Next Step FUTURE STARS ACADEMY

SCIENCE – IX (PHYSICS)
TOPIC: GRAVITATION

TIME: 90 MINTUES MARKS: 33

Ø All questions are compulsory

Question 1.
A metallic bar has 200g mass at poles. Does it change when it is taken to equator? (1)
Answer:
Even when the metallic bar is taken to the equator, there will be no change in mass, and
it will remain constant everywhere.

Question 2.
The volume of a 500 g sealed packet is 350 cm3. Will the packet float or sink in water if
the density of water is 1 g cm–3? What will be the mass of the water displaced by this
packet? (2)
Answer:
Density of sealed packet = 500/350 = 1.42 g/cm3
Density of sealed packet is greater than density of water
Therefore the packet will sink.

Considering Archimedes Principle,

Displaced water volume = Force exerted on the sealed packet.
Volume of water displaced = 350cm3
Therefore displaced water mass = ρ x V
= 1 × 350
Mass of displaced water = 350g.

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Question 3.
An astronaut carried a pot of soil weight 60N from the earth to the moon’s surface. He
kept it there, and just before returning from moon to earth, he weighed the soil there on
the moon’s surface and found that it was only 10N. What about the rest of the soil, and
how much soil mass was lost? g on earth = 10 m/s2 and g on moon = g on earth/6. (2)
Answer:
weight of soil on earth = 60N
g on earth = 10 m/s2
mass on the earth, m1 = W/g
= 60/10 = 6 kg

weight of soil on moon = 10N

g on moon = g on earth/6
= 10/6 ms-2
mass on moon = m2 = W/g
= 60/10 = 6 kg
m1 and m2 are equal.
Therefore, it is stated that there is no loss of mass of soil on the moon’s surface. The
difference in weight is due to in difference in gravity.

Question 4.
Calculate the force of gravitation between the earth and the Sun, given that the mass of
the earth = 6 × 1024 kg and of the Sun = 2 × 1030 kg. The average distance between the
two is 1.5 × 1011 m. (2)
Answer:
Given data:
Mass of the earth m1 = 6 × 1024 kg
Mass of the sun m2 = 2 × 1030 kg
Gravitation constant G = 6.67 x 10-11 N m2/kg2
Average distance r = 1.5 × 1011 m
Consider Universal law of Gravitation

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Question 5.
Derive a relation between G and g. (1.5)
Answer:
By Newton’s law of gravitation,
F = GMm/R2……….... (1)
Where, M is the mass of earth
m is the mass of object
R is the distance between the centre of earth and object.

According to Newton’s second law,

F = ma
Here ‘a’ is the acceleration due to gravity
F = mg ………..… (2)
Equating 1 and 2
mg = GMm/R2
g = GM/R2

Question 6.
What would happen when there is no acceleration due to gravity? 3 points. (3)
Answer:
If there were no acceleration due to gravity, or if gravity were zero, then the following
would happen:
(a) Objects would float: Without gravity, there would be no force to pull objects down
to the Earth's surface, so objects would float in the air.
(b) Humans would feel weightless: Without acceleration due to gravity, humans
would feel weightless.
(c) Atmosphere would disappear: The atmosphere would disappear into space.
(d) Humans would not survive: Weightlessness can negatively impact human muscles
and bones, making it impossible to survive.

Question 7.
(a) Define pressure. State its SI unit. (2)
(b) The dimensions of a metallic cuboid are 30cm × 20cm × 15cm and its mass is 30kg. If
the acceleration due to gravity is 10m/s2, calculate the pressure exerted by the cuboid
when it rests on the face with sides 20cm × 15 cm on the table. (1.5)
(c) In which of the following situations do we exert more pressure on the ground?
Whether standing on the foot or standing on both feet? Justify the answer. (1)
Answer:
(a) The pressure is the thrust per unit area of a surface. The SI unit of pressure is pascal.
(b) It is given that mass, M = 30kg
Acceleration due to gravity = 10m/s2
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Area = 20cm × 15cm = 0.2 × 0.15m = 0.03m2
Thrust = M × g = 30 × 10 = 300 N
Pressure = Thrust / Area = 300/0.03 = 104 Pascal

(c) When we stand on the ground, we exert pressure. This pressure is exerted more
when we stand on one foot as all the weight is exerted on the area of one foot only, so
the pressure increases because the pressure is inversely proportional to the area of
contact.

