GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC

JALGAON

• Topic- Case study on 132/33kV transmission

substation Erandol

Presented By:
Pradnya Bari
Jayashri Ishi

Divya Katole
Mentor: Dr.S.M.Pawar sir
Vedika Koli
INTRODUCTION
AN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM IS A COMPLEX NETWORK THAT
GENERATES,TRANSMITS AND DISTRIBUTES TO THE CONSUMER. IT’S
AN INTERCONNECTED SYSTEMOF COMPONENTS DESIGNED TO
DELIVER IT RELIABLY AND ECCONOMICALLY.

• Generation:This involves generating electrical energy from natural energy or man-made

sources. fossil fuels,Nuclear energy,Hydro,Solar etc.This is done in power plants,where
mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
• Transmission: Electricity must be transported from power plants to cities and industry.
This is done using high voltage transmission line.
• Distribution: Power distribution is the final stage of the power system,where electricity is
delivered to the homes, offices, factory and other consumer at safe voltage level.
POWER TRANSMISSION:
• What is power transmission?
Electricity must be transported from generation plant to the consumers.That’s we need transmission.so,this
is done using high voltage transmission lines.
• Why to use hight voltage for transmission?
High voltage reduces energy losses and allows electricity to travel to long distance efficiently.
• Transmission voltage levels:
1. 66kV to 220kV: Regional transmission
2. 275kV to 765kV: Long distance transmission
3. Above 800kV: Used in large interconnected grids.
INTRODUCTION TO SUBSTATION

A substantion is a facility within an electrical power system that transforms,control and

distributes electricity. It acts as a crucial link between power generation, transmission and
distribution enabling the smooth flow of power residential area, industrial areas and
commercial buildings. Basically it’s essential for step-up and step-down voltage to match the
requirements of different parts of the electrical grid.
This case study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the 132/33kV Transmisson
substation covering its operation, challenges and solutions for improving performance.
KEY COMPONENTS OF TRANSMISSION LINES:

• Function: It transfers high voltage electricity to reduce energy losses over long distance.
Power generation offers at a specific location but the consumer may be far from the
source
• Voltage levels:Transmission lines typically operates at high voltage range from 11kV to
765kV to minimize power loss during the transportation.The voltage is then stopped
down at substation before it reach residential and commercial area
COMPONENTS

• Conductor : the wires through which electricity flows, they can be made of materials like
aluminium or copper
• Insulators : these prevent the conductor from making contact with other material , ensuring
safe options
• Towers : these physical structure that holds the conductor in place and elevate them to
maintain safe clearance from the ground or other obstacles

• Power transformer: A 132/33kV power transformer is a type of electrical transformer used to

step-up or step-down the voltage between the two levels 132kV and 33kV in power system.
WHAT IS POWER TRANSFORMER?

A power transformers is a static electrical devices that

transformers Ac electrical power from one voltage level to
another , without changing the frequency. It operates on
the principle of electromagnetic induction, using a
magnetic core and two or more winding to transfer energy
between circuits . Power transformers are essential for
transmitting electricity efficiency over long distance and
distributing it to various load
• Voltage levels : 132kv and 33kv
• Function : the primary function of the 132/33kv
power transformers is to reduce the voltage from
132kv to 33kv

• Design : the 132/33kv power transformeris

designed with two winding , and it uses
electromagneticinduction to convert the high
voltage AC power into low- voltage AC power
• Appliction : step – up function , substation ,
industrial
• Capactiy : the capacity of transformer ismeasured
in MVA , typically MVA depends on the Size of load
its inteded to supply.
 CIRCUIT BREAKER
A circuit breaker in a power transmission system is a electrical
device used to protect and control the power network by
interrupting faulty current . It acts as an automatic switch that
open the circuit when an abnormal condition, such as a short
circuit, overload, or fault , occurs. Once the the issue is resolved it
can be manually or automatically reset to restore power flow

• Function of circuit breaker :

