PAKET SOAL & PEMBAHASAN

TES BAHASA INGGRIS (TBI)

LISTENING SCRIPT
PART A
1. 6.
(Woman) : Do you have any idea what (Man) : I’m sorry, I left my textbook at
time the library closes tonight? home.
(Man) : I think it closes at 9:00. (Woman) : That’s okay. I have an extra copy
(Narrator) : What does the man mean? you can borrow.

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(Narrator) : What does the woman mean?
2.
(Man) : Have you seen my pen? I can’t
find it anywhere.
(Woman) : I think I saw it on the table next
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7.
(Woman) : Are you going to the party
tonight?
(Man) : I’m not sure yet. I have to finish
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to the coffee machine.
(Narrator) : What does the woman imply? my essay first.
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(Narrator) : What does the man imply?

3.
8.
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(Woman) : That’s a beautiful scarf! Where

did you get it? (Man) : I’m so tired. I didn’t get much
(Man) : My grandmother knitted it for sleep last night.
me. (Woman) : Me neither. I was up late
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(Narrator) : What does the man mean? studying for the exam.
(Narrator) : What does the woman mean?
ed

4.
(Man) : Is the cafeteria closed already? 9.
It’s only 5:00. (Woman) : I ’m n e r v o u s a b o u t t h e
(Woman) : I think they close early on presentation tomorrow.
Fridays. (Man) : Don’t worry. You’ll do fine.
(Narrator) : What does the woman imply? (Narrator) : What does the man mean?

5. 10.
(Woman) : Do you think Professor Smith (Man) : I’m thinking of taking a
would be willing to meet with photography class next
me to discuss my research semester.
proposal? (Woman) : That sounds interesting. I’ve
(Man) : I think so. She’s always happy been thinking about taking
to help students. one too.
(Narrator) : What does the man imply? (Narrator) : What does the woman imply?

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11. (Man) : That sounds like fun. I wish I
(Woman) : I’m going to the museum could go.
this weekend. Do you want to (Narrator) : What does the man mean?
come?
20.
(Man) : I’d love to, but I have to work.
(Man) : I’m going to the gym later.
(Narrator) : What does the man mean?
(Woman) : I need to go too, but I’m not
12. sure I’ll have time.
(Man) : I need to get a new laptop. (Narrator) : What does the woman imply?
(Woman) : Me too. Mine is really old and
21.
slow.
(Woman) : I’m volunteering at the animal
(Narrator) : What does the woman imply?
shelter this weekend.
13. (Man) : That’s really nice of you.
(Woman) : I’m so glad it’s Friday! (Narrator) : What does the man imply?
(Man) : Me too. I’m looking forward to
22.
the weekend.
(Man) : I’m going to see a play tonight.
(Narrator) : What does the man mean?
(Woman) : Oh, cool! I saw that play last

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14. month. It was great.
(Man) : I’m going to the library to study. (Narrator) : What does the woman mean?
(Woman) : I think I’ll go too.
(Narrator) : What does the woman mean?
s .co 23.
(Woman) : I’m learning how to play the guitar.
15. (Man) : That’s awesome! I play the piano.
(Woman) : I’m making dinner tonight. Do
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(Narrator) : What does the man mean?
you want to come over?
(Man) : That sounds great! What are 24.
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you making? (Man) : I’m going to a concert tonight.

(Narrator) : What does the man imply? (Woman) : That sounds fun. Who are you
going to see?
16.
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(Narrator) : What does the woman imply?

(Man) : I got a new bike for my birthday.
(Woman) : That’s awesome! Let’s go for a 25.
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ride sometime. (Woman) : I’m going to the park to read.

(Narrator) : What does the woman mean? (Man) : I think I’ll join you.
(Narrator) : What does the man mean?
17.
26.
(Woman) : I’m thinking of getting a cat.
(Man) : I’m going to get a haircut today.
(Man) : That’s cool. I have a dog.
(Woman) : You need one.
(Narrator) : What does the man imply?
(Narrator) : What does the woman imply?
18.
27.
(Man) : I love this song!
(Woman) : I’m going to bake a cake today.
(Woman) : Me too. It’s my favorite.
(Man) : I love cake! Can I have some?
(Narrator) : What does the woman mean?
(Narrator) : What does the man imply?
19.
28.
(Woman): I’m going to the beach this
(Man) : I’m going to the grocery store.
weekend.
Do you need anything?

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 (Woman) : Yes, can you pick up a loaf of Man : Yeah, I heard something about
bread? that in my environmental science
(Narrator) : What does the woman mean? class. They’re efficient but can be
controversial, right? Some people
29. worry about their impact on wildlife
(Woman) : I’m going to plant a garden this and local communities.
spring. Woman : Exactly. That’s one of the challenges
(Man) : That sounds like a lot of work. I’m discussing in my paper. I think
(Narrator) : What does the man imply? the seminar might give me some
30. new insights to include.
(Man) : I’m going to the library to Man : Definitely. By the way, are you still
return some books. taking that environmental science
(Woman) : I need to go there too. class this semester?
(Narrator) : What does the woman imply? Woman : No, I’m not. I wanted to, but it
conflicted with my statistics class.
Are you enjoying it?
PART B Man : For the most part, yes. The projects
are interesting, but the exams are

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Questions 31 through 34: tough. Professor Allen is great,
Listen to a conversation between two students. though—she makes the material
Man : Hey, did you hear that Professor
Allen is hosting a seminar on climate
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31. What is the main topic of the conversation?

change solutions next week?
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Woman : Oh, really? I’ve been meaning to 32. What does the woman say about her term
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attend something like that. What’s paper?

it about?
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Man : I t ’s f o c u s e d o n i n n o v a t i v e 33. What does the man say about Professor

technologies, like carbon capture Allen?
and renewable energy sources.
34. W h y d i d n’ t t h e w o m a n t a k e t h e
She mentioned something about
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environmental science class?

inviting a guest speaker from a
leading environmental organization.
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Woman : That sounds fascinating! When is it?

Man : Next Tuesday evening, around six. Questions 35 through 37:
I think it’s in the science building Listen to a conversation between a student and
auditorium. a professor.
Woman : I’ll have to check my schedule, but I Student : Professor, I’m really fascinated by
really want to go. I’ve been trying to the paintings of Frida Kahlo. Her
learn more about renewable energy self-portraits are so intense and
lately. Did you know I’m writing my expressive.
term paper on wind energy? Professor : Yes, they are. She had a remarkable
Man : I didn’t know that! How’s it going? ability to convey her inner life and
Woman : It’s been interesting, but there’s so experiences through her art.
much information to sift through. Student : Were there any other artists who
Did you know wind farms are one of influenced her style?
the fastest-growing energy sources Professor : Well, she was influenced by Mexican
globally? folk art, and also by European

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 Surrealism to some extent. But her PART C
work is ultimately very unique. Questions 38 through 41:
Student : I know she had a difficult life, with Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.
the accident and health problems. Professor : Today, we’re going to delve into
Did that affect her art? the remarkable intelligence and
Professor : Absolutely. She was in a bus innovative capabilities of animals.
accident as a young woman, and it Often, we perceive intelligence
caused her severe pain and lifelong t h ro u g h t h e l e n s o f h u m a n
health issues. She started painting capabilities. But the animal kingdom
during her long recovery. has a vast array of intelligence,
Student : I see. expressed in various forms that
Professor : Many of her paintings explore often surpass human capacity.
themes of pain, the body, and Take, for instance, the incredible
identity. She also incorporated problem-solving skills of corvids
symbolism from Mexican culture like crows and ravens. Studies have
and mythology. shown that they can create and
Student : Okay. use tools, solve complex puzzles,
Professor : And her tumultuous relationship

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and even plan for the future. Their
with Diego Rivera, the famous cognitive abilities rival those of
muralist, was another significant
influence on her art. They had a
passionate but complex marriage.
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O r c o n s i d e r t h e i n t r i c a t e
communication and social
Student : So her personal life really shaped
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struc tures of cetaceans like
her artistic vision? dolphins and whales. They possess
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Professor : Without a doubt. Her art was deeply complex vocalizations, exhibit
intertwined with her personal cooperative hunting strategies, and
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experiences and struggles. That’s demonstrate cultural transmission of

what makes it so powerful and knowledge across generations. Their
moving. intelligence is manifested in their
Student : That makes sense. I’m really glad
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social interactions and adaptability.

we’re studying her work in this class. Insects, too, showcase amazing
Professor : Me too. She’s a truly iconic figure in feats of intelligence. Bees and ants,
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the history of art. for example, have highly organized

societies with division of labor,
35. What is the main topic of the conversation?
sophisticated communication
36. According to the professor, what is one of systems, and collective decision-
the main themes explored in Frida Kahlo’s making abilities. Their intelligence is
paintings? reflected in their collective behavior
and problem-solving strategies.
37. What is the professor’s attitude towards Even cephalopods like octopuses
Frida Kahlo’s work? and squids, often considered
solitary creatures, exhibit
remarkable intelligence. They
can change color and texture for
camouflage, solve mazes, and
even learn by observing others.
Their intelligence is evident in their

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 adaptability and problem-solving to a broad audience. Sullivan,
skills. the show’s host, had a knack for
The study of animal intelligence finding talent that would resonate
challenges us to broaden our with viewers of all ages and
understanding of what intelligence backgrounds. This made the show
truly means. It showcases the a must-watch for families across
diverse ways in which intelligence America, and it helped shape the
is expressed in the animal kingdom, cultural landscape of the country.
often surpassing human capabilities The show also played an important
in specific domains. By exploring role in breaking down racial barriers.
these fascinating examples, we Sullivan was a strong advocate for
gain a deeper appreciation for the diversity, and he regularly featured
vast array of intelligence that exists African American performers on
beyond our own species. his show. This was a significant
step forward in the fight for racial
38. What is the main purpose of the lecture? equality, and it helped pave the way
39. What is mentioned about corvids? for greater representation of African
Americans in the entertainment

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40. What is NOT mentioned as an example of industry.
animal intelligence? The Ed Sullivan Show was a true

41. What is the professor’s attitude towards the

study of animal intelligence?
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It helped establish the variety show
format, and it set the standard for
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family entertainment. The show’s
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Questions 42 through 46: legacy continues to this day, and it

Listen to a part of a talk in a history class. remains one of the most beloved
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Professor : Alright, class, today we’re going and influential television programs
to talk about a television program of all time.
that was a cornerstone of American
42. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
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culture for over two decades: The

Ed Sullivan Show. 43. What is mentioned as a characteristic of The
The Ed Sullivan Show, which aired Ed Sullivan Show?
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from 1948 to 1971, was a variety

show that featured a wide range of 44. What is NOT mentioned as a contribution
performers, from comedians and of The Ed Sullivan Show?
singers to dancers and acrobats. The
45. What was Ed Sullivan’s attitude towards
show was known for its eclectic mix
diversity?
of talent, and it helped launch the
careers of many iconic performers, 46. What can be inferred about the professor’s
including The Beatles, Elvis Presley, view of The Ed Sullivan Show?
and The Jackson 5.
What made The Ed Sullivan Show
so unique was its ability to appeal

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Questions 47 through 50: 47. What is the lecture mainly about?
Listen to part of a talk in an economy class.
Professor : So, economics is basically about 48. What does the professor say about
how people deal with scarcity. opportunity cost?
Any time you decide how to use 49. What is the relationship between supply
your limited resources, like your and demand?
time or your money, you’re using
economics. 50. What does the professor imply about the
Now, there are two main branches students?
of economics that we’ll be looking
at in this class: microeconomics and
macroeconomics. Microeconomics
is about how individual people
and businesses make decisions.
Macroeconomics is about how the
economy works as a whole.
One of the most important concepts
in economics is opportunity cost.

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Opportunity cost is what you have
to give up in order to get something
else. For example, if you decide
to go to college, the opportunity
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cost of that decision is the money
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you could have earned if you had
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gotten a job instead.

Another important concept is
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supply and demand. Supply is

how much of something people
are willing to sell at a given price.
Demand is how much of something
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people are willing to buy at a given

price. The price of something is
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determined by the interaction of

supply and demand.
We’ll be talk ing about these
concepts and a lot more in this
class. I hope you’re all excited to
learn about economics!

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 SECTION 1:
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Section 1: Listening Comprehension
In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand
conversations and talks in English. There are 3 parts to this section, with special directions for each
part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in this test.
PART A
Directions: In Part A, you will hear short conversations between 2 people. After each conversation,
you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be
repeated. After you hear a question, read the 4 possible answers in your test book and choose the
best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Here is an example:
On the recording, you hear:

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(Woman) : I don't like this painting very much.
(Man) : Neither do I.
(Narrator) : What does the man mean?

