• This laws stated by C.M. Guldberg and P. Wage in 1863.
• This law gives the relation between the rate of a reaction and the concentration of the reactants.
• The rate of a chemical reaction at a temperature at any instant is proportional to the product of the active
masses of the reactants.
• This law is applicable to all reactions i.e. reversible and irreversible occurring in the gas phase or in the liquid
phase.

2
 Chemical Equilibrium

• aA + bB  cC + dD, the equilibrium constant.

kc =
kf
=
C c D d
k b A a Bb

Kf = forward reaction rate constant.

Kb = backward reaction rate constant.
• The equilibrium constant
product of the concentration of products
kc =
product of the concentration of reac tan ts

• Partial pressure of the gas = mole fraction of gas  total pressure.

k pc . pd
Kp = kbf = pCa .pbD
A B

prodct of patial pressures of products

• Kp =
product of partialpressures of reac tan ts

kc= equilibrium constant in terms of molar concentration.

kp=equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressure.
no.of moles
Active mass =
volume in litres

Active mass is considered for gas or liquid.

• The active mass of a solid is unity whatever may be its mass.
Types of chemical equilibrium:
• Based on the physical states of substances equilibrium is of two types.
1) Homogeneous equilibrium : All the reactants and products are present in same physical state. i.e same
phase.
Eg :1) 2SO2(g)+ O2 2SO3(g)
2) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
3) CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l) CH3COOH(l) + C2H5OH(l)
4) CH3COOH(l) CH3COO–(l) + H+(l)
2) Heterogeneous equilibrium : Reactants and products are in different physical states or different phase.
Eg : 1) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
2) NH4HS(s) NH3(g)+ H2S(g)
3) Fe(s)+ 4H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
• Relationship between kp and kc:
kp = kc (RT)n
R = gas constant, T = absolute temperature
n = change in number of moles
= nP - nR (no.of moles of gaseous products – no.of moles of gaseous reactants )
case (i) if nP = nR, n = 0, kp = kc
Eg. H2+ I2  2HI
(ii) if nP > nR, n = +ve, kp > kc
3
 Chemical Equilibrium

PCl5  PCl3 + Cl2

iii) If nP < nR, n = -ve, kp < kc
N2 + 3H2  2NH3
• Units of equilibrium constant :
Unit of kc = (mol. lit–1)n
Unit of kp = (atmosphere) n
• Writing kc and kp expressions and expressing their units
I) H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
HI  2
kc =
H  I
2

2

No unit for Kc
2
PHI
kp =
p H  pI
2 2

No unit for Kp
ii) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
SO3  ; k = SO3P2
2

kc =
SO22 O2 p PSO
2
2
 PO 2

kc = lit . mol– 1; kp = atm–1

iii) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
kc = [CO2] ; kc = mol. lit–1
kp = PCO2 ; kp = atm

Characteristics of equilibrium constant : (kp or kc)

• The value of k depends on the nature of the reaction.
• The value of k will be a constant for a given reaction at a given temperature.
• The value of k depends on temperature of reaction.
• The value of k is independent of concentration and pressure.
• The value of k is independent of presence of catalyst and presence of inert gas.
• The value of k depends on stoichiometry of the equation.
• The value of k depends on mode of writing the equilibrium reaction.
Lechattelier’s principle and its application to industrial processes ;
• The effect of change of pressure, concentration and temperature on equilibrium was studied by Henry Lewis
Lechatterlier in 1885 and F. Brawn. So this is called Lechattelier- Brawn Principle or simply Lechattelier’s
principle.
• If a system at equilibrium is subjected to a stress, the system shifts the equilibrium in such a way to reduce or
nullify the stress.
• Effect of concentration : Increase in concentration of reactants or decrease in concentration of products
favours the shift of equilibrium towards products side and rate of forward reaction is increased.
Increase in the concentration of the products or decrease in the concentration of reactants favours the shift of

