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FINAL (EDITED)
ABSTRACT

The Study looked into the level of implementation of the City's Fisheries and

Aquatic Resource Management Program at the City Government of Vigan

concerning protection and conservation, enforcement of rights and privileges,

fisherfolk participation, and rewards and benefits. Besides, the awareness level

and relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents and their

level of awareness and extent of involvement in the implementation of the

Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Program in Vigan were also

examined.

The Study had 174 respondents. The researchers used a descriptive-

correlational method, with a checklist questionnaire as a primary data-

gathering instrument. The researchers developed this questionnaire and had it

validated by field experts. Frequency, percentage, means, and simple linear

correlation analysis of collected data were also presented.

It also found a"high" awareness of fisheries and aquatic resource management

in the city government of Vigan. However, the level of implementation of the

policy was 'moderate'. Moreover, the Study revealed a positive relationship

between the respondents' highest educational attainment level and their

fisheries and aquatic resource management awareness. Also, there was a

significant relationship between the overall understanding and implementation

of the said policy.

The results reveal that, majority of the Respondents are middle-aged, male,

Roman Catholic, high school graduate, attended 3-4 times of seminars/training

related to fishing, living 30-39 years in fishing, used bamboo raft/rakit as

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fishing vessel and most of them used fishing cage; there is a high level of

awareness of the respondents on fisheries and aquatic resource management;

andmoderate-level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource

management. Further, the profile of the respondents, along with the highest

educational attainment and the type of fishery gear used, is significantly

related to the level of awareness and implementation.

Thus, the following are recommended: 1) the City Government of Vigan may

equip the residents, especially the fisher folks, with knowledge by providing

more seminars or training about fishing. 2) The City Government of Vigan may

sustain the special fishing privileges for marginal fisher folks, as this ensures

their exclusive access and supports their livelihoods. 3) The City Government of

Vigan may continue strictly enforcing the prohibition on using rama and

bannasi to help protect local ecosystems and ensure a sustainable fishing

practice. 4) The City Government of Vigan may grant special fishing privileges

within the premises of marginal fishermen to establish and maintain an

artificial reef to support their livelihood. 5) The City Government of Vigan may

extend the fishery grant issued by the Sangguniang Panglungsod to five years.

6) The City Government of Vigan may consider