What does the man mean?

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In your test book, you read:
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(A) He does not like the painting either.
(B) He does not know how to paint.
(C) He does not have any paintings.
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(D) He does not know what to do.

Sample Answer
A B C D
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You learn from the conversation that neither the man nor the woman likes the painting. The best
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answer to the question “What does the man mean?” is (A), “He does not like the painting either.”
Therefore, the correct choice is (A).
Now begin work on the questions.
1. What does the man mean? 3. What does the man mean?
A. The library will close soon. A. He does not remember where he got
B. He wants to go to the library. the scarf.
C. He does not like the library. C. H e w i l l g i v e t h e s c a r f t o h i s
D. The library is open until 9 p.m. grandmother.
D. He does not like the scarf.
2. What does the woman imply?
A. She does not know where the pen is. 4. What does the woman imply?
B. The man should buy a new pen. A. The cafeteria is open until 5:00 PM on
C. She saw the pen somewhere nearby. Fridays.
D. She will help the man look for his pen. B. The cafeteria is closed on Fridays.

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 C. The man should go to a different C. She is also interested in taking a
cafeteria. photography class.
D. The cafeteria has different hours on D. She will not take a photography class
Fridays. next semester.

5. What does the man imply? 11. What does the man mean?
A. Professor Smith will probably agree to A. He will go to the museum with the
meet with the woman. woman.
B. Professor Smith is not available to B. He enjoys going to museums.
meet with the woman. C. He will meet the woman at the
C. Professor Smith is not willing to help museum later.
students. D. He cannot go with the woman.
D. The woman should ask a different
professor for help. 12. What does the woman imply?
A. She does not need a new laptop.
6. What does the woman mean? B. She will buy the man a new laptop.
A. She will not lend the man her textbook. C. She also needs a new laptop.
B. She does not have an extra copy of the D. She knows where the man can buy a

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textbook. new laptop.
C. She will allow the man to use her
13. What does the man mean?
textbook.
D. She will give the man her textbook.
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B. He is also happy it is Friday.
7. What does the man imply? C. He does not have any plans for the
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A. He will definitely go to the party. weekend.
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B. He may go to the party later. D. He will work this weekend.

C. He will not go to the party.
14. What does the woman mean?
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D. He does not like parties.

A. She will not go to the library.
8. What does the woman mean? B. She will go to the library later.
A. She slept well last night. C. She will probably go to the library with
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B. She does not have an exam today. the man.

C. She also did not get much sleep. D. She does not like to study at the
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D. She will help the man study for the library.

exam. 15. What does the man imply?
A. He is interested in having dinner with
9. What does the man mean? the woman.
A. The woman will do well on her B. He does not want to have dinner with
presentation. the woman.
B. The woman should not be nervous. C. He has already had dinner.
C. The presentation is not important. D. He does not care what he eats for
D. He will help the woman with her dinner.
presentation.
16. What does the woman mean?
10. What does the woman imply? A. She does not like bikes.
A. She does not like photography. B. She would like to go for a bike ride
B. She has already taken a photography with the man.
class.

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 C. She will give the man a bike for his 23. What does the man mean?
birthday. A. He does not like guitars.
D. She already has a bike. B. He would also like to learn how to play
the guitar.
17. What does the man imply? C. He knows how to play a musical
A. He does not like cats. instrument.
B. He would like to get a cat too. D. He will teach the woman how to play
C. He thinks the woman should get a dog the guitar.
instead.
D. He also has a pet. 24. What does the woman imply?
A. She does not like concerts.
18. What does the woman mean? B. She wants to know more about the
A. She does not like the song. concert.
B. She also enjoys the song. C. She will also go to the concert.
C. She does not know the song. D. She does not know what concert the
D. She will play the song for the man. man is talking about.
19. What does the man mean? 25. What does the man mean?
A. He will go to the beach with the

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A. He will not go to the park.
woman. B. He does not like reading.
B. He does not like the beach.
C. He would like to go to the beach but
cannot.
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later.
D. He would like to go to the park with
D. He will meet the woman at the beach
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the woman.
later.
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26. What does the woman imply?

20. What does the woman imply? A. The man does not need a haircut.
A. She may go to the gym later.
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B. She will cut the man’s hair.

B. She does not like going to the gym. C. She agrees that the man needs a
C. She will go to the gym with the man. haircut.
D. She has already been to the gym D. She does not like the man’s hair.
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today.
27. What does the man imply?
21. What does the man imply?
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A. He does not like cake.

A. He thinks the woman should not B. He would like to try the woman’s cake.
volunteer at the animal shelter. C. He will help the woman bake the cake.
B. He thinks the woman is a kind person. D. He will bake a cake for the woman.
C. He does not like animals.
D. He will also volunteer at the animal 28. What does the woman mean?
shelter. A. She wants the man to buy her a loaf
of bread.
22. What does the woman mean? B. She does not need anything from the
A. She does not like plays. grocery store.
B. She has already seen the play. C. She will go to the grocery store with
C. She will go to the play with the man. the man.
D. She does not know what play the man D. She will meet the man at the grocery
is talking about. store later.

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29. What does the man imply? 34. W h y d i d n’ t t h e w o m a n t a k e t h e
A. He would like to help the woman plant environmental science class?
her garden. A. She wasn’t interested in the topic.
B. He thinks gardening is enjoyable. B. She had a scheduling conflict.
C. He thinks planting a garden is difficult. C. She preferred to focus on her statistics
D. He will also plant a garden this spring. class.
D. She thought the exams were too
30. What does the woman imply? difficult.
A. She does not like the library.
B. She will go to the library with the man. 35. What is the main topic of the conversation?
C. She will go to the library later. A. The influence of Frida Kahlo’s personal
D. She has already returned her library life on her art
books. B. The different artistic styles that
Part B influenced Frida Kahlo
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear C. The challenges Frida Kahlo faced
longer conversations. After each conversation, throughout her life
you will hear several questions. The conversations D. The symbolism and mythology in
and questions will not be repeated. Frida Kahlo’s paintings

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After you hear a question, read the 4 possible
answers in your test book and choose the best 36. According to the professor, what is one of
answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space
that corresponds to the letter of the answer you
s .co the main themes explored in Frida Kahlo’s
paintings?
A. Mexican folk art
have chosen. B. European Surrealism
C. The human body
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31. What is the main topic of the conversation? D. Her relationship with other artists
A. A seminar on climate change
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B. A statistics class project 37. What is the professor’s attitude towards

C. Writing a term paper on environmental Frida Kahlo’s work?
issues A. Critical
B. Appreciative
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D. Challenges of attending evening

events C. Indifferent
D. Confused
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32. What does the woman say about her term

paper?
A. It’s nearly complete. Part C
B. It focuses on the benefits of wind Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear
energy. several short talks. After each talk, you will hear
C. It discusses the challenges of wind some questions. The talks and the questions will
energy. not be repeated.
D. It’s for her statistics class. After you hear a question, read the 4 possible
answers in your test book and choose the best
33. What does the man say about Professor answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
Allen? number of the question and fill in the space
A. She is a strict professor. that corresponds to the letter of the answer you
B. She is a guest speaker at the seminar. have chosen.
C. She makes environmental science
engaging.
D. She assigns a lot of projects.

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Here is an example: Now listen to another sample question:
On the recording, you hear: In your test book, you read:
On the recording, you hear: Why does the speaker recommend watching
(Narrator) : Listen to an instructor talk to his the program?
class about a television program. A. It is required of all science majors.
(Man) : I'd like to tell you about an B. It will never be shown again.
interesting TV program that'll be C. It can help viewers improve their memory
shown this coming Thursday. It'll be skills.
on from 9 to 10 P.M., on Channel 4. D. It will help with course work.
It's part of a series called Mysteries Sample Answer
of Human Biology. The subject of A B C D
the program is the human brain—
how it functions and how it can
The best answer to the question “Why does the
malfunction. Topics that will be
speaker recommend watching the program?” is
covered are dreams, memory,
(D), “It will help with course work.” Therefore, the
and depression. These topics
correct choice is (D).
are illustrated with outstanding
computer animation that makes

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Now begin work on the questions.
the explanations easy to follow.
Make an effort to see this show.
Since we've been studying the
nervous system in class, I know
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38. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To compare the intelligence of corvids
and cetaceans.
you'll find it very helpful.
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B. To highlight the diverse forms of
(Narrator) : What is the main purpose of the intelligence in the animal kingdom.
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program? C. To explain how human activities

impact animal innovation.
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Now listen to a sample question: D. To discuss the importance of animal

In your test book, you read: intelligence for conservation efforts.
What is the main purpose of the program?
A. To demonstrate the latest use of computer 39. What is mentioned about corvids?
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graphics A. They have the ability to plan for the

B. To discuss the possibility of an economic future.
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depression B. They are more intelligent than

C. To explain the workings of the brain dolphins.
D. To dramatize a famous mystery story C. They have difficulty solving complex
Sample Answer puzzles.
A B C D D. They are primarily solitary creatures.

40. What is NOT mentioned as an example of

The best answer to the question, “What is the animal intelligence?
main purpose of the program?” is (C), ”To explain A. The use of tools by crows.
the workings of the brain.”Therefore, the correct B. The social structures of ants.
answer is (C). C. The hunting strategies of wolves.
D. T h e c a m o u f l a g e a b i l i t i e s o f
cephalopods.

41. What is the professor’s attitude towards the

study of animal intelligence?

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 A. It is essential for understanding D. He was hesitant to feature diverse
human intelligence. performers.
B. It is important to appreciating the
46. What can be inferred about the professor’s
diversity of intelligence.
view of The Ed Sullivan Show?
C. It is primarily focused on conservation A. It was a groundbreaking television
efforts. program.
D. It is limited by the lack of research in B. It had a negative impact on American
the field. society.
C. It has been largely forgotten by
42. What is the main purpose of the lecture? modern audiences.
A. To explain the role of television in D. It was not as significant as other
American culture. historical events.
B. To highlight the significance of The Ed
Sullivan Show in television history. 47. What is the lecture mainly about?
C. To discuss the impact of variety shows A. The definition of economics
B. The difference between micro-
on the entertainment industry.
economics and macroeconomics
D. To compare The Ed Sullivan Show with
C. The concept of opportunity cost
other popular television programs. D. The relationship between supply and

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demand
43. What is mentioned as a characteristic of The
Ed Sullivan Show?
A. I t featured a diverse range of
performers.
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opportunity cost?
A. It is the cost of the next best alternative.
B. It focused primarily on musical B. It is always measured in money.
performances. C. It is the same for everyone.
pa

C. It had a limited appeal to specific D. It is not an important concept in

audiences. economics.
om

D. It was known for its controversial 49. What is the relationship between supply
content. and demand?
A. Supply and demand are unrelated.
44. What is NOT mentioned as a contribution
uk

B. Supply creates demand.

of The Ed Sullivan Show? C. Demand creates supply.
A. Launching the careers of famous D. Supply and demand interact to
ed

performers. determine the price of something.

B. Breaking down racial barriers in
entertainment. 50. What does the professor imply about the
C. Promoting the use of technology in students?
television. A. They should already be familiar with
the concepts of opportunity cost and
D. Shaping the cultural landscape of
supply and demand.
America.
B. T h e y w i l l b e l e a r n i n g a b o u t
45. What was Ed Sullivan’s attitude towards opportunity cost and supply and
demand in more detail later in the
diversity?
course.
A. He was indifferent towards diversity
C. They are not expected to understand
on his show. the concepts of opportunity cost and
B. He actively promoted diversity in supply and demand.
entertainment. D. They will not be tested on the concepts
C. He faced criticism for his views on of opportunity cost and supply and
diversity. demand.

12
 SECTION 2:
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard
written English. There are 2 types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.

Structure:
Directions: Questions 1–15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence, you will see 4 words
or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds
to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Example I
Sample Answer
A B C D

m
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes ____ they both emit hot liquids from below the
Earth’s surface.
A. due to
B. because
C. in spite of
s .co
D. regardless of
The sentence should read, “Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they both
pa

emit hot liquids from beneath the Earth’s surface.” Therefore, the correct choice is (B).
om

Example II

During the early period of ocean navigation, ____ any need for sophisticated instruments and
uk

techniques.
A. so that hardly
B. when there hardly was
ed

C. hardly was
D. there was hardly

The sentence should read, “During the earlier period of ocean navigation, there was hardly any need
for sophisticated instruments and techniques.” Therefore, the correct answer is (D).
Sample Answer
A B C D

Now begin work on the questions.

