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Physics Exam Marking Guide S4

The document is a marking guide for a physics program covering various topics such as optics, energy, momentum, and mechanics. It includes definitions, equations, advantages and disadvantages of solar power, and conditions for equilibrium, along with specific problems and solutions. The guide is structured into sections with points allocated for each answer, indicating the expected knowledge and understanding of students for the academic year 2023-2024.

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Jeff Alba
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53 views9 pages

Physics Exam Marking Guide S4

The document is a marking guide for a physics program covering various topics such as optics, energy, momentum, and mechanics. It includes definitions, equations, advantages and disadvantages of solar power, and conditions for equilibrium, along with specific problems and solutions. The guide is structured into sections with points allocated for each answer, indicating the expected knowledge and understanding of students for the academic year 2023-2024.

Uploaded by

Jeff Alba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS MARKING GUIDE 2023-2024 PROGRAM S4

SECTION A

1 1. a.An image of an object is a virtual image when the rays of the 2pts
. light do not actually pass through it; they only seem to come
from it. A virtual image would not be obtained on a cinema
screen.
2pts
b. The formation of a virtual image by a thin converging lens
occurs for a real object placed inside its principal focus.

2pts
c. This lens can be used as a single microscope because it forms
an upright and magnified image.
2 2. a) Power of a lens is defined as its ability to converge or 2pts
. diverge the rays of light falling on it.
Or
Power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of the focal length of
the lens.SI unit of power is dioptre (D)
b) P=1/f Given 3pts

As
c) The combination will act as diverging lens since is 1pt
negative

3. (4marks
Advantages )

1. Solar power is pollution free and causes no greenhouse


gases to be emitted after installation 1pt for
2. Reduced dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuels each
3. Low Operating Costs: Once installed, solar panels correct
have relatively low operating and maintenance costs. point
They have no fuel or ongoing operational expenses.
4. Renewable Energy Source: Solar energy is a
renewable resource, meaning it is inexhaustible as
long as the sun continues to shine.
5. Reduced Electricity Bills: Solar power systems can
generate electricity for your home or business,
reducing your dependence on the grid and leading to
lower electricity bills.
6. Long Lifespan: Solar panels typically have a long lifespan,
often lasting 25 years or more, with minimal degradation
in performance over time

Etc. accept student ideas according to what have been


discussed in class

Disadvantages
1. High initial costs for material and installation and long
ROI (return on investment)
2. Intermittent Energy Production: Solar power
generation is dependent on sunlight, and energy
production is intermittent. Weather conditions, time of
day, and seasonal variations can affect the amount of
energy produced.
3. Space Requirements: Solar panels require a significant
amount of space for installation, especially for larger
systems. This can be a limitation for residential and
commercial installations with limited available space.
4. Weather Dependence: Solar panels are less effective on
cloudy days or during the night when there is no
sunlight. Energy storage solutions (such as batteries)
can address this issue to some extent.
Etc. accept various ideas of students accordingly

4.
a) The defect is myopia or short-sightedness 1.5pts
b) This defect should be corrected by a suitable diverging 1.5pts
spectacles

5.
Let 5marks
, be respective object distance, image
distance, focal length and linear magnification of convex lens.
And , be respective object distance,
image distance, focal length and linear magnification of diverging
lens with

6.
a) The law of conservation of momentum states “that in an 2marks
isolated system the total momentum of two or more bodies acting
upon each other remains constant unless an external force is
applied”.
b) Momentum before collision = Momentum after collision 4marks
7.
a) Critical angle is defined as incident angle for which an angle of
refraction is equal to 900. 1mark
Or is defined as an angle of incident for which light grazes over
the interface
b) The index of refraction of prism is 1.5, means, the speed of 2marks
light in that prism is 1.5 times slower than the speed of light in
air/vacuum
c) let , be respective index of refraction of prism and
critical angle
Assume prism to be surrounded by air
Finally so 2marks

d)

1mark

8.
a) Two conditions must be simultaneously satisfied in
equilibrium. 2marks
-the sum of all external forces acting on the body is
-the sum of all external torques from external forces is zero
b)

0.25m

Wstone 0.25 m Wstick

Since the stick is uniform, its weight must be at a half of its


length. Then, consider pivot as axis of rotation and
counterclockwise moment must be equal to clockwise moment 4marks
0.25xWstone=0.25Wstick
Wstick= Wstone=10N
Mass of stick is 1kg

9.
a) Fpivot 2marks

0.4m d2
W1 W2

b) The sum of parallel forces in one direction balances sum of 2marks


parallel forces in opposite direction. Hence Fpivot= W1 + W2
Fpivot=3N+6N
Fpivot=9N 3marks
c) To maintain static equilibrium , counterclockwise moment
must be equal to clockwise moment
0.4x3=6d2 d2=0.2m

10.
a)
i. light
ii. kinetic
b)
i.
ii.

c)
Input energy=220J
Wasted energy=176J
Output=Useful energy
=220J-176J
=24J
11.
i.
ii. Work done by net force=Fnet x s
From second Newton’s law Fnet=ma
Fnet=Fapp-Ff

Thus

a=2.5ms-1

Work done by net force=5Nx125


=625J

iii. Work done by net force=change in kinetic energy(work-energy


theorem)
=625J

12.
a. Is defined as the property of a conductor to resist/oppose the
flow of current through it
.10=5+R that is R=5Ω
c. =1.5 hence

SECTION B
13.
a. The angular magnification or magnifying power of an
optical instruction is defined by the equation M=
Where is angle subtend at the eye by the image formed when
using the instrument and is angle subtended at the unpaid
eye i.e without the instrument.
Linear (a lateral or transverse ) magnification is the ratio of the
image distance to the object distance That is m=

b. Angular magnification m= =4.18


Distance v is given by: : then v=-30cm
Linear magnification m=
c.

For the objective, image I1 is real image and is placed at distance


for the objective

The object O is about 2.453cm from the objective

14.
a) Given k= 103Nm x=0.02m
work done by spring Ws=0.20J

b. Work done by friction force

So velocity of the block as it passes 0 is


√
c. As the friction force increases to 10N, work done by friction
force is
which is equal in magnitude to the kinetic energy at x =0
without the loss due to friction. Thus, all of the kinetic energy
has been transformed by friction when the block arrives
at x =0 and its speed at this point is v =0.

15.
a.Time of flight is the total time taken by the projectile in air(
from the point of projection to where it lands)
b.

17.3ms-1
10ms-1
To find t let taking top as reference
finally
c.

d. R=17.3ms-1x 4.22s R=73m

16.
a) A free-body diagram” is a diagram showing all forces acting on
a body” thus,
b) Applying the two conditions of equilibrium, we have

Finally

17.
a. KCL: The Sum of current entering to the junction is equal to
sum of current leaving the junction” Is based on the
conservation of charge”
KVL: The sum of potential drops in a closed circuit is zero. So, it
is based on the conservation of energy.

b.From the loop abcda and befcb we may apply KCL and KVL
and we get:

Rearranging those equations we get :

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