Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d’Oran – Maurice Audin

Département de Génie des Systèmes Informatiques

Lectures 1-2:

Cloud Computing and Virtualization

Dr Freha MEZZOUDJ

First Edition- A.U: 2023-2024

 Session 1

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 Description du Module
Cloud Computing et Virtualisation:
Ce cours présente les notions essentielles du Cloud Computing et
Virtualisation aussi bien techniques, réglementaires qu’économiques.

• Prérequis: Notions sur l’informatique parallèle

& distribuée et les réseaux.

• Caractéristiques:
Unité: méthodologie

Coefficient : 3
Crédit : 5

Travail en présentiel: 1.5 h cours + 1.5 h TP

Travail Personnel : 1.5 h /semaine

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 Objective
Ce cours permettra à l’étudiant d’assimiler: les notions essentielles du
Cloud Computing aussi bien techniques, réglementaires
qu’économiques.

Appréhender les opportunités, services et risques opérationnels.

Proposer une définition précise des différents composants d’un
environnement Cloud et d’un environnement virtualisé, leurs
périmètres fonctionnels ainsi que leurs rôles au sein d’une chaine de
valeur métier.

Comprendre l’intérêt de la virtualisation et sa contribution à l’essor du

Cloud et l’influence des technologies sur le Cloud Computing.

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 Overview

• Introduction
• Pre-History of cloud-computing
• Toward the Cloud-computing
• Future –Cloud Computing
• Conclusion

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 Cloud Computing

• Cloud is a parallel and distributed

computing system consisting of a
collection of inter-connected and
virtualized computers,

• that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or

more unified computing resources,
• based on service-level agreements negotiation between the
service provider and consumers.

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 Historical …
Cloud Computing

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 Toward the Cloud Computing

• Data Center (1940-); Mainframe (1950-1970- until now),

• Client-server (1980);
• Distributed computing: Clusters (1980), Grids (1990);
• Hardware virtualization (2000);
• Internet (1990):
web 2.0 and SOA (2004);
• …..
• Cloud Computing!

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 Toward the Cloud Computing

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 Toward Cloud Computing

• ;

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 Distributed Systems vs. Centralized

. • Centralized: If someone has access to the server with the

information, any data can be added, modified and deleted.

• Distributed: All data is distributed between the nodes of the

network. If something is added, edited or deleted in any computer,
it will be reflected in all the computers in the network.

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 Distributed Systems vs. Parallel
• Both parallel and distributed computing systems are “scalable”.
. • This is usually more easily achieved in distributed systems, where new
computers or other devices can be easily added to the network.
• Scaling a parallel system can be more difficult
• The code also should be parallel (side software)

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 Distributed Systems
• Distributed computing is where
multiple independent systems are
connected so that they seem to be a
single entry to the users.

• It has the quality of scalability,

concurrency, continuous availability,
and so on.

• However, all the computers should be

at the same Geographical location.

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 Mainframe

• ;

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 Mainframe
• The mainframe is a large (centralized) one
single supercomputer that has high
processing power and storage facility.

• It gave larger Geographical coverage and

computing power still we were hindered by
the Geographical location.
• It is technology that is still in use.

• 90+ % of the world’s top 200 Banks still use

mainframes
• Many similar mission-critical applications
(think of those used by major airlines/credit
card companies) also rely upon “Big Iron”
Mainframes

https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/definition/mainframe
https://www.comparethecloud.net/articles/data-centers-mainframes-and-the-rest/

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 Cluster

• ;

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 Cluster
• Each computer is connected
through a network of “high
bandwidth”.
• The cluster became the best
alternative for the mainframe with
less cost.
• Though the problem of the cost
was solved, the geographical
restrictions still prevailed as the
internet was in the starting stage.

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 Grid

• ;

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 Grid
• In the 1990s, the Grid Computing
technologies start to be used.
• Different systems are located in
different locations of the world and
connected through the internet.
Each system was owned by different
organizations.