4
 Chemical Equilibrium

equilibrium towards the reactant side and rate of backward reaction is increased.
Effect of pressure :
• Pressure has no effect on equilibrium if v or n=0, (np= nr).
Eg : H2(g) + I2(g)  2HI(g)
• Pressure has effect on equilibrium if v0 or n0, (np nr). When pressure increases, equilibrium shifts in a
direction of decrease of volume or towards less mole number and vice vessa.
Eg: N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
When pressure increases, equilibrium shifts towards right and forward reaction rate increases.
• Pressure does not show any marked effect on equilibrium reactions taking place in the solution phase or in the
solid phase.
• Effect of temperature : increase of temperature of the equilibrium system favours endothermic reactions, and
decrease of temperature of the equilibrium system favours exothermic reactions.
• Effect of Catalyst : Catalyst has no net effect on equilibrium. It helps the system to attain equilibrium at a
faster rate by increasing the rate of forward as well as backward reaction to the same extent.
Eg:(1) Synthesis of ammonia by Haber’s process:
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) + heat H = – 92.0 K.J
Favourable conditions for high yield of NH3:
High pressure:200atm, Catalyst : Fe as catalyst
Low temperature : 773 K, Promoter: small amount of molybdenum or Al2O3 and K2O.
(2) Manufacture of H2SO4 by the contact process.
2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g) + Heat; H = –189 K.j
• Favourable conditions for higher yield of SO3.
I) High pressure : 1.5 – 1.7 atm.
ii) Low temperature : 673 k
iii) Catalyst : V2O5 or platinised asbestos
N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) – heat
i) High temperature ii) No effect of pressure
Melting of ice :
H2O(s)+ heat H2O
I) high temperature ii) high pressure

5
 Chemical Equilibrium -1

1. In which of the following attainment of "equilibrium state" can be recognized

with the help of constancy in colour
1) Decomposition of CaCO3
2) Reaction between N2 & O2
3) Decomposition of N2O4
4) Decomposition of PCl5

2. In the case of CaCO3 ⎯⎯⎯→CaO + CO2, attainment of equilibrium state is

noticed with the help of constancy in
1) Concentration of CaCO3 2) Concentration of CO2
3) Pressure of CaO 4) All of these
3. At low temperature, Nitrogen dioxide, a reddish brown gas gets associated to
form the colourless dinitrogen tetroxide as in the reaction

2NO2(g) ⎯⎯⎯→N2O4(g). Then at equilibrium

1) There would be an increase in colour intensity
2) The mixture would become colourless
3) There would be a decrease in colour intensity
4) There would be no change in colour intensity

4. Which of the following is correct for N2+3H2 ⎯⎯⎯→2NH3

H2
NH3
[C] [C] N2
H2
NH3

1) Time 2) Time

NH3
[C]
N2
H2

3) Time
4) All
5. Fe+3(aq)+SCN-(aq) ⎯⎯⎯→ [Fe(SCN)]+2(aq) is an example to

1) Heterogeneous equilibrium
2) Homogeneous equilibrium
3) Reversible process that never attains equilibrium state
4) Irreversible process that attains equilibrium state
6. Which of the following is an irreversible reaction?
1) PCl5 →PCl3 + Cl2 2) 2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3
3) N2 + 3H2 →2NH3 4) 2KClO3 →2KCl + 3O2
7. An example of an irreversible reaction
1) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O→ CH3COOH + C2H5OH
2) N2 + O2 → 2NO
3) NH4HS → NH3 + H2S