13
1. The discovery of the new species of frog 8. The volcanic eruption, ______ by
______ significant because it fills a gap in seismologists, caused widespread
the evolutionary timeline. destruction.
A. is considered A. predicted C. prediction
B. considering B. predicting D. to predict
C. to be considered
D. it was considered 9. Advances in artificial intelligence ______
many aspects of daily life.
2. ______ from ancient ruins suggests that A. are transforming
the city was highly advanced for its time. B. transform
A. Artifacts uncovered C. transforming
B. Uncovering artifacts D. transformed
C. The artifacts uncover
D. The uncovering of artifacts 10. ______ essential for photosynthesis to
occur.
3. In some cultures, tea ceremonies ______ a A. Light is C. That light is
way to express respect and hospitality. B. Is light D. With light
A. serve as C. serves as
11. The filmmaker, ______ most famous for his

m
B. serving as D. is serving
action movies, won an award for his recent
4. ______ to the widespread use of solar drama.
panels is their ability to lower energy costs.
A. Contributed C. Contributing
.co A. who is
B. which is
C. is who
D. whose
B. Contribution D. Contributes
s
12. Astronomers announced that they ______
pa

5. The committee agreed that ______ more evidence of water on Mars.

data before making a final decision. A. have found C. finding
A. it needed C. was needed B. has found D. finds
om

B. needing D. need
13. ______ the teacher gave clear instructions,
6. Many students fail to realize that ______ many students struggled with the
uk

during lectures is critical for academic assignment.

success. A. Although C. Since
A. paying attention B. Because D. Even
ed

B. they pay attention

C. to pay attention 14. The project was completed ______ the
D. pay attention deadline despite several challenges.
A. ahead of C. under
7. The scientist explained that, ______ B. after D. during
experiments, they found evidence
supporting their hypothesis. 15. Researchers discovered that the ancient
A. conducting city ______ under layers of volcanic ash.
B. conduct A. was buried C. buried
C. having conducted B. burying D. buries
D. to conduct

14
Written Expression
Directions: In questions 16–40, each sentence has 4 underlined words or phrases. The underlined
parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). Identify the underlined word or phrase that must
be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number
of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Example I
Sample Answer
A B C D
Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish due to the bright colors of the males.
A B C D
The sentence should read, “Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish due to the bright colors of
the males.” Therefore, you should choose (B).

Example II
Sample Answer
A B C D
Serving several term in the United States Congress, Shirley Chisholm became a respected political figure.

m
A B C D

.co
The sentence should read, “Serving several terms in the United States Congress, Shirley Chisholm
became a respected political figure.” Therefore, you should choose (B).

Now begin work on the questions.

s
pa

16. The scientist explained that the results of the experiment was surprising, given the initial
A B C
hypothesis.
om

17. No sooner had the performance begun when the fire alarm went off.
uk

A B C D

18. The new policies aim to reduce carbon emissions, improve energy efficiency, and to promote
ed

A B C
renewable energy.
D

19. Having completed the exam early, the teacher was allowed to leave the room quietly.
A B C D

20. The guide provided instructions so that the hikers could safely cross the river and reached the
A B C D
other side.

21. Despite having an extensive collection of art, the gallery lacks a curator who expertise in modern
A B C D
sculpture.

15
22. Students must not only submit their assignments on time but also they should participate in
A B C
class discussions.
D

23. If the proposal would have been approved, the company could have expanded its operations
A B C
internationally.
D

24. The books laying on the table belong to the professor who teaches literature.
A B C D

25. The conference was postponed due to unforeseen circumstances that could not have been predicted.
A B C D

26. The journalist interviewed several witnesses, all of which provided differing accounts of the incident.
A B C D

m
27. There was a consensus among the attendees that more detailed data were necessary for a conclusion.
A B C D

A
.co
28. By the time the meeting started, most of the participants had already arrived, and some even
B C
began presenting their ideas.
s
D
pa

29. Neither of the solutions proposed by the engineers appear to be feasible under current conditions.
A B C D
om

30. The museum’s curator focused on explaining how the artifacts are displayed and why they were
A B C
uk

important historically.
D
ed

31. The manager asked the employees to finish their tasks quickly, accurately, and with efficiency.
A B C D

32. Every scientist who attends the conference are expected to present their research findings.
A B C D

33. The athletes, exhausted from their training, were determined to win the competition, despite of
A B C D
the challenges.

34. The reason why the experiment failed was a miscalculation in the initial measurements.
A B C D

16
35. The report emphasized the importance of implementing policies that encourages environmental
A B C
sustainability.
D

36. This software not only increases productivity but also to helps workers to communicate more
A B C
effectively.
D

37. The committee decided to delay the vote on the proposal until further informations are available.
A B C D

38. No matter how much time he spends studying, his grades do not seem improving significantly.
A B C D

39. While the project was successful in terms of profit, it failed to address its impact to the local community.
A B C D

m
40. The researcher was confident that the data gathered in the study will supported her hypothesis.
A B C D
s .co
pa
om
uk
ed

17
 SECTION 3:
READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions about it. For questions 1–50, you are to choose the best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each
question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Read the following sample passage:
The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to draw attention
to the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants have set out their wares at
daybreak and communal festivities have been celebrated, people have been in rough agreement
with their neighbors as to the time of day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent than
ever. Were it not for public acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably

m
chaotic: the massive daily transfers of goods, services, and information would proceed in fits and
starts; the very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel.

Example I
.co
What is the main idea of the passage?
s
A. In modern society we must make more time for our neighbors.
pa

B. The traditions of society are timeless.

C. An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth functioning of society.
D. Society judges people by the times at which they conduct certain activities.
om

The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is to be measured in
order to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose (C).
uk

Sample Answer:
A B C D
ed

Example II

In line 5, the phrase “this tradition” refers to ….

A. the practice of starting the business day at dawn
B. friendly relations between neighbors
C. the railroad’s reliance on time schedules
D. people’s agreement on the measurement of time

The phrase “this tradition” refers to the preceding clause, “people have been in rough agreement
with their neighbors as to the time of day.” Therefore, you should choose (D).
Sample Answer
A B C D
Now begin work on the questions.

18
Questions 1–10! 1. What is the main focus of the study
A recent study led by the Murdoch Children’s discussed in the passage?
Research Institute (MCRI) and published in The A. The prevalence and chronic nature
Lancet Psychiatry highlights the alarming of mental health symptoms among
prevalence and chronic nature of depression adolescents in Australia.
and anxiety symptoms among adolescents B. The importance of clinical care for
in Australia. The study, which tracked 1,239 adolescents.
children in Melbourne over eight years as part of C. The impact of school transitions on
the Child to Adult Transition Study (CATS), found adolescent mental health.
that nearly 75% of adolescents experience D. The role of COVID-19 in adolescent
clinically significant mental health symptoms, mental health.
with 64% reporting recurring issues across their
2. According to paragraph 1, what was the
adolescent years.
study’s key finding about mental health
The findings revealed that mental health symptoms among adolescents?
problems were often chronic, with girls at a A. Mental health issues were mostly
higher risk than boys. 84% of girls reported temporary.
experiencing depression or anxiety at least B. Nearly 75% of adolescents experienced

m
once during adolescence, and 72% of these clinically significant mental health
symptoms were chronic. In comparison, symptoms.
61% of boys reported symptoms, with 49%
experiencing them persistently. Symptoms
were often triggered by key stress points, such
s .co C. Boys experienced mental health
symptoms more than girls.
D. The study only focused on anxiety, not
as transitions from primary to secondary school, depression.
pa

exam periods, and the end of compulsory

education. Furthermore, three-quarters of 3. What does the word “chronic” in paragraph
participants with mental health struggles 1 mean in the context of the mental health
om

during the COVID-19 pandemic had already symptoms discussed?

experienced symptoms prior to the crisis. A. Rare
B. Short-term
uk

Professor Susan Sawyer from MCRI C. Severe

emphasized the need for preventive strategies, D. Persistent
stating that even well-resourced countries
ed

would struggle to provide sufficient clinical 4. Which of the following is mentioned in

care if every adolescent sought help. The study paragraph 2 as a factor that triggers mental
suggests a pressing need for interventions health symptoms among adolescents?
outside traditional clinical settings to address A. Social media usage
this widespread public health issue. B. Family conflicts
C. Key stress points
The CATS study is one of the most
D. Lack of sleep
comprehensive longitudinal studies on
adolescent mental health and reveals the highest 5. In paragraph 3, the author discusses
incidence of clinically significant mental health the role of the COVID-19 pandemic in
symptoms in any country to date. Researchers are adolescent mental health. What is said
now focused on exploring the long-term impacts about this?
of these symptoms on adolescents’ functioning A. Three-quarters of participants with
and overall health outcomes. mental health struggles during
Adapted from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/ COVID-19 had already experienced
releases/2024/12/241217131109.htm symptoms before.

19
 B. COVID-19 did not affect adolescents’ A. To demonstrate the effectiveness of
mental health. clinical treatments for adolescent
C. Most adolescents developed mental mental health
health symptoms only after the B. To criticize the current methods of
pandemic. diagnosing adolescent depression
D. The pandemic worsened symptoms and anxiety
only for boys. C. To promote the idea of focusing more
on physical health rather than mental
6. What does Professor Susan Sawyer health in adolescence
emphasize as necessary in order to address D. To highlight the urgent need for
adolescent mental health issues effectively? inter ventions and preventive
A. A stronger focus on clinical care strategies for adolescent mental
B. Strategies outside traditional clinical health
settings, such as preventive measures
C. More research on mental health in Questions 11–20!
adolescents
A research team led by Ben Shofty at the
D. Increased funding for mental health
University of Utah Health and Baylor College
programs in schools

m
of Medicine has used advanced brain imaging
7. What is the synonym of “highlighted” as to uncover how different brain regions work
used in the first sentence of the passage?
A. Ignored
B. Addressed
s .co together to produce creative thought. Published
in BRAIN on June 18, the study identifies the
brain’s default mode network (DMN) as crucial
C. Emphasized for creativity. The DMN is a network of brain
D. Doubted areas that is active during internally focused
pa

thinking, such as daydreaming or meditation,

8. According to the passage, which group of and is not goal-directed.
om

adolescents was found to be at higher risk

for mental health symptoms? While creativity doesn’t rely on a single
A. Boys brain region, Shofty suspected the DMN played
B. Girls a key role due to its involvement in spontaneous
uk

C. Adolescents from rural areas thought processes. To investigate this, the

D. Ad o l e s ce nt s w h o h a d a l re a d y team used electrodes implanted in the brains
ed

experienced mental health symptoms of participants, already being monitored for

epilepsy, to track the real-time activity of the
9. In paragraph 2, the word “these” refers to DMN during creative tasks. Participants were
which group of symptoms? asked to list novel uses for everyday items, and
A. Symptoms of depression and anxiety the researchers found that creative thinking was
in girls initially triggered by the DMN. This activity then
B. Symptoms that were triggered by synchronized with other brain areas responsible
school transitions for problem-solving and decision-making.
C. Symptoms that emerged during the
The study further demonstrated that
COVID-19 pandemic
specific regions of the DMN are required for
D. Symptoms that appeared after
creativity. When the researchers temporarily
adolescence
dampened these regions’ activity, participants
10. What is the purpose of the study mentioned generated less creative ideas, while their other
in the passage, as implied by the author? cognitive functions remained normal. This

20
suggests that the DMN is not just associated B. Activity that was measured during
with creativity but is essential for it. creative thinking tasks
C. Spontaneous brain activity that occurs
Shofty believes this insight could lead to
during daydreaming
interventions that enhance creativity or help
D. Activity that is synchronized with
treat conditions, like ruminative depression,
external stimuli
where the DMN’s activity is disrupted. Ultimately,
the goal is to understand the DMN’s role well 15. In paragraph 3, what did the researchers
enough to develop strategies for sparking find when they temporarily dampened the
creativity in individuals. activity of the DMN regions?
Adapted from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/ A. Participants generated more creative
releases/2024/07/240715103538.html ideas
B. Participants experienced cognitive
11. What is the main focus of the research problems in other areas
study discussed in the passage? C. Participants became more focused on
A. To explore how the brain’s default goal-directed tasks
m o d e n e t wo r k co nt r i b u te s to D. Participants showed less creativity, but
creativity other cognitive functions remained

m
B. To analyze the brain regions involved normal
in goal-directed thinking
C. To examine the relationship between
creativity and meditation
D. To investigate the impact of epilepsy
s .co
16. Which of the following words is closest
in meaning to “dampened” as used in
paragraph 3?
on creative thought processes A. Increased
B. Enhanced
pa

12. In paragraph 1, the study identifies the C. Reduced

brain’s default mode network (DMN) as D. Stabilized
om

crucial for which cognitive function?