• It solved the main problem of

Distance but new problems
emerged. However, when the
distance between the nodes
increased, “high bandwidth” is
needed but that was not easy to
provide.

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 Grid computing

• ;

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 Virtualization

• ;

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 Virtualization

• It refers to the techniques of

distinguishing hardware into different
visual layers: this allows the users to
run multiple instances simultaneously
in the hardware.

• This was introduced many years back, which is now the major idea
used by major cloud computing providers like Amazon, Google, etc.
• After the integration of Grid Computing with Virtualization
techniques, we needed only better hardware resources and the
internet.

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 Web 2.0

• ;

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 Web 2.0
• It plays an important role in Cloud
Computing.

• Popular innovations in Web 2.0 like

Google Maps, Twitter(X), Facebook, and
other social media needed high storage.

• And this leads to the development of

cloud storage techniques. And it created
a new study called “client-server”
management.

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 Web

• https://edutechwiki.unige.ch/fr/Web_2.0

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 Web

• https://edutechwiki.unige.ch/fr/Web_2.0

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 Service Oriented Architecture

• ;

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 Service Oriented Architecture
• The introduction As many
people started using personal
computers and smartphones
the scale of technologies and
user scale rapidly increased in
the 2000s.

• And this created a new

business opportunity called
Service Oriented Architecture
(SOA) or “Software as a
Service” (SaaS) !

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 Session 2

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 Quiz
• What is Mainframe?
• What is a datacenter?
• What is the difference between parallel & distributed systems
• What is the principal of Scalability?
• What is a cluster?
• What is a grid?

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 Cloud Computing

• ;

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 Cloud Computing

• Then many SaaS companies

started to provide cloud
storage, infrastructure, and
management service.
• It is termed “Cloud Computing”.

• And then, Cloud computing was

brought into action.

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 Cloud Computing
re_

• Cloud is a parallel and distributed

computing system consisting of a
collection of inter-connected and
virtualized computers,

• that are dynamically provisioned

and presented as one or more
unified computing resources,

• based on service-level agreements

negotiation between the service
provider and consumers.

Dr Mezzoudj F. Cloud Computing and Virtualisation 33

 Comparison

• .

Aggregation ‫\ التجميع‬ segregation ،‫الفصل‬ \ consolidation ‫ التوحيد‬،

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 Comparison

• . Namer Ali Al Etawi

Namer Ali Al Etawi, 2018

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Cloud Computing VS -------

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 Cloud Computing & Cloud Storage
• Cloud storage is for data, while cloud computing is for
processes.
• Essentially, cloud storage simply holds your data, while cloud
computing allows you to do things with that data. The terms
are also different in application.
• Cloud storage≈≈ Google Drive,
DropBox, or iCloud, etc.

• Cloud computing gives you the

ability to remotely work on and
transform data (for example, coding
an application remotely).

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 Cloud Computing & Cloud Storage
There are 2 main components:
• The IP device and cloud drive get synchronized as and when
data is dragged and dropped in the folders of the cloud drive
available remotely.
• The cloud data storage services are free to store data upto few
GBs. After free data limit, it will be charged on monthly basis.

The popular cloud storage options are

outlined below:

•Dropbox (Provides 2GB free cloud storage)

•Google Drive (Provides 5GB free cloud storage)
•Microsoft Skydrive (Provides 7GB free storage)
•Box (Provides 5GB free)
rfwireless-world.com/Tutorials/what-is-cloud-storage.html

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 Cloud Computing vs. Big data
Big Data refers to the vast amounts of data generated by businesses
daily, far too extensive for traditional data management methods.
Cloud Computing, on the other hand, is the capability to store, access,
including software, over the internet.