Question 8.
A stone dropped from the roof of a building takes 4s to reach the ground. Calculate the
height of the building. (2)
Answer:
Here, initial velocity, u = 0
Time taken to reach the ground, t = 4 s
Acceleration, a = g = 9.8 m/s2
Height of the building, h = ?

Question 9.
Identical packets are dropped from two aeroplanes—one above the equator and other
above the north pole, both at height h. Assuming all conditions to be identical, will those
packets take same time to reach the surface of earth? Justify your answer. (1.5)
Answer:
The value of ‘g’ at the equator of the earth is lesser than that at poles. Therefore, the
packets fall slowly at equator in comparison to the poles. Thus, the packets will remain
in air for longer time interval, when it is dropped at the equator.

Question 10.
A force of 20 N acts upon a body whose weight is 9.8 N. What is the mass of the body
and how much is its acceleration? Take g = 9.8 m/s2. (2)
Answer:
Weight, W = mg,
m = 𝑊/𝑔
m = 9.8/9.8 = 1 kg
So, acceleration = Force /Mass
=20/1
= 20 m/s2
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Question 11.
A stone is dropped from a cliff. What will be its speed when it has fallen 100 m? (1)
Answer:
s = 100 m, u = 0
So, v2 = u2 + 2gs
v2 = 2gs = 2 × 9.8 × 100 = 1960
v = √1960 m/s
= 44.2 m/s

Question 12.
Give three differences between acceleration due to gravity (g) and universal
gravitational constant (G). (3)
Answer: Differences between g and G

ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY (G) UNIVERSAL GRAVITATIONAL

CONSTANT (G)
1. Acceleration due to gravity is the 1. Gravitational constant is numerically
acceleration acquired by a body due to equal to the force of attraction between
the earth’s gravitational pull on it. two masses of 1 kg that are separated by
a distance of 1 m.
2. g is a vector quantity. 2. G is a scalar quantity.
3. It is different at different places on the 3. The ‘G’ is a universal constant, i.e., its
surface of the earth. Its value also varies value is the same (6.7 × 10-11 Nm2 kg-2)
from one celestial body to another. everywhere in the universe.

Question 13.
From a cliff of 49m high, a man drops a stone. One second later, he throws another
stone. They both hit the ground at the same time. Find out the speed with which he
threw the second stone. (2)
Answer:
For the first stone
u = 0 ms-1, h = 49 m
As we know s = ut + 12 gt2
∴ 49 = 0 × t + 12 × 9.8 × t2
⇒ t2 = 989.8 = 10
⇒ t = √10 = 3.16 s
i.e., First stone would take 3.16 s to reach the ground.

For the second stone,

the time taken by the second stone to reach the ground is one second less than that
taken by the first stone as both the stones reach the ground at the same time.

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That is, for the second stone, t = (3.16 – 1) s = 2.16s

For the second stone,

g = 9.8 ms-2, h = 49 m, t = 2.16 s, u =?
S = ut + 0.5gt2
49 = u× (2.16) + 0.5× (9.8)×(2.16)2
u = 12.1m/s
i.e., the second stone was thrown downward with a speed of 12.1 ms-1.

Question 14.
Calculate the value of acceleration due to gravity g using the relation between g and G.
Mass of the earth = 6 × 1024 kg and Radius of the earth = 6.4 × 106 m. (2)
Answer:
We know that G = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2 kg-2
Mass of the earth, Me = 6 × 1024 kg
And Radius of the earth, Re = 6.4 × 106 m

Question 15.
Velocity-time graph for the ball’s motion is shown in figure. (3.5)

Observe the graph and answer the following questions.

Assume that g = 10m/s2 and that there is no air resistance.

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(a) In which direction is the ball moving at point C?
(b) At which point is the ball stationary?
(c) At which point is the ball at its maximum height?
(d) What is the ball’s acceleration at point C?
(e) What is the ball’s acceleration at point A?
(f) What is the ball’s acceleration at point B?
(g) At which point does the ball have the same speed as when it was thrown?
Answer:
(a) Downward
(b) At point B
(c) At point B
(d) Acceleration = 10 ms-2
(e) Acceleration = -10 ms-2
(f) Acceleration = 10 ms-2
(g) At point C

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