4) BaCl2(aq)+K2SO4(aq)→ BaSO4(s)+2KCl(aq)
8. Which of the following is a characteristic property of equilibrium?
1) Number of moles of reactants and products is always equal.
2) Catalyst affects the equilibrium state.
3) It never proceeds to completion.
4) Rate of forward and backward reactions are not equal.
9. When a system is in equilibrium state
1) The concentration of products is equal to the concentration of the reactants.
2) The ratio of the product of Molar concentrations of products and reactants is
constant.
3) Number of moles of reactants and products is the same.
4) The ratio of rate constants of the forward and backward reaction is always unity.
10. Attainment of equilibrium can be noticed with the help of constancy of which
of the following physical properties?
1) Intensity of colour 2) Density 3) Pressure 4) All the above
11. Change in volume of the system does not alter the number of moles in which of
the following equilibrium?
1) N2 (g) +O2 (g) ⎯⎯⎯→2NO (g) 2) PCl5 (g) ⎯⎯⎯→PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)

3) N2 (g) +3H2 (g) ⎯⎯⎯→2NH3 (g) 4) SO2Cl2 (g) ⎯⎯⎯→SO2(g)+Cl2(g)

12. At equilibrium state

1) H=negative 2) G=negative 3) G=zero 4) G is positive
13. A catalyst
1) Alters the equilibrium constant
2) Increases the equilibrium concentration of products
3) Helps establishing the equilibrium quickly
4) Decreases the equilibrium concentration of products
14. Gas phase homogeneous equilibrium is involved in one of the following
1) Acid hydrolysis of Ester
2) Synthesis of ammonia by Haber's process
3) Dissociation of lime stone in a closed vessel
4) Dissociation of lime stone in a open vessel
15. The following are some statements about chemical equilibrium.
A) The rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reation.
B) The chemical equilibrium can be established from reactant side only.
C) The concentration of the reactants and products remain same with time.
The correct statements are
1) A and B 2) A and C 3) B and C 4) All A, B, C
16. The reaction is reversible if it is carried out
1) At constant pressure
2) At constant temperature
3) In an open vessel
4) In a closed vessel
 CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g)
17. In the lime-kiln; the reaction
1) Attains a state of equilibrium after some time
2) Stops after some time
3) Does not take place at all
4) Goes to completion eventually
Hint: Lime kyln is a open vessel.
18. When H2 and I2 are mixed and equilibrium is attained, then
1) Amount of HI formed is equal to the amount of H2 dissociated
2) HI dissociation stops
3) The reaction stops completely
4) Both forward and backward reactions proceed with same rate

19. CaCO3 CaO C

O
2 reaction in a lime kiln goes to completion because
1) It is a heterogeneous reaction.
2) Backward reaction is very slow.
3) CO2 formed escapes out.
4) KC (or) KP has no unit.
20. When the rate of formation of reactants is equal to the rate of formation of
products, this is known as,
1) Chemical reaction 2) Chemical equilibrium
3) Chemical kinetics 4) Chemical energetics

21. For the reaction: Cu(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) ⎯⎯⎯→ Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s), the equilibrium

constant is given by
[Cu2+ ][ Ag ]2 [Cu2+ ][ Ag ]2 [Cu 2+ ] [Ag +]2
1) [Cu][ Ag + ]2 2) [Cu][ Ag + ]2 3) [Ag + ]2 4) [Cu 2+
]

Hint: The molar concentration of a solid is unity.

22. As per law of mass action, for NH4HS(s) ⎯⎯⎯→NH3(g) +H2S(g) ratio of rate
constants of forward (Kf) & backword (Kb) reactions at equilibrium equals to
1) [NH4HS] 2) PNH3+PH2S 3) [H2S] + [NH3] 4) [NH3] [H2S]
Hint: Kf∕Kb= KC= [NH3] [H2S] [NH4HS(s] =1

23. Law of mass action is not applicable to C (graphite ⎯⎯⎯→) C (diamond) because

1) It is a physical equilibrium
2) It is a Homogenious chemical equilibrium
3) It is a Heterogenious chemical equilibrium
4) Both forms are crystalline