Types & Trends

• Cloud computing (Public/private/hybrid/community clouds)
• Big data (Hadoop/MapReduce/HDFS)
Vendors/providors
• Cloud computing (Google/AWS/Micosoft/IBM)
• Big data (Cloudera/Hortonworks/Apache/MapR)

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 Cloud Computing vs. Fog Computing
• Fog Computing is a decentralized computing infrastructure or
process in which computing resources are located between the
data source and the cloud or any other data center.
• It is a paradigm that provides services to user requests at the edge
networks. The devices at the fog layer (fog nodes) usually perform
operations related to computing | networking such as routers,
gateways, bridges, hubs, switches, embedded servers, controllers,
cameras, etc.
• Fog nodes are connected using different topologies. The fog nodes
are installed at various locations as per different applications such
as on floor of a factory, on top of power pole, along side of railway
track, in vehicles, on oil rig and so on.

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 Cloud Computing vs. Fog Computing
• Fog aggregate nodes: Each fog nodes have their aggregate fog
node. It analyzes data in seconds to minutes. IoT data storage at
these nodes can be of duration in hours or days. Its geographical
coverage is wider. Fog data services are implemented to implement
such aggregate node points. They are used to address average
sensitive data.
• Remote Cloud: All the aggregate fog nodes are connected with the
cloud (private server/cloud). Time insensitive data or less sensitive
data are processed, analyzed and stored at the cloud.

• Examples of using fog computing are self-driving cars, smart

traffics, AR/VR gaming and factory robots.

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 Cloud Computing vs. Fog Computing

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 Cloud Computing vs. Edge Computing
• Edge computing is a distributed computing paradigm which brings
computation closer to the network edge, as opposed to the
conventional cloud computing structure.
• The idea is to extend the cloud computing to a more geo-
distributed manner in which the computational and storage
resources can be distributed across locations that are much closer
to the end- user applications where it is needed.

• The objective of edge computing is that computing should happen

at the proximity of data sources. It has played a major role in
overcoming the complexities in traditional cloud computing: to
overcome the limitations such as bandwidth, latency and high cost.

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Cloud Computing vs. Edge Computing

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 Cloud vs Fog vs. Edge Computing

https://blog.mi.hdm-stuttgart.de/index.php/2023/02/27/fog-computing-solving-the-limitations-of-cloud-and-edge-computing/

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 Types of Computings
• Cognitive Computing
• Grid Computing
• Wearable Computing
• Fog Computing
• Dew computing
• Mist Computing
• Ambient Computing
• Ubiquitous Computing
• Pervasive Computing
• Edge Computing
• Roof Computing
• Cloud Computing
• Etc.

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Virtualisation
 Types of Computing
• Cognitive Computing
• Grid Computing
• Wearable Computing
• Fog Computing
• Dew computing
• Mist Computing
• Ambient Computing
• Ubiquitous Computing
• Pervasive Computing
• Edge Computing
• Roof Computing
• Cloud Computing
• Etc.

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Virtualisation
 Types of Computing

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 Conclusion
• The cloud computing is preceded by many other technologies
such as cluster, grid, virtualization, etc.

• Organisations use cutting-edge technologies like distributed

computing, parallel processing, cloud computing, and
specialised big data platforms and NoSQL databases to handle
and analyse large data.

• Data-driven decision-making, business intelligence, and

predictive analytics are made possible across a variety of
businesses and disciplines because of these technologies’
assistance in extracting useful patterns, and trends from
massive data.
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 Conclusion
• The cloud computing allows users to take benefit from all of
these technologies, without the need for deep knowledge
about or expertise with each one of them.

• Due to this use of cloud, many companies were saved from

losses and also made great progress (during 2019 crise).

• The future of cloud computing is very intense because, day by

day, companies are adopting this technology at a very high
level, to driver of business innovation.

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 Quiz
• What is principal of the virtualization?
• What is a the difference between Web1 & Web2?
• What is a the difference between Web2 & Web3?
• What is the pricipal of SOA?
• What is the difference between parallel/distributed systems
• What is the diffrence between cloud computing & cloud storage?
• What is the diffrence between cloud computing & big data?
• Cite some famous providers of cloud computing!
• Cite some famous consumer of cloud computing!
• What are diffrences beteween CC and storage|fog|edge computings?
• Cite other types of Computing! And explain the relation between them.

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Thank you

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