A. Memory retention 17. What does the phrase “synchronized with
B. Problem-solving other brain areas” in paragraph 2 suggest
about the interaction between the DMN
uk

C. Creative thought
D. Goal-directed thinking and other brain regions?
A. The DMN coordinates with other
ed

13. According to paragraph 2, why did Shofty regions involved in problem-solving

suspect that the DMN was involved in and decision-making
creativity? B. The DMN works independently from
A. The DMN is associated with goal- other regions
setting C. The DMN only triggers activity in the
B. The DMN is active during spontaneous brain’s motor cortex
thought processes D. The DMN is passive while other regions
C. The DMN regulates emotional remain active
responses
D. The DMN is engaged in problem- 18. According to the passage, how might the
solving tasks findings from this study be applied in the
future?
14. What does the phrase “real-time activity” in A. To understand how to treat epilepsy
paragraph 2 refer to? using brain stimulation
A. Activity tracked by participants during
meditation

21
 B. To develop strategies to enhance nutritional value of crops, alongside agriculture’s
creativity or treat conditions where contribution to 26% of global greenhouse gas
the DMN is disrupted emissions.
C. To focus on reducing creativity in
The researchers propose several key
people with ruminative depression
actions to address the crisis. First, they call for
D. To explore the role of creativity in
global research initiatives that bring together
physical brain functions
scientists from both developed and developing
19. Which group is mentioned in the study as nations to share resources and expertise. They
participants who had electrodes implanted also emphasize the need to study plants
in their brains? in real-world conditions, rather than relying
A. Patients undergoing brain surgery for solely on controlled laboratory environments.
mental health issues Stronger partnerships between scientists
B. Individuals with no history of cognitive and farmers are critical to ensure that new
disorders technologies are practical and effective on the
C. Epilepsy patients who were being ground. Additionally, the researchers argue for
monitored for their condition building public trust in new crop development
D. Volunteers from the University of Utah technologies and streamlining regulations to

m
Health accelerate the implementation of innovative
solutions.
20. What does Shofty hope to achieve with the
insights from the study, according to the
passage?
.co Despite agriculture’s crucial role in food
security, only about 4% of global climate
funding—roughly $35 billion annually—is
s
A. To develop interventions to stop brain
allocated toward developing climate-resilient
activity
pa

food systems. Moreover, most of this funding

B. To better understand the DMN’s
focuses on large-scale farming in developed
role and develop strategies to spark
om

countries, leaving smaller farms, and developing

creativity
nations underserved. Co-author Andrew Nelson
C. To increase the synchronization of
highlighted the need for a shift in approach,
brain regions in non-creative tasks
suggesting that solutions should start by
uk

D. To treat cognitive disorders by

understanding the real-world challenges faced
blocking brain activity in creative
by farmers and then working backward to create
regions
ed

practical solutions.
Questions 21–30! The researchers stress that addressing this
A paper published in Trends in Plant challenge requires unprecedented collaboration
Science by an international team of researchers among scientists, farmers, policymakers, and the
highlights the urgent need to develop climate- public. They also emphasize the importance of
resilient crops to prevent widespread food making new technologies accessible to regions
shortages, famine, and global instability due to most affected by climate change, particularly in
climate change. Silvia Restrepo, president of the the Global South. As climate change accelerates,
Boyce Thompson Institute, stressed that crops the paper calls for decisive action and the
are increasingly unable to withstand extreme implementation of these recommendations
weather events like heatwaves, droughts, to create agricultural systems that are resilient
and floods, and current efforts to develop to climate impacts, improve food security, and
more resilient crops are not progressing fast ensure sustainable nutrition for all.
enough. The problem is compounded by more Adapted from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/
frequent pest outbreaks, diseases, and reduced releases/2024/12/241205184320.htm

22
21. What is the main focus of the paper 25. In paragraph 3, what is the role of Andrew
discussed in the passage? Nelson in the paper, and what does he
A. The need to develop climate-resilient highlight about the approach to climate-
crops to address food shortages and resilient agriculture?
global instability A. He suggests that solutions should
B. The impact of climate change on begin by understanding the real-
greenhouse gas emissions world challenges of farmers.
C. The role of pests and diseases in crop B. He emphasizes the importance of
production studying plant genetics in the lab.
D. How farmers can adapt to extreme C. He focuses on the need for more
weather conditions funding for large-scale farming
projects.
22. According to paragraph 1, what are some D. He advocates for a shift toward solely
of the challenges faced by crops in relation laboratory-based crop research.
to climate change?
A. Overuse of fertilizers and pesticides 26. Which of the following words is closest
B. Lack of interest in climate-resilient crops in meaning to the word “emphasize” in
C. Reduced agricultural productivity due paragraph 2?

m
to urbanization A. Argue
D. Inability to withstand extreme weather B. Suggest
events, pest outbreaks, and diseases

23. In paragraph 2, what do the researchers

s .co C. Challenge
D. Stress

propose to address the challenges of 27. In paragraph 4, what does the phrase
developing climate-resilient crops? “Global South” refer to?
pa

A. Increased focus on laboratory-based A. The agricultural systems in developed

research only countries
om

B. Global research initiatives, stronger B. The regions most affected by climate

partnerships, and public trust in new change, particularly in developing
technologies countries
uk

C. Restricting funding to large-scale C. The geographical areas where climate-

farming projects resilient crops are mostly produced
D. Focusing on increasing agricultural D. The regions with the highest levels of
ed

land in developing countries greenhouse gas emissions

24. What is suggested in paragraph 3 about 28. What does the phrase “addressing this
global climate funding and its allocation? challenge” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Most climate funding is directed A. T h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f n e w
toward developing nations and farming techniques to increase crop
smaller farms. production
B. A large portion of global climate B. The need for international cooperation
funding is directed toward large-scale to mitigate climate change
farming in developed countries. C. The necessity of collaboration to
C. There is no funding available for create climate-resilient agricultural
developing climate-resilient food systems
systems. D. The development of new technologies
D. Funding for climate-resilient food for large-scale farming
systems is evenly distributed globally.

23
29. According to the passage, what is one of intestine varied greatly between individuals,
the critical needs in the development of ranging from 2 to 10 hours. This difference likely
climate-resilient crops? affects nutrient absorption and the amount
A. Stronger collaboration between of undigested food that reaches the large
scientists, farmers, and policymakers intestine, where gut bacteria play a crucial role
B. More research focused solely on large- in fermentation and metabolism.
scale farming in developed nations
As the capsule passed through the
C. Increased government regulations for
digestive tract, it recorded pH changes, which
controlling pest outbreaks
are vital for bacterial activity. The stomach was
D. Expansion of agricultural land in the
highly acidic, the small intestine neutralized
Global North
this acid, and the large intestine saw pH
30. What is the author’s main concern about changes due to bacterial fermentation. These
the current efforts to develop climate- variations in gut environment helped explain
resilient crops, based on the passage? the differences in gut microbiome composition
A. They are advancing too quickly among participants.
without proper research The findings suggest that individual
B. They are focused too much on differences in gut physiology, such as pH levels

m
developing new technologies for and digestive transit time, play a significant
large-scale farming role in why people react differently to the same
C. There is insufficient funding and
progress in developing effective,
resilient crops
.co foods. This knowledge could pave the way for
more personalized nutrition guidelines in the
future, considering each person’s unique gut
s
D. They are not addressing the issues of environment. The study was part of the PRIMA
pa

food security in developed countries project and supported by the Novo Nordisk
Foundation.
Questions 31–40!
om

Adapted from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/

A study from the University of Copenhagen’s releases/2024/12/241202123644.htm
Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports
sheds new light on the gut environment and 31. What is the main focus of the study
uk

its impact on gut bacteria. The research, led by discussed in the passage?
Associate Professor Henrik Roager, explored A. The role of gut bacteria in digestion
ed

how changes in the gut’s pH, temperature, and B. The impact of gut environment factors
pressure affect gut microbiome composition on gut bacteria composition and
and metabolism. The study, published in Nature metabolism
Microbiology, used a novel approach where 50 C. The effectiveness of personalized
participants swallowed a capsule that traveled nutrition guidelines
through their digestive systems, recording data D. The role of diet in gut bacteria
on these factors as it moved from the stomach fermentation
to the large intestine.
32. In paragraph 1, what was the novel
The capsule, which was swallowed along approach used in the study to explore the
with a standardized breakfast, measured various gut environment?
environmental conditions throughout the gut, A. Participants swallowed a capsule that
providing insights beyond traditional stool recorded data as it moved through the
sample analysis. The study found that the time digestive system
it took for the capsule to pass through the small B. Participants were asked to record their
diet over a period of weeks

24
 C. The study used stool samples to 37. According to paragraph 4, what does the
measure gut bacteria study suggest about individual differences
D. The research focused on analyzing in gut physiology?
food digestion in a controlled lab A. They do not affect nutrient absorption
setting B. They are primarily due to genetic
factors
33. According to paragraph 2, what was one of C. They play a significant role in how
the key findings regarding the time it took people react to the same foods
for the capsule to pass through the small D. T h e y a r e n o t i m p o r t a n t f o r
intestine? understanding gut microbiome
A. The passage time was consistent composition
across all participants
B. The time varied greatly between 38. What does the term “gut microbiome” refer
individuals, ranging from 2 to 10 hours to, as mentioned in the study?
C. The time was the same for all A. The process of digestion in the
participants, averaging 5 hours stomach
D. The passage time was longer in B. The bacteria and microorganisms
participants who ate a larger breakfast found in the digestive system

m
C. The pH levels within the stomach
34. What does the word “variation” in paragraph D. The physical structure of the intestine
3 most closely mean in the context of gut
environment conditions?
A. Stability
s .co
39. In paragraph 4, what is the significance of
the study’s findings for the future?
B. Consistency A. They may help develop personalized
C. Differences nutrition guidelines based on gut
pa

D. Decrease physiology
B. The findings could lead to better
om

35. In paragraph 3, what role do pH changes understanding of bacterial infections

in the gut play in bacterial activity? C. The study suggests that all people
A. They inhibit bacterial fermentation should follow the same diet
B. They create an environment conducive
uk

D. It highlights the need for more

to bacterial growth research on digestion times alone
C. They neutralize bacterial activity in the
ed

stomach 40. Who supported the research discussed in

D. They prevent nutrient absorption in the passage?
the large intestine A. The Department of Nutrition, Exercise,
and Sports
36. Which of the following words is closest in B. The Novo Nordisk Foundation
meaning to “crucial” as used in paragraph C. The PRIMA project
2? D. The University of Copenhagen
A. Irrelevant
B. Moderate
C. Minor
D. Critical

25
Questions 41–50! was supported by the National Institute on
Breathing problems during sleep, such as Aging.
obstructive sleep apnea, may have unexpected Adapted from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/
effects on brain health, particularly the releases/2024/12/241218174722.htm

hippocampus, a region essential for memory

and cognitive function. A recent study published 41. What is the main focus of the study
in Neurology on December 18, 2024, explored discussed in the passage?
the link between sleep-disordered breathing A. The effects of sleep-disordered
and brain structure in a primarily Latino breathing on brain health, particularly
population. The study found that people with the hippocampus
sleep disruptions, particularly those with lower B. The causes of obstructive sleep apnea
oxygen levels during sleep, had changes in brain in Latino populations
volume, including an increase in hippocampal C. The role of the hippocampus in
size and alterations in white matter, which memory loss
is often linked to cognitive decline and age- D. The relationship between sleep
related brain damage. deprivation and cognitive decline

Sleep-disordered breathing, including 42. In paragraph 1, how did the researchers

m
obstructive sleep apnea, occurs when breathing find sleep-disordered breathing to be
stops repeatedly during sleep, causing oxygen linked to changes in the brain?
levels to drop. While previous research
has connected sleep problems with brain
shrinkage, this study suggests a more complex
s .co A. It caused a decrease in brain volume,
especially in the hippocampus.
B. It was associated with increased
relationship, with certain areas of the brain, hippocampal size and alterations in
pa

like the hippocampus, growing in response to white matter.

disrupted sleep. This growth could be linked to C. It had no significant effect on brain
the brain’s attempt to cope with the effects of structure.
om

low oxygen levels. Latinos, who are at a higher D. It only affected the brain’s white
risk of dementia compared to non-Latino matter without influencing the
whites, were the primary focus of the study. hippocampus.
uk

The study involved 2,667 Latino 43. According to paragraph 2, what does
par ticipants, aged 68 on average, who the study suggest about the relationship
ed

completed a take-home sleep test to measure between sleep-disordered breathing and

breathing disruptions. After ten years, brain brain changes?
scans revealed that those with more frequent A. Sleep problems cause brain shrinkage
sleep disruptions had a larger hippocampus. in all areas.
Each additional sleep disruption was linked to B. Sleep disruptions have no effect on
a slight increase in hippocampal volume. Lower brain structure.
oxygen levels during sleep were also associated C. The brain’s response to low oxygen is
with both increased hippocampal size and more to shrink, not grow.
white matter hyperintensities, which indicate D. The hippocampus grows in response
brain tissue damage. to disrupted sleep and low oxygen
The findings highlight the need for further levels.
research to understand how sleep health affects 44. In paragraph 3, how many participants
brain aging and cognitive function, especially were involved in the study, and what was
for people at higher risk of dementia. The study their average age?

26
 A. 1,200 participants, aged 60 49. What is the significance of the study
B. 2,667 participants, aged 68 being focused on Latinos, as mentioned in
C. 3,500 participants, aged 70 paragraph 2?
D. 1,000 participants, aged 65 A. Latinos have a lower risk of dementia
compared to other ethnic groups
45. Which of the following best describes B. Latinos were specifically chosen
“white matter hyperintensities” mentioned because they experience more
in paragraph 3? frequent sleep disruptions
A. Areas of brain tissue damage linked to C. Latinos are at a higher risk of dementia
cognitive decline compared to non-Latino whites
B. Brain regions that grow in response to D. Latinos were used to study the effects
sleep problems of sleep-disordered breathing on
C. Healthy brain regions associated with cognitive decline
good sleep quality
D. Changes in brain activity related to 50. What support did the study receive,
oxygen levels during sleep according to the last sentence of the
passage?
46. What does the word “disruptions” in A. The National Institute on Aging

m
paragraph 3 most closely mean in the B. The National Institute of Health
context of the passage? C. Private health organizations
A. Breaks
B. Interruptions
C. Improvements
s .co D. University grants and internal funding

D. Patterns
pa

47. According to paragraph 4, what do the

findings suggest about sleep health and
om

cognitive function in people at higher risk

of dementia?
A. Sleep problems are unrelated to brain
aging in these individuals
uk

B. Sleep disorders only affect people

with dementia, not those at risk
ed

C. Sleep disruptions help protect against

cognitive decline
D. Fur ther research is needed to
understand the impact of sleep health
on cognitive function

48. In paragraph 2, the term “complex

relationship” is used. What does “complex”
mean in this context?
A. Simple and easy to understand
B. Complicated and involving multiple
factors
C. Irrelevant and unnecessary
D. Unpredictable and dangerous

27
 PEMBAHASAN

untuk membantu pria itu belajar (She will allow

LISTENING
the man to use her textbook).
Jawaban: C
PART A
7. Pria itu belum memutuskan untuk pergi ke
1. Pria tersebut menjawab bahwa menurutnya pesta karena ia masih harus menyelesaikan
perpustakaan tutup pukul 9 malam. Meskipun esainya. Namun, ada kemungkinan ia akan hadir
ia tidak sepenuhnya yakin, pernyataannya jika tugasnya selesai (He may go to the party
memberikan gambaran bahwa perpustakaan
later).
buka sampai pukul 9 malam (The library is open Jawaban: B
until 9 p.m.).
Jawaban: D 8. Wanita itu menyebutkan bahwa ia juga
begadang untuk belajar ujian, sehingga tidak

m
2. Wanita tersebut menyebutkan bahwa ia cukup tidur menunjukkan bahwa ia merasakan
mungkin melihat pena pria itu di meja dekat kelelahan yang sama seperti pria itu (She also did
mesin kopi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ia
percaya pena tersebut masih ada di area sekitar
tempat yang disebutkan.
.co not get much sleep).
Jawaban: C

Jawaban: C 9. Pria tersebut mencoba meyakinkan wanita

s
itu bahwa ia tidak perlu khawatir karena ia
pa
3. Pria tersebut menjelaskan bahwa syal itu
yakin wanita tersebut akan tampil baik dalam
dibuat oleh neneknya, yang mengindikasikan
presentasinya (The woman will do well on her
bahwa syal itu adalah hadiah buatan tangan
om

presentation).
yang memiliki makna sentimental baginya (He
Jawaban: A
received the scarf as a gift).
Jawaban: B 10. Wanita tersebut menyatakan bahwa ia juga
uk

sedang mempertimbangkan untuk mengambil

4. Wanita tersebut berpendapat bahwa kafetaria
kelas fotografi (She is also interested in
mungkin tutup lebih awal pada hari Jumat.
taking a photography class), menunjukkan
ed

Ini menunjukkan bahwa jam buka kafetaria

ketertarikannya terhadap topik yang sama.
berbeda di hari Jumat (The cafeteria has different
Jawaban: C
hours on Fridays).
Jawaban: D 11. Pria itu menunjukkan ketertarikannya untuk
ikut ke museum, tetapi ia tidak bisa karena
5. Pria itu menyatakan bahwa Profesor Smith
memiliki tanggung jawab pekerjaan yang harus
selalu senang membantu mahasiswa, yang
diselesaikan (He cannot go with the woman).
berarti kemungkinan besar ia akan bersedia
Jawaban: D
bertemu untuk membahas proposal penelitian
(Professor Smith will probably agree to meet with 12. Wanita itu juga mengeluhkan bahwa laptopnya
the woman). sudah tua dan lambat, yang berarti ia juga
Jawaban: A sedang mempertimbangkan untuk mengganti
laptopnya (She also needs a new laptop).
6. Wanita tersebut menawarkan salinan ekstra
Jawaban: C
buku teks kepada pria itu. Ini menunjukkan
bahwa ia bersedia meminjamkan buku tersebut

28
13. Pria tersebut menyatakan bahwa ia juga senang 21. Pria tersebut memuji wanita itu karena
karena sudah akhir pekan. Hal ini menunjukkan berencana menjadi sukarelawan di tempat
bahwa ia menantikan waktu istirahat atau penampungan hewan, yang menunjukkan
kegiatan lainnya di akhir pekan (He is also happy bahwa ia mengapresiasi tindakan tersebut
it is Friday). sebagai sesuatu yang baik (He thinks the woman
Jawaban: B is a kind person).
Jawaban: B
14. Wanita tersebut menyatakan bahwa ia juga
akan pergi ke perpustakaan, yang berarti 22. Wanita itu menyebutkan bahwa ia telah
kemungkinan besar mereka akan pergi bersama menonton pertunjukan itu bulan lalu dan
(She will probably go to the library with the man). menganggapnya bagus, yang menunjukkan
Jawaban: C bahwa ia sudah memiliki pengalaman dengan
pertunjukan tersebut (She has already seen the
15. Pria itu dengan antusias bertanya tentang menu play).
makan malam, yang menunjukkan bahwa ia Jawaban: B
sangat tertarik untuk menerima undangan
makan malam tersebut (He is interested in having 23. Pria itu menyebutkan bahwa ia memainkan
dinner with the woman). piano, yang menunjukkan bahwa ia juga
Jawaban: A memiliki keterampilan dalam bermusik (He

m
knows how to play a musical instrument).
16. Wanita itu merespons dengan antusias dan Jawaban: C
mengusulkan untuk bersepeda bersama. Hal ini
menunjukkan bahwa ia ingin berbagi aktivitas
tersebut dengan pria itu (She would like to go for
.co
24. Wanita itu bertanya siapa yang akan tampil,
yang menunjukkan bahwa ia tertarik untuk
a bike ride with the man). mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang konser yang
s
Jawaban: B akan dihadiri pria itu (She wants to know more
pa

about the concert).

17. Pria itu menyebutkan bahwa ia memiliki seekor Jawaban: B
anjing, yang menunjukkan bahwa ia juga
om

memiliki pengalaman memelihara hewan (He 25. Pria tersebut menyatakan keinginannya untuk
also has a pet). ikut ke taman, yang menunjukkan bahwa ia
Jawaban: D tertarik untuk menghabiskan waktu bersama
uk

wanita itu (He would like to go to the park with

18. Wanita itu menyatakan bahwa lagu tersebut the woman).
adalah favoritnya, yang berarti ia memiliki Jawaban: D
ed

pendapat yang sama dengan pria itu tentang

lagu tersebut (She also enjoys the song). 26. Wanita itu dengan lugas menyatakan bahwa
Jawaban: B pria tersebut memang membutuhkan potong
rambut, menunjukkan bahwa ia setuju dengan
19. Pria tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa ia keputusan pria itu (She agrees that the man
berharap bisa pergi ke pantai, tetapi ada
needs a haircut).
kendala yang membuatnya tidak bisa ikut (He Jawaban: C
would like to go to the beach but cannot).
Jawaban: C 27. Pria tersebut dengan antusias meminta bagian
dari kue tersebut, yang menunjukkan bahwa ia
20. Wanita itu menyatakan bahwa ia perlu pergi sangat ingin mencicipinya (He would like to try
ke gim, tetapi jadwalnya padat, sehingga ada
the woman’s cake).
kemungkinan ia akan pergi jika waktunya
Jawaban: B
memungkinkan (She may go to the gym later).
Jawaban: A 28. Wanita tersebut dengan spesifik meminta
roti, yang berarti ia membutuhkan pria itu
membelikan barang tersebut dari toko (She

29
 wants the man to buy her a loaf of bread). menjadi sangat menarik meskipun ujian dalam
Jawaban: A kelasnya cukup sulit. Pujian ini menunjukkan
bahwa Profesor Allen memiliki keahlian dalam
29. P r i a t e r s e b u t m e n g o m e n t a r i b a h w a menyampaikan materi dengan cara yang
berkebun membutuhkan banyak usaha, yang menarik bagi para mahasiswa. Maka, jawaban
menunjukkan bahwa ia menganggap pekerjaan yang benar adalah beliau membuat ilmu
tersebut cukup menantang (He thinks planting lingkungan menarik (She makes environmental
a garden is difficult). science engaging).
Jawaban: C Jawaban: C
30. Wanita itu menyatakan bahwa ia juga perlu 34. Si wanita menjelaskan bahwa dia sebenarnya
ke perpustakaan, yang menunjukkan bahwa ingin mengambil kelas ilmu lingkungan.
mereka mungkin akan pergi bersama (She will Namun, ia terpaksa tidak mendaftar karena
go to the library with the man). jadwalnya bentrok dengan kelas statistik yang
Jawaban: B sedang ia ambil. Dari sini, jelas bahwa alasan
utama dia tidak mengikuti kelas tersebut adalah
PART B masalah jadwal, bukan karena ketidaktertarikan
atau kesulitan dengan topiknya. Jadi, jawaban
31. Topik utama percakapan tersebut adalah yang benar adalah karena ada konflik jadwal

m
seminar tentang solusi perubahan iklim. Hal ini (She had a scheduling conflict).
terlihat jelas ketika percakapan dibuka dengan Jawaban: B
si pria yang memberitahu si wanita tentang
seminar yang akan diadakan oleh Profesor
Allen. Percakapan mereka kemudian berlanjut
dengan pembahasan tentang seminar tersebut,
.co 35. Percakapan tersebut berfokus pada bagaimana
kehidupan pribadi Frida Kahlo memengaruhi
karya seninya. Profesor tersebut menjelaskan
s
termasuk topik teknologi inovatif seperti energi bagaimana pengalaman pribadinya, seperti
pa
terbarukan dan penangkapan karbon. Oleh kecelakaan, masalah kesehatan, dan hubungan
karena itu, jawaban yang paling sesuai adalah dengan Diego Rivera, sangat membentuk visi
sebuah seminar tentang perubahan iklim (A artistiknya. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang
om

seminar on climate change). paling tepat adalah pengaruh kehidupan

Jawaban: A pribadi Frida Kahlo terhadap seninya (The
influence of Frida Kahlo’s personal life on her art).
uk

32. Si wanita menjelaskan bahwa ia sedang Jawaban: A

menulis makalah tentang energi angin.
Dalam percakapan, dia menekankan 36. Profesor menyebutkan bahwa salah satu tema
ed

bahwa makalahnya tidak hanya membahas utama dalam karya Frida Kahlo adalah eksplorasi
pertumbuhan energi angin, tetapi juga tentang rasa sakit, tubuh manusia, dan identitas.
tantangan yang dihadapi, seperti dampaknya Ini didasarkan pada pengalaman pribadinya
terhadap satwa liar dan komunitas lokal. Dengan yang berhubungan dengan kecelakaan dan
kata lain, dia secara khusus menyebutkan masalah kesehatan. Maka, jawaban yang benar
bahwa tantangan tersebut menjadi bagian adalah tubuh manusia (the human body).
penting dalam makalahnya. Maka, jawaban Jawaban: C
yang tepat adalah membahas tantangan dari
energi angin (It discusses the challenges of wind 37. Profesor jelas memiliki sikap yang sangat
energy). menghargai karya Frida Kahlo. Dia memuji
Jawaban: C kedalaman emosi dalam karya-karyanya dan
menggambarkannya sebagai ikon dalam sejarah
33. Si pria mengungkapkan kekagumannya seni. Dengan kata lain, sikapnya terhadap karya
terhadap cara Profesor Allen mengajar. Dia Frida Kahlo adalah menghargai (appreciate).
mengatakan bahwa Profesor Allen mampu Jawaban: B
membuat materi tentang ilmu lingkungan