24. Units of KC for xA(g) ⎯⎯⎯→ yB (g) is lit2-mol-2, then the values of x & y can be
1) 1, 2 2) 3, 2 3) 2, 3 4) 3, 1

Hint: units of Kc= (moles/lit)∆n ,given (lit2-mol-2 )i.e ∆n=-2

25. Unit of KP for NH4COONH2(s) ⎯⎯⎯→2NH3 (g) + CO2 (g) is

1) No units 2) atm2 3) atm3 4) atm-3

Hint: units of KP=(atm)∆n ,for this ∆n=(2+1)-0=3
26. KC for H2+I2 ⎯⎯⎯→2HI is 'K', then for

HI ⎯⎯⎯→1/2 H2 + 1/2 I2, it is

1 1
1) K2 2) K 3) K 4) K2

Hint: KC for H2+I2 ⎯⎯⎯→2HI is 'K', then , KC for 2HI ⎯⎯⎯→H2+I2 is 1/K, then
1
for HI ⎯⎯⎯→1/2 H2 + 1/2 I2, KC= K

27. Law of mass action cannot be applied to

 1) 2HI (g) ⎯⎯⎯→ H2 (g) + I2 (g)

2) PCl5(g) ⎯⎯⎯→PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

3) SRhombic ⎯⎯⎯→ SMonoclinic

4) CaCO3(s) ⎯⎯⎯→CaO(s) + CO2 (g)

Hint: Law of mass action not applicable for a physical equilibrium.
28. Law of mass action is applicable to
1) Homogeneous chemical equilibrium only
2) Heterogeneous chemical equilibrium only
3) Both homogeneous and Heterogeneous chemical equilibria
4) Physical equilibrium
29. At a given temperature, for a reversible reaction, if the concentration of
reactants is doubled then the equilibrium constant will
1) Be doubled 2) Be halved 3) Change to 1/3 4) Remain same
Hint: KC is independent of Concentration of reactants and products.

30. If N2+3H2 ⎯⎯⎯→2NH3... (I) &

N2+3H2 ⎯⎯⎯→2NH3 ... (II) are in equilibrium at same temperature, then

1) KC of I = KC of II 2) KC of I = KP of II
3) KC of I < KC of II 4) KP of II > KP of I
Hint: KC depends on Temperature. As temperature is same KC of I = KC of II

31. The active mass of 5.6 lit of CO2 at STP in moles/lit is

1) 5.6 / 22.4 2) 8 / 5.6 3) 32 / 5.6 4) 0.25 / 5.6
Hint: No. of moles in 5.6lit=5.6/22.4= 0.25

Active mass of a gas= Molarity= moles/volume in lit =0.25/5.6 mole/lit (or)

1/22.4mole/lit.
32. The reaction H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⎯⎯⎯→2HI (g) is carried out in a 1 litre flask. If the
same reaction is carried out in a 2 litre flask at the same temperature, the
equilibrium constant will be
1) Same 2) Doubled 3) Halved 4) Decreased
Hint: At a given temperature the value of KC is independent of concentration,
pressure, volume of vessel and catalyst.

33. The relationship between Kp and Kc is given by

1) KC = KP(RT)∆n 2) KP = KC(RT)∆n

3) KC = KP + (R T) ∆n 4) KP = KC + RT ∆n
34. For the equilibrium reaction,
3Fe(s) 4H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) 4H2(g)
the relation between Kp and Kc is
1) KP > KC 2) KP < KC 3) KP = KC x (RT)–2 4) KP = KC
Hint: ∆n=0

35. For which of the following reactions, Kp (RT)2 = Kc

□
PCl ⎯ →PCl + Cl
5( g) ⎯⎯ 3(g) 2(g)
1)
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
2)
2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g)
3)
H2(g) + I2(g)  2HI(g)
4)
Hint: Given Kp (RT) 2 = Kc i.e. Kp = Kc(RT)-2 ∆n=-2

37. The ionisation constant of H2CO3 as an acid in aqueous solution at room

temperature is X. If the first and second ionisation constants of H2CO3 are X1
and X2 respectively then
1) X=X1∕∕X2 2) X=X2∕∕X1
3) X = X1X2 4) X = 1∕X1X2
 Hint: When two or more equations are added their equilibrium constant values are
multiplied