• Fault isolation
• Overcurrent protection
• System Stablity
• Automatic Operation
LIGHTNING ARRESTER
In 132kv and 33kv lighting arrester is a protective device used in electrical
power system to safeguard equipment such as transformer, switchgear, and
transmission lines from over voltage surges caused by lighting strikes or
switching operation
• Function of a lightning arrester:
• It diverts high voltage surges safety to ground
• It limits the voltage that appears across the protected equipment
• It prevents insulation failure in high voltage system

1. 132kv lighting arrester

Used in hight voltage transmission system.
Installed at substation, transmission towers , or near transformer
Designed to handle higher surge currents and voltage level
2. 33kv lighting arrester
Used in medium voltage distribution system
Typically installed in substation and at incoming transformer connection
Protects equipment in industrial and utility distribution network
132/33KV AND 33KV ISOLATOR

Fuction:An isolator, also called a disconnector, is an

electrical switch used in power systems to isolate a section
of the circuit for maintenance or inspection. It is a non-load
breaking device, meaning it is operated only when the
circuit is de-energized. Its primary function is to ensure the
safety of personnel and equipment by physically
disconnecting parts of the power source.
 132KV WAVE TRAPS

• A wave trap is also called a line trap is a crucial components in

high – voltage power transmission system it is used in power line
carrier communication (plcc) to block high frequency
communication single (30khz to 500 kHz) from entering the
substation equipment while allowing power frequency (50/60hz )
current to pass through it
• Function of Wave Traps
• Block carrier signal
• Allows power flow
• Ensures communication Realibility
220KV DC BATTERY CHARGER IN SUBSTATION

• What is 220kv DC battery charger ?

A 220kv DC battery charger in a 132kv substation in an essential system that provides
uninterrupted power supply , circuit breaker , and communication system . It ensures
continuous during power failure by changing and maintaining the substation DC Battery
Bank
Components in 220 kv DC battery charger
• Rectifier unit
• Voltage regulators
• Battery bank
• Charger controller
• DC Distribution box
• Alaram and Indicator
Control and relay pannel
A control and relay pannel (crp) is a
crucial component of a 132kv substation
used for monitoring , controlling and
protection high – voltage electrical circuits.
It houses the protection relay , control
circuit , mastering instrument , and
communication system necessary for
safety and efficient substation operation
SCADA SYSTEM

What is SCADA System?

A SCADA system in a 132kv substation is a
real – time monitoring and control system
used to manage electrical power flow ,
ensuring Realibility and improve, effectively it
allows operatos remotely and control circuit
breaker, transformer and other substation
equipment.
WHY SCADA IS IMPORTANT? IN 132/33KV
SUBSTATION
• Remote monitoring and control : operators can manage the substation
from a central control room
• Fault detection and isolation : identify faults and trips breaker
automatically to prevent Damage
• Data Logging and Analysis : stores historical data for performance
analysis and maintenance planning
• Improved Grid Stability : helps balance load and prevent power outages
• Alarms and notification : alert operators about abnormal condition such
as overvoltage, overloads , and faults.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Causes of fire in a substation :

• Transformer oil fire
• Short Circuit
• Overheating Equipment
• Battery Room Fires
• Lighting stikes
Fire protection measures :
• A well – designes fire protection system
consists of detection, suppression, and
contamination measures
FIRE CLASS TYPES

A fire Detection system

• Smoke Detector – installed in control rooms , battery Room and cables trenches
• Heat Detectors – used near transformer, switchgear, and battery banks
• Flame Detector – used for oil – filled equipment like transformer
B fire suppression system
• Automatic fire suppression
• Water based syt
• Foam and dry chemicals fire extinguisher
C fire Contamination and prevention
• Firewalls & Barriers – installed between transformer to
prevent fire spread

• Oil Pit & Drainage System – Collects leaking

transformer oil to prevent fire spread
• Ventilation system – Ensures Proper air circulation in
battery Room to avoid hydrogen accumulation
OVERALL SUBSTATION
CONCLUSION

A well designed and maintained 132/33kV transmission substation ensures the efficient
transmission of electrical energy, reduce power losses and maintains the system stability.
With growing energy demand, continuous advancements in substation is required that will
be crucial for feature power network.The stability and efficiency is to be increased by
implementing SCADA system PLCC.