30
PART C Show dalam sejarah televisi. Profesor itu
membahas bagaimana acara ini memengaruhi
38. Tujuan utama perkuliahan tersebut adalah
budaya Amerika, meluncurkan karier artis
untuk menunjukkan betapa beragamnya
terkenal, dan mempromosikan keberagaman.
bentuk kecerdasan yang ada di dunia hewan.
Fokusnya adalah pada dampak historis acara
Profesor itu memberikan banyak contoh dari
tersebut di dunia televisi, sehingga jawaban
berbagai spesies untuk menggambarkan
yang benar adalah untuk menyoroti pentingnya
bagaimana kecerdasan diekspresikan dengan
The Ed Sullivan Show dalam sejarah televisi (To
cara yang berbeda, sering kali melampaui
kemampuan manusia dalam domain tertentu. highlight the significance of The Ed Sullivan Show
Maka, jawaban yang paling tepat adalah untuk in television history).
menyoroti beragam bentuk kecerdasan di Jawaban: B
dunia hewan (To highlight the diverse forms of
43. Profesor tersebut menjelaskan bahwa salah
intelligence in the animal kingdom). satu karakteristik utama acara itu adalah
Jawaban: B beragamnya jenis penampil, mulai dari penyanyi
dan komedian hingga akrobat dan penari. Hal
39. Profesor tersebut menyebutkan bahwa
ini membuat acaranya unik dan menarik bagi
burung corvid, seperti gagak dan burung
berbagai jenis penonton. Maka, jawaban yang
gagak hitam, memiliki kemampuan luar biasa
tepat adalah acara tersebut menampilkan
dalam memecahkan masalah, membuat dan

m
menggunakan alat, serta merencanakan masa beragam jenis penampil (It featured a diverse
depan. Ini menunjukkan tingkat kecerdasan range of performers).
yang tinggi. Maka, jawaban yang benar
adalah mereka memiliki kemampuan untuk
merencanakan masa depan (They have the
.co Jawaban: A

44. Dalam perkuliahan tersebut, profesor

menyebutkan bahwa acara itu meluncurkan
s
ability to plan for the future). karier artis terkenal, membantu memecahkan
pa
Jawaban: A hambatan rasial, dan membentuk lanskap
budaya Amerika. Namun, tidak ada pembahasan
40. Dalam perkuliahan tersebut, profesor
tentang promosi teknologi dalam televisi.
om

menyebutkan alat yang digunakan oleh burung

Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang benar adalah
gagak, struktur sosial semut, dan kemampuan
mempromosikan penggunaan teknologi dalam
kamuflase cephalopoda seperti gurita. Namun,
strategi berburu serigala tidak disebutkan. televisi (Promoting the use of technology in
uk

Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang benar adalah television).

strategi berburu serigala (The hunting strategies Jawaban: C
ed

of wolves). 45. Profesor tersebut menjelaskan bahwa Ed

Jawaban: C Sullivan adalah pendukung kuat keberagaman,
yang terlihat dari seringnya ia menampilkan
41. Profesor menunjuk k an apresiasi yang
a r t i s Af r i k a -Am e r i k a d i a c a ra nya . H a l
mendalam terhadap studi tentang kecerdasan
ini menunjukkan bahwa ia secara aktif
hewan. Dia menekankan pentingnya studi ini
mempromosikan keberagaman di dunia
untuk memperluas pemahaman kita tentang
hiburan. Maka, jawaban yang benar adalah ia
arti kecerdasan yang sebenarnya dan untuk
secara aktif mempromosikan keberagaman
menghargai keberagaman kecerdasan di luar
spesies manusia. Maka, jawaban yang tepat dalam hiburan (He actively promoted diversity
adalah penting untuk menghargai keragaman in entertainment).
kecerdasan (It is important to appreciating the Jawaban: B
diversity of intelligence). 46. Profesor tersebut menggambarkan The
Jawaban: B Ed Sullivan Show sebagai program televisi
yang inovatif dan sangat berpengaruh. Ia
42. Tujuan utama dari perkuliahan tersebut adalah
menyebutkan bahwa acara ini adalah pelopor
untuk menyoroti pentingnya The Ed Sullivan

31
 dalam format acara varietas dan terus dikenang akan mempelajari konsep biaya peluang dan
sebagai salah satu program televisi paling penawaran serta permintaan secara lebih rinci
berpengaruh sepanjang masa. Oleh karena di kemudian hari dalam kelas tersebut (They will
itu, jawaban yang tepat adalah The Ed Sullivan be learning about opportunity cost and supply
Show adalah program televisi yang inovatif (It and demand in more detail later in the course).
was a groundbreaking television program). Jawaban: B
Jawaban: A
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN
47. Perkuliahan tersebut memberikan gambaran
EXPRESSION
umum tentang ekonomi, termasuk cabang-
cabang utamanya (mik roekonomi dan
makroekonomi), serta konsep inti seperti 1.
peluang dan penawaran serta permintaan. TRIK!!
Namun, inti utama perkuliahan tersebut Rumus Pasif
adalah mendefinisikan apa itu ekonomi dan
bagaimana konsep-konsep ini terkait dengan Simple Present:
pengambilan keputusan sehari-hari. Oleh Subjek + is/am/are + kata kerja bentuk ke-3
karena itu, jawaban yang benar adalah definisi (V3)
ekonomi (The definition of economics).
Present Continuous:

m
Jawaban: A
Subjek + is/am/are + being + kata kerja bentuk
ke-3 (V3)
48. Profesor tersebut menjelaskan bahwa biaya
peluang adalah apa yang harus dikorbankan
untuk mendapatkan sesuatu yang lain,
.co Frasa “is considered” menggunakan bentuk
pasif simple present tense yang sesuai untuk
misalnya, kehilangan potensi penghasilan jika
s
memutuskan untuk kuliah daripada bekerja. menyatakan penilaian yang masih berlaku
pa

Penjelasan ini menunjukkan bahwa biaya hingga saat ini. Dalam konteks tersebut,
peluang adalah cost of the next best alternative. “penemuan spesies baru katak” dianggap
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah biaya peluang signifikan. Pemilihan bentuk pasif menunjukkan
om

adalah biaya dari alternatif terbaik berikutnya. fokus pada penemuan itu sendiri, bukan pada
Jawaban: A pihak yang menilainya.
Jawaban: A
49. Profesor tersebut menjelaskan bahwa harga
uk

suatu barang ditentukan oleh interaksi 2. Frasa “artifacts uncovered” adalah bentuk frasa
antara penawaran dan permintaan. Penjual nominal yang menunjukkan bahwa “artefak
yang ditemukan” memberikan bukti. Pilihan
ed

menawarkan barang dengan harga tertentu,

sementara pembeli menentukan berapa banyak ini menggunakan participle “uncovered” untuk
yang ingin mereka beli dengan harga tersebut. menjelaskan artefak tersebut, menjadikan
Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang benar adalah kalimat lebih ringkas dan jelas. Ini juga menjaga
penawaran dan permintaan berinteraksi untuk fokus pada subjek “artefak”.
Jawaban: A
menentukan harga sesuatu (supply and demand
interact to determine the price of something). 3. Kata kerja “serve” digunakan dalam bentuk
Jawaban: D jamak sesuai dengan subjek “tea ceremonies”
yang merupakan plural noun. Dalam grammar,
50. Profesor tersebut menyatakan bahwa konsep-
subject-verb agreement p ent i ng unt uk
konsep seperti biaya peluang dan penawaran
memastikan kata kerja sesuai dengan bentuk
serta permintaan akan dibahas lebih lanjut
subjek.
selama kelas ini. Ini menunjukkan bahwa
Jawaban: A
mahasiswa tidak diharapkan untuk sepenuhnya
memahami konsep ini sekarang, tetapi mereka 4. “Contributing” adalah participle yang berfungsi
akan mempelajarinya secara mendalam nanti. sebagai gerund di sini yang menunjukkan
Maka, jawaban yang tepat adalah mereka hubungan sebab-akibat. Frasa tersebut

32
 memperkenalkan alasan utama mengapa panel 10. “Light is” adalah struktur sederhana yang
surya digunakan secara luas. Penggunaan frasa menunjukkan bahwa cahaya merupakan
tersebut tanpa mengganggu struktur utama elemen esensial dalam fotosintesis. Subjek
kalimat. “light” diikuti oleh to be “is” yang sesuai dengan
Jawaban: C simple present tense.
Jawaban: A
5. “It needed” menggunakan past tense untuk
menunjukkan kebutuhan masa lalu yang 11. “Who is” digunakan untuk menjelaskan
disepakati oleh komite. Struktur ini mengikuti pembuat film tersebut dalam klausa relatif.
subjek “the committee” dan menegaskan Subjek “the filmmaker” membutuhkan kata
keputusan formal yang telah dibuat. penghubung yang menjelaskan karakteristik
Jawaban: A tertentu (terkenal dengan film aksi).
Jawaban: A
6. “Paying attention” adalah gerund yang berfungsi
sebagai subjek kalimat. Dalam konteks tersebut, 12.
perhatian selama kuliah disebut sebagai elemen
TRIK!!
penting, sehingga bentuk gerund lebih sesuai
untuk menyatakan konsep abstrak. Rumus Present Perfect Tense
Jawaban: A Kalimat Positif:
Subject + have/has + Verb-3 (Past Participle)

m
7. “Conducting” adalah par ticiple yang
menunjukkan bahwa tindakan melakukan Kalimat Negatif:
eksperimen terjadi bersamaan dengan
penemuan bukti. Ini memberikan kontinuitas
logis dalam urutan tindakan yang dijelaskan.
s .co Subject + have/has + not + Verb-3 (Past
Participle)

Jawaban: A Kalimat Tanya:

Have/Has + Subject + Verb-3 (Past Participle)?
pa

8. “Predicted” adalah participle pasif yang merujuk

pada kejadian di masa lalu. Kata ini berfungsi “Have found” menggunakan present perfect tense
sebagai keterangan tambahan tentang “letusan
om

yang tepat untuk menyatakan penemuan baru-

gunung berapi” yang diprediksi oleh seismolog. baru ini dengan dampak yang masih relevan
Jawaban: A saat ini. Subjek “they” cocok dengan kata kerja
bantu “have.”
uk

9.
Jawaban: A
TRIK!!
13. “Although” adalah kata penghubung yang
ed

Rumus Present Continuous Tense menunjukkan kontras antara dua klausa:

Kalimat Positif: instruksi yang jelas dari guru dan kesulitan
Subject + is/am/are + Verb-ing siswa. Pilihan ini menegaskan bahwa kedua hal
tersebut terjadi secara bersamaan meskipun
Kalimat Negatif:
saling bertentangan.
Subject + is/am/are + not + Verb-ing
Jawaban: A
Kalimat Tanya:
Is/Am/Are + Subject + Verb-ing? 14. “Ahead of” digunakan untuk menunjukkan
bahwa proyek selesai sebelum tenggat waktu.
Frasa ini menunjukkan keberhasilan meskipun
“Are transforming” menggunakan present
ada tantangan.
continuous tense untuk menunjukkan proses
Jawaban: A
perubahan yang sedang berlangsung. Bentuk
ini mencerminkan relevansi saat ini dari 15. “Was buried” menggunakan bentuk pasif past
kemajuan AI dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. tense untuk menjelaskan kondisi kota kuno
Jawaban: A yang telah tertimbun abu vulkanik. Bentuk pasif

33
 penting untuk menunjukkan bahwa tindakan 21. Yang dimaksud adalah “who has expertise”,
menimbun dilakukan oleh sesuatu di luar subjek karena “expertise” adalah kata benda dan
(abu vulkanik). memerlukan kata kerja “has”. Kalimat yang
Jawaban: A benar adalah “… who has expertise in modern
sculpture.” Setelah “who” yang merujuk pada
16. Subjek “results” dalam kalimat tersebut bersifat orang, kata kerja yang digunakan harus dalam
jamak, sehingga kata kerja yang digunakan bentuk yang sesuai, yaitu “has”.
seharusnya juga dalam bentuk jamak. Kalimat Jawaban: D
yang benar adalah “… the results … were
surprising….” Subjek jamak memerlukan bentuk 22. Setelah ungkapan “not only ... but also”, tidak
kata kerja jamak (were), bukan tunggal (was). perlu menambahkan subjek atau kata kerja
Jawaban: B tambahan. Kalimat yang benar adalah “…but
also participate in class discussions.” Struktur “not
17. Setelah ungkapan “no sooner had...,” seharusnya only ... but also” seharusnya diikuti langsung oleh
digunakan kata sambung “than”, bukan “when”. kata kerja tanpa perlu subjek.
Jadi, kalimat yang benar adalah “No sooner had Jawaban: C
the performance begun than the fire alarm went
off.” Setelah ungkapan “no sooner” digunakan 23. Dalam kalimat kondisional tipe ketiga (situasi
“than” untuk menyatakan dua peristiwa yang yang tidak mungkin terjadi di masa lalu), bentuk
terjadi hampir bersamaan. yang benar adalah “had been” bukan “would

m
Jawaban: C have been”. Kalimat yang benar adalah “If the
proposal had been approved, the company could
18. Dalam serangkaian infinitive, kata “to” hanya
digunakan sekali di awal dan tidak perlu
diulang. Kalimat yang benar adalah “The new
s .co have expanded its operations internationally.”
Dalam kondisional tipe ketiga, klausa kondisi
menggunakan “had” + past participle.
policies aim to reduce carbon emissions, improve Jawaban: A
energy efficiency, and promote renewable
pa

energy”. Ketika ada lebih dari satu tujuan yang 24. “Laying” adalah bentuk kata kerja yang salah,
disebutkan dalam serangkaian infinitive, “to” karena harusnya “lying”, yang merupakan
om

hanya digunakan di awal, tidak diulang. bentuk present participle dari “lie” (berbaring).
Jawaban: C Kalimat yang benar adalah “The books lying on
the table belong to the professor who teaches
19. Kalimat tersebut salah karena subjek yang literature.”“Laying” digunakan untuk objek yang
uk

melakukan tindakan “having completed the diletakkan, sedangkan “lying” digunakan untuk
exam early” seharusnya adalah “the student”, posisi atau keadaan sesuatu yang terbaring.
bukan “the teacher”. Kalimat yang benar adalah Jawaban: B
ed

“Having completed the exam early, the student

was allowed to leave the room quietly.” Kata 25. K alimat tersebut tidak salah dari segi
depan “having completed” menunjukkan bahwa struktur, tetapi penggunaan “could not have
subjek yang melakukannya harus orang yang been predicted” terkesan redundan, karena
menyelesaikan ujian, yaitu siswa. “unforeseen circumstances” sudah mencakup ide
Jawaban: C bahwa hal tersebut tidak dapat diprediksi. Jadi,
lebih baik pilihan D dihilangkan.
20. Dalam kalimat tersebut, kedua kata kerja “cross” Jawaban: D
dan “reached” seharusnya berada dalam bentuk
yang konsisten. Kata yang tepat adalah “reach”, 26.
sehingga kalimat yang benar adalah “… cross
TRIK!!
the river and reach the other side.” Dalam kalimat
yang terhubung dengan “and”, kedua kata kerja “Whom” digunakan untuk merujuk pada
seharusnya dalam bentuk yang konsisten. orang, sedangkan “which” untuk benda.
Jawaban: D
“Which” digunakan untuk benda atau hal,
sementara “whom” digunakan untuk orang.

34
 Karena yang dimaksud adalah saksi, yang 31. Seharusnya digunakan kata sifat, bukan frasa
merupakan orang, maka kata yang benar adalah preposisional. Kalimat yang benar adalah “and
“whom”. Kalimat yang benar adalah “…all of efficiently”. Dalam rangkaian kata sifat atau kata
whom provided differing accounts of the incident.” keterangan, sebaiknya tetap menggunakan
Jawaban: B bentuk keterangan yang konsisten, yaitu
“efficiently”, bukan “with efficiency” karena
27. Dalam konteks tersebut, kata “data” meskipun sebelumnya menggunak an quickly dan
secara teknis jamak, tetapi sering dianggap accurately.
sebagai kata benda kolektif yang diperlakukan Jawaban: D
sebagai tunggal dalam kalimat seperti ini.
Kalimat yang benar adalah “more detailed data 32.
was necessary”. “Data” dalam konteks ini sering
TRIK!!
dianggap sebagai uncountable noun yang
membutuhkan kata kerja tunggal (was). Subjek “every” selalu diikuti oleh kata kerja
Jawaban: C tunggal.

28. Kalimat tersebut membutuhkan bentuk “Every” adalah kata benda tunggal, sehingga
konsisten antara kata kerja dalam klausa kata kerja yang mengikuti harus dalam bentuk
yang menggunakan kata penghubung “and”. tunggal. Kalimat yang benar adalah “Every
Seharusnya digunakan “had even begun” scientist who attends the conference is expected

m
untuk menjaga keseragaman tenses. Kalimat to present their research findings.”
yang benar adalah “… some even had begun Jawaban: B
presenting their ideas.” Ketika menggunakan past
perfect (had arrived), semua kata kerja terkait
harus juga dalam past perfect.
s .co
33.
TRIK!!
Jawaban: C “Despite” diikuti langsung oleh kata benda
pa

29. tanpa menggunakan “of”.

TRIK!! Setelah “despite” tidak diperlukan preposisi

om

“of”. Kalimat yang benar adalah “…. despite the

“Neither” selalu diikuti oleh kata kerja tunggal.
challenges.”
Jawaban: D
“Neither” adalah subjek tunggal, meskipun
uk

merujuk pada lebih dari satu solusi. Oleh 34. Ungkapan “the reason why” mengandung
karena itu, kata kerja yang digunakan harus redundansi. Yang benar adalah “the reason”
ed

dalam bentuk tunggal. Kalimat yang benar saja. Kalimat yang benar adalah “The reason the
adalah “Neither of the solutions proposed by experiment failed was ….”
the engineers appears to be feasible ….” Jawaban: B
Jawaban: C
35. Subjek “policies” adalah jamak, sehingga kata
30. Agar kalimat konsisten, harus ada keselarasan kerja yang mengikuti harus dalam bentuk jamak,
waktu yang ditunjukkan oleh penggunakan yaitu “encourage”. Kalimat yang benar adalah “…
kata kerja (tenses) antara klausa yang satu that encourage environmental sustainability.”
dengan yang lain. Akan lebih baik jika Jawaban: C
menggunakan “how the artifacts were displayed”,
36. Setelah “helps” seharusnya langsung diikuti oleh
untuk menjaga konsistensi waktu dalam kalimat
bentuk dasar kata kerja tanpa “to”. Kalimat yang
tersebut. Kalimat yang benar adalah “… focused
benar adalah “… helps workers communicate
on explaining how the artifacts were displayed
more effectively.”
and why they were important historically”.
Jawaban: C
Jawaban: B

35
37. “Information” adalah kata yang tidak dapat 2. Hasil studi tersebut disebutkan di paragraf
dihitung (uncountable), sehingga tidak pertama, yang menjelaskan bahwa hampir
memerlukan bentuk jamak. Kalimat yang benar 75% remaja yang diteliti mengalami gejala
adalah “… until further information is available.” mental yang cukup serius. Artinya, masalah
“Information” bersifat uncountable dan selalu kesehatan mental ini bukan hanya terjadi sekali-
digunakan dalam bentuk tunggal. sekali, melainkan dalam tingkat yang cukup
Jawaban: C mengganggu kehidupan mereka.
Jawaban: B
38.
TRIK!! 3.

“Seem” diikuti oleh bentuk infinitive (to + verb). TRIK!!

Perhatikan konteks kalimat, cari petunjuk
Setelah “seem” seharusnya digunakan bentuk makna di sekitarnya, lalu bandingkan pilihan
dasar kata kerja, bukan bentuk continuous. jawaban dengan arti yang paling mendekati
Kalimat yang benar adalah “…, his grades do kata dalam soal.
not seem to improve significantly.”
Kata “kronis” dalam konteks tersebut merujuk
Jawaban: D
pada gejala yang berlangsung lama dan terus-
39. Kalimat yang benar adalah “… address its impact menerus, bukan yang muncul sekali lalu hilang.

m
on the local community.” Kata “address” diikuti Di paragraf pertama dijelaskan bahwa banyak
oleh preposisi “on” ketika merujuk pada dampak remaja yang mengalami gejala yang tidak
atau isu tertentu.
Jawaban: D
.co hanya datang sesekali, tetapi berulang kali dan
bertahan lama sepanjang masa remaja mereka.
Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah persistent.
40. Setelah “will” seharusnya diikuti oleh bentuk
s
Jawaban: D
dasar kata kerja (base form), bukan bentuk past
pa

tense. Kalimat yang benar adalah “….will support 4. Dalam paragraf kedua, disebutkan bahwa gejala
her hypothesis”. Kata “will” diikuti oleh bentuk kesehatan mental pada remaja sering kali dipicu
dasar kata kerja (infinitive tanpa “to”). oleh berbagai titik stres, seperti transisi besar
om

Jawaban: C dalam hidup mereka—misalnya, peralihan

dari sekolah dasar ke sekolah menengah atau
saat ujian. Ini adalah waktu-waktu yang penuh
uk

READING COMPREHENSION tekanan bagi remaja yang bisa memengaruhi

kesehatan mental mereka.
Jawaban: C
ed

1.
TRIK!! 5. Paragraf ketiga mengungkapkan bahwa banyak
remaja yang mengalami masalah kesehatan
Identifikasi kata kunci dalam soal, temukan
mental selama pandemi COVID-19 sebenarnya
topik utama yang menjadi inti pembahasan,
sudah menghadapi masalah serupa sebelum
dan kaitkan dengan tujuan atau masalah yang
pandemi. Artinya, pandemi tidak memulai
ingin diselesaikan dalam penelitian tersebut.
masalah, tapi justru memperburuk kondisi yang
sudah ada sebelumnya.
Di paragraf pertama, fokus utama penelitian
Jawaban: A
tersebut memang pada tingginya prevalensi
gejala kesehatan mental di kalangan remaja 6. Dalam paragraf ketiga, Profesor Susan Sawyer
di Australia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mengingatkan bahwa untuk menangani
bahwa hampir 75% remaja mengalami masalah masalah kesehatan mental remaja secara
kesehatan mental yang signifikan, dan sebagian efektif, diperlukan pendekatan yang lebih luas
besar gejala tersebut bersifat kronis, artinya dan tidak hanya bergantung pada perawatan
berlangsung lama dan sering muncul kembali. klinis. Pencegahan di luar setting klinis, seperti
Jawaban: A intervensi preventif, menjadi hal yang sangat

36
 penting untuk mengurangi dampak masalah lebih proaktif, bukan hanya mengandalkan
kesehatan mental ini. pengobatan klinis.
Jawaban: B Jawaban: D

7. Kata “highlighted” dalam paragraf pertama 11. Penelitian tersebut berfokus pada peran jaringan
berar ti “ditek ank an” atau “ditek ank an default mode (DMN) dalam menghasilkan
pentingnya”. Penulis menggunakan kata ini pemikiran kreatif, seperti dijelaskan dalam
untuk menyoroti atau memberi perhatian paragraf pertama. Penelitian tersebut mencoba
khusus pada masalah kesehatan mental di untuk memahami bagaimana DMN, yang
kalangan remaja yang menjadi fokus utama terlibat dalam proses berpikir spontan,
penelitian ini. Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah berkontribusi pada proses kreativitas.
emphasized. Jawaban: A
Jawaban: C
12. Di paragraf pertama dijelaskan bahwa DMN
8. Paragraf kedua menjelaskan bahwa perempuan sangat penting untuk kreativitas. DMN adalah
lebih rentan terhadap masalah kesehatan mental jaringan otak yang aktif saat kita berpikir secara
dibandingkan laki-laki. Data menunjukkan internal (misalnya, merenung atau berkhayal),
bahwa 84% perempuan mengalami depresi yang merupakan bagian dari proses berpikir
atau kecemasan setidaknya sekali selama masa kreatif.
remaja mereka, dengan sebagian besar gejala Jawaban: C

m
tersebut bersifat kronis.
Jawaban: B 13. Shofty menduga bahwa DMN terlibat dalam

9.
TRIK!!
s .co kreativitas karena DMN sering aktif selama
proses berpikir spontan, seperti yang dijelaskan
dalam paragraf kedua. Aktivitas spontan ini
penting dalam berpikir kreatif, yang tidak selalu
Identifikasi kata atau frasa sebelumnya yang
terarah atau terstruktur.
pa

dirujuk oleh these dengan memperhatikan

Jawaban: B
konteks kalimat dan hubungan logis antaride.
14. “Aktivitas waktu nyata” merujuk pada
om

Kata “these” di paragraf kedua merujuk pada pengukuran aktivitas otak yang terjadi saat
gejala yang dialami oleh perempuan, yaitu peserta melakukan tugas yang melibatkan
depresi dan kecemasan. Dalam konteks pemikiran kreatif, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam
uk

tersebut, penulis mengacu pada fakta bahwa paragraf kedua. Aktivitas ini langsung dipantau
gejala tersebut lebih banyak dialami oleh menggunakan elektrode yang ditanamkan
perempuan dan berlangsung lebih lama pada otak.
ed

dibandingkan laki-laki. Jawaban: B

Jawaban: A
10. 15. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketika aktivitas
DMN diturunkan sementara, kreativitas peserta
TRIK!! menurun, tetapi fungsi kognitif lainnya tetap
Baca teks secara menyeluruh, fokus pada normal. Hal ini dapat ditemukan dalam paragraf
kalimat pembuka dan penutup, serta cari ketiga yang menunjukkan pentingnya DMN
kata-kata kunci yang menunjukkan maksud untuk kreativitas.
penulis. Jawaban: D

Tujuan dari penelitian tersebut, seperti yang 16. Kata “dampened” dalam paragraf ketiga
tersirat dalam seluruh teks, adalah untuk berarti “dikurangi”. Penurunan aktivitas DMN
menekankan pentingnya intervensi dan menyebabkan penurunan kreativitas pada
langkah-langkah pencegahan untuk mengatasi peserta, tetapi tidak memengaruhi fungsi
masalah kesehatan mental remaja. Penulis ingin kognitif lainnya. Jadi, sinonim kata yang tepat
menyampaikan bahwa masalah ini memerlukan adalah reduced.
perhatian serius dan penanganan yang Jawaban: C

37
17. Frasa “tersinkronisasi dengan area otak lain” 23. Di paragraf kedua, para peneliti mengusulkan
di paragraf kedua menunjukkan bahwa DMN beberapa langkah penting, termasuk inisiatif
bekerja bersama dengan area otak lainnya penelitian global yang melibatkan ilmuwan dari
yang terlibat dalam pemecahan masalah dan negara maju dan berkembang, membangun
pengambilan keputusan, sehingga proses kemitraan yang lebih kuat antara ilmuwan dan
kreativitas dapat berlangsung dengan lancar. petani, serta membangun kepercayaan publik
Jawaban: A terhadap teknologi baru yang dikembangkan.
Jawaban: B
18. Hasil studi tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk
mengembangkan strategi yang bertujuan 24. Di paragraf ketiga, dijelaskan bahwa sebagian
untuk meningkatkan kreativitas atau membantu besar dana iklim global yang dialokasikan
mengobati kondisi seperti depresi yang (sekitar 35 miliar dolar AS per tahun) justru
berulang, di mana aktivitas DMN terganggu. difokuskan pada pertanian skala besar di negara
Ini disebutkan dalam paragraf keempat.
maju, sementara pertanian kecil dan negara
Jawaban: B
berkembang cenderung kurang mendapat
19. Dalam paragraf kedua dijelaskan bahwa peserta perhatian.
yang terlibat dalam penelitian tersebut adalah Jawaban: B
pasien yang sudah dipantau karena epilepsi dan
25. Andrew Nelson, yang disebutkan di paragraf
memiliki elektroda yang ditanam di otak mereka

m
ketiga, menyoroti pentingnya memahami
untuk memantau aktivitas otak mereka.
tantangan dunia nyata yang dihadapi oleh
Jawaban: C

20. Shofty berharap untuk mengembangkan

intervensi yang dapat membantu meningkatkan
s .co petani sebelum menciptakan solusi. Ini berarti
bahwa solusi yang diusulkan harus berakar pada
kebutuhan praktis yang ada di lapangan.
kreativitas atau mengobati kondisi seperti Jawaban: A
depresi ruminatif dengan menggunakan
pa

26. Kata “emphasize” dalam paragraf kedua memiliki

pemahaman lebih dalam tentang peran DMN,
arti yang paling mirip dengan kata “stress”. Para
seperti yang dijelaskan dalam paragraf keempat.
peneliti “menekankan” pentingnya penelitian
om

Jawaban: B
yang lebih realistis dan penerapan teknologi
21. Fokus utama dari teks tersebut adalah yang lebih praktis untuk membantu mengatasi
pentingnya pengembangan tanaman yang tantangan yang ada.
uk

tahan iklim untuk mencegah kelaparan dan Jawaban: D

ketidakstabilan global yang disebabkan oleh
perubahan iklim. Hal ini dijelaskan dalam 27. Frasa “Global South” di paragraf keempat
ed

paragraf pertama yang menyatakan urgensi merujuk pada wilayah-wilayah yang paling
pengembangan tanaman yang lebih tangguh terpengaruh oleh perubahan iklim, terutama
terhadap kondisi cuaca ekstrem. di negara-negara berkembang. Ini sering
Jawaban: A digunakan untuk menggambarkan negara-
negara yang memiliki sumber daya terbatas
22. Dalam paragraf pertama disebutkan bahwa dan lebih rentan terhadap dampak perubahan
tanaman semakin tidak mampu bertahan iklim.
menghadapi peristiwa cuaca ekstrem Jawaban: B
seperti gelombang panas, kekeringan, dan
banjir, serta seringnya wabah hama dan 28. Frasa “addressing this challenge” di paragraf
penyakit. Ini adalah tantangan utama yang keempat merujuk pada pentingnya kolaborasi
dihadapi oleh tanaman akibat perubahan yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya antara
iklim. ilmuwan, petani, pembuat kebijakan, dan publik
Jawaban: D untuk menciptakan sistem pertanian yang

38
 tangguh terhadap perubahan iklim dan yang (differences). Perbedaan pH dan kondisi lain di
dapat meningkatkan ketahanan pangan global. saluran pencernaan memengaruhi komposisi
Jawaban: C mikrobioma usus peserta.
Jawaban: C
29. Salah satu kebutuhan mendesak yang
disebutkan dalam paragraf keempat adalah 35. Perubahan pH yang tercatat dalam usus memiliki
kolaborasi yang lebih kuat antara ilmuwan, peran penting dalam aktivitas bakteri. Dalam
petani, dan pembuat kebijakan. Ini dianggap paragraf ketiga, dijelaskan bahwa perubahan
penting agar teknologi baru dapat diterapkan pH ini memengaruhi aktivitas bakteri serta
secara efektif dan sesuai dengan kondisi di mendukung fermentasi dan metabolisme yang
lapangan. terjadi di usus besar.
Jawaban: A Jawaban: B

30. Penulis teks tersebut mengungk apk an 36. Kata “crucial” dalam paragraf kedua paling
kekhawatirannya terhadap kemajuan yang mirip dengan “kritis” (critical), yang berarti
terlambat dalam pengembangan tanaman sangat penting atau vital. Peran bakteri di usus
tahan iklim, seperti yang disebutkan dalam besar sangat penting dalam fermentasi dan
paragraf pertama. Penulis menyatakan bahwa metabolisme yang terjadi di sana.
meskipun upaya sudah dilakukan, dana dan Jawaban: D
kemajuan yang ada belum cukup untuk

m
menghadapi tantangan besar yang dihadapi 37. Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa
sektor pertanian akibat perubahan iklim. perbedaan fisiologi usus individu, seperti level
Jawaban: C

31. Fokus utama penelitian tersebut adalah

s .co pH dan waktu transit pencernaan, memengaruhi
bagaimana setiap orang merespons makanan
yang sama, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam
bagaimana perubahan dalam lingkungan paragraf keempat.
usus—seperti pH, suhu, dan tekanan— Jawaban: C
pa

memengaruhi komposisi mikrobioma usus dan

metabolisme. Hal ini dijelaskan dalam paragraf 38. “Gut microbiome” mengacu pada komunitas
bakteri dan mikroorganisme lainnya yang
om

pertama yang menggambarkan penelitian yang

dilakukan untuk menyelidiki faktor-faktor ini. hidup di dalam sistem pencernaan manusia. Ini
Jawaban: B dijelaskan dalam seluruh teks, terutama pada
bagian yang menyebutkan pentingnya bakteri
uk

32. Pendekatan baru yang digunakan dalam dalam fermentasi dan metabolisme.
penelitian tersebut adalah menelan kapsul yang Jawaban: B
merekam data lingkungan usus saat melewati
ed

saluran pencernaan. Hal ini dijelaskan dalam 39. Penemuan dari penelitian tersebut dapat
paragraf pertama yang menyatakan bahwa memengaruhi pengembangan pedoman nutrisi
kapsul ini memberikan wawasan lebih dalam yang lebih personal di masa depan, karena
selain hanya analisis sampel tinja. dapat mempertimbangkan kondisi unik dari
Jawaban: A lingkungan usus setiap individu, seperti yang
disebutkan dalam paragraf keempat.
33. Salah satu temuan utama yang dijelaskan dalam Jawaban: A
paragraf kedua adalah bahwa waktu yang
dibutuhkan kapsul untuk melewati usus kecil 40. Penelitian tersebut didukung oleh Yayasan
sangat bervariasi antara individu, yaitu antara Novo Nordisk, seperti yang tercantum di akhir
2 hingga 10 jam. paragraf keempat.
Jawaban: B Jawaban: B

34. Dalam konteks kondisi lingkungan usus 41. Fokus utama penelitian tersebut adalah untuk
yang dijelaskan dalam paragraf ketiga, kata mengidentifikasi hubungan antara gangguan
“variation” paling tepat berarti perbedaan pernapasan saat tidur (seperti apnea tidur
obstruktif ) dan perubahan pada struktur otak,

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 terutama pada hipokampus yang berperan 47. Penemuan dari penelitian tersebut menyoroti
penting dalam memori dan fungsi kognitif, perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut untuk
sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam paragraf memahami bagaimana kesehatan tidur
pertama. memengaruhi penuaan otak dan fungsi kognitif,
Jawaban: A terutama pada orang yang berisiko lebih tinggi
terkena demensia, sebagaimana dijelaskan
42. Dalam paragraf pertama, dijelaskan bahwa dalam paragraf keempat.
gangguan pernapasan saat tidur, terutama Jawaban: D
yang menyebabkan penurunan kadar oksigen,
terkait dengan perubahan pada volume otak, 48. Dalam konteks tersebut, “complex” berarti
termasuk peningkatan ukuran hipokampus hubungan yang rumit dan melibatkan berbagai
dan perubahan pada materi putih, yang sering faktor yang saling berinteraksi, khususnya
dikaitkan dengan penurunan kognitif dan dalam hubungannya dengan gangguan
kerusakan otak yang terkait dengan usia. tidur dan perubahan pada otak, seperti yang
Jawaban: B dijelaskan dalam paragraf kedua.
Jawaban: B
43. Penelitian tersebut menyatakan bahwa
hubungan antara gangguan pernapasan saat 49. Fokus penelitian pada populasi Latino sangat
tidur dan perubahan otak lebih kompleks signifikan karena Latinos memiliki risiko lebih
dari yang diperkirakan, di mana hipokampus tinggi terkena demensia dibandingkan dengan

m
tumbuh sebagai respons terhadap tidur yang orang kulit putih non-Latino, seperti yang
terganggu dan rendahnya kadar oksigen, disebutkan dalam paragraf kedua.
seperti dijelaskan dalam paragraf kedua.
Jawaban: D
s .co Jawaban: C

50. Penelitian tersebut didukung oleh Yayasan

44. Dalam paragraf ketiga, dijelaskan bahwa Nasional untuk Penuaan, sebagaimana
p e ne l i ti a n te rs e b u t m e l i batk a n 2.667 tercantum dalam kalimat terakhir paragraf
pa

peserta dengan rata-rata usia 68 tahun, yang keempat.

menyelesaikan tes tidur di rumah untuk Jawaban: A
om

mengukur gangguan pernapasan mereka.

Jawaban: B

45. “White matter hyperintensities” merujuk pada

uk

area di otak yang mengalami kerusakan

jaringan, yang sering kali dikaitkan dengan
penurunan kognitif, seperti yang dijelaskan
ed

dalam paragraf ketiga.

Jawaban: A

46. Kata “disruptions” dalam konteks paragraf

ketiga berarti gangguan atau gangguan pada
pernapasan selama tidur, yang berhubungan
dengan perubahan ukuran hipokampus dan
peningkatan jumlah materi putih. Jadi, jawaban
yang tepat adalah interruptions.
Jawaban: B

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