38. In which of the following cases, does the reaction go farthest to completion
1) K = 103 2) K = 10-2 3) K = 10-5 4) K = 102
39. The units of equilibrium constant Kc for the following system
H2(g) + I2(g)  2HI(g)
is

1) mole-1 lit 2) mol-2 liter 3) mole lit-1 4) No units

Hint: ∆n=0

H2(g) + I2(g)  2HI(g)

40. , In this reaction,
1) Kp =2 Kc 2) Kp = Kc 3) Kp > Kc 4) Kp < Kc
Hint: KP = KC(RT)∆n as ∆n=0, Kp = Kc

41. For the Chemical reaction

A2 (g) + B2 (g) ⎯⎯⎯→ 2AB (g) the amount of AB at equilibrium is affected by

1) Temperature and pressure 2) Temperature only
3) Pressure only 4) Temperature, pressure and Catalyst
42. The following are some statements about equilibrium constant.
A) The value of K is affected by temperature
B) The equilibrium constant gives idea about the extent of completion of
reaction
C) The equilibrium constant is affected by volume and pressure
The correct combination is.
1) A and B 2) B and C
3) C and A 4) All
43. For reactions involving gaseous reactants and products the equilibrium
constant KP is written in terms is
1) The pressure of the gases
 2) The molar volumes of the gases
3) The partial pressures of the gases
4) The mole fraction of the gases
44. The following are some statements about active masses.
A) Active mass of pure liquids and solids are taken as unity.
B) Active mass of electrolytes is taken as Normality
C) For 'dilute solutions of non-electrolytes, the active mass can be taken as
molarity.
The correct combination is
1) A and B 2) B and C
3) A and C 4) A, B, C
45. Which one of the following has greater active mass
1) 200 gm of lime stone in 2 lit vessel
2) 90 gm of CS2 liquid in 100 ml vessel
3) 56 gm of N2 gas in 0.5 lit vessel
4) 1 mole of O2 gas at STP
Hint: Active mass of 56 gm of N2 gas in 0.5 lit vessel=(56/28)/0.5 =4moles/lit

Active mass of 1 mole of O2 gas at STP=1/22.4 mole/lit

Active mass of a pure solid or liquid =1

O2( g) 2SO3(g)
46. Which of the following expression is true for the system 2SO2(g) ?

Kp (Kc )  1 Kp ( K c )  1
−1 −1
1) 2)
Kp ( K c ) = 1
−1
3) 4) Kp = Kc

47. For the reaction 2NO2 (g) ⎯⎯⎯→N2O4 (g) KP / KC is

1) RT 2) (RT)-1 3) (RT)-1/2 4) (RT)1/2

 Hint: ∆n= 1-2=-1, KP / KC=(RT)-1
48. The following are some statements about units of Kc and Kp.
A) Kp has always units.
B) Kc has no units at all times.
C) If n = 0, then Kp and Kc have no units.
The correct set is
1) A and B 2) C only
3) C and A 4) A, B, C
49. If K1 and K2 are the equilibrium constants of equilibria A and B respectively,
then the relationship between the two constants is
1
SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  SO3 (g) → K1
A) 2

2 SO3(g)  2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → K2

B) 1 1
K1 = K2 =
K K =K 2 1
K
1) K1 = K2 2) 2 3) 2 1 4) 2

Hint: The equation (A)is inverted and multiplied by two toget Equation (B). Thus K2=
1/K12
50. Theequilibriumconstant of a reactionis
1) Which has only numerical value and carries no units
2) With or without units depending upon the stoichiometric coefficients of the species
involved in a chemical equation
3) Whose value always depends upon the units in which the concentrations of species
involved in chemical reaction
4) Independent of temperature

51. The equilibrium constant for the reaction A ⎯⎯

⎯→B is K. The equilibrium

constant for the reaction mA ⎯⎯⎯→mB is

1) mK 2) K/m 3) Km 4) mK
Hint: As equation is multiplied with m, the value of K becomes Km
52. The equilibrium constants of a reaction at 298 K and 308 K are 1.0 x10-2 and 2 x
10-2 respectively, the reaction is
1) Exothermic 2) Endothermic
3) May be endothermic or exothermic 4) Cannot be predicted
Hint: as the value of K increases with increase in temperature, the reaction is an
Endothermic process.

53. The equilibrium constant of the reaction (Kc) 2SO2 + O2 ⎯⎯⎯→ 2SO3 when the
reaction is conducted in a one litre vessel was found to be 2.5 x10-2 . If the
reaction is conducted at the same temperature in a 2 litre vessel the value of Kc
is

1) 1.25X10-2 2) 2.5 x10-2 3) 6. 25x10-4 4) 40

Hint: The value of KC is independent of volume of the vessel.

54. In the system CaF2(s) ⎯⎯⎯→ Ca2+(aq) + 2F-(aq), increasing the concentration of

Ca2+ four times; the equilibrium concentration of F- will be changed to

1) One half of its initial value 2) Twice the initial value
3) 1/4th of its initial value 4) Thrice of its initial value
2
K = Ca2+ F −  - 2 +2
Hint: c   As K is constant at a given temperature [f ] =1/[Ca ] =1/4 and
[F-] =1/2.

55. If the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2AB ⎯⎯

⎯→ A2 + B2 is 25. What is

the equilibrium constant for 4AB ⎯⎯⎯→ 2A2 +2 B2

1) 5 2) 625 3) 50 4) 12.5
Hint; If whole equation is multiplied with two K becomes squre.Thus K=(25)2=625
56. The equilibrium constant for the reaction

N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⎯⎯⎯→2NO (g) is 4 x10-4 at 2000 K. In presence of a catalyst the

equilibrium is attained three times faster. The equilibrium constant in presence
of the catalyst at 2000 K
 1) 40 x 10-4 2) 4 x 10-4 3) 1.2x 10-3 4) 6.4 X 10-11
57. With increase in temperature, the value of equilibrium constant
1) Increases 2) Decreases
3) May increase or decrease 4) Remains constant
58. For an exothermic reaction, the Equilibrium constant
1) Increases with increase of temperature
2) Decreases with increase of temperature
3) Increases with increase of pressure
4) Decreases with increase of pressure

59. For the equilibrium, PCl5 ⎯⎯⎯→ PCl3 + Cl2; temperature remaining constant
1) Kc will increase with increase in volume
2) Kc will increase with decrease in volume
3) Kc will not change with the change in volume
4) Kc may increase or decrease with the change in volume depending upon its
numerical value

60. For the equilibrium N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⎯⎯⎯→ 2NH3 (g) at 10000 C the equilibrium
constant is very low, then which of the following is correct at equilibrium?
1) [H2] is very high but not [N2] 2) [H2] is low
3) [N2] is low 4) [NH3] is very low
Hint: Lower value of K represents very low concentration of products at equilibrium.

KEY

1) 3 2) 2 3) 4 4) 2 5) 2 6) 4 7) 4 8) 3 9) 2 10) 4

11) 1 12) 3 13) 3 14) 2 15) 2 16) 4 17) 4 18) 4 19) 3 20) 2
21)3 22) 4 23) 1 24) 4 25) 3 26) 3 27) 3 28) 3 29) 4 30) 1

31)4 32) 1 33) 2 34) 4 35) 2 36) 2 37) 3 38) 1 39) 4 40) 2

41) 2 42) 1 43)3 44) 4 45) 3 46) 1 47) 2 48) 2 49) 4 50)2

51)3 52) 2 53)2 54) 1 55)2 56)2 57)3 58)2 59)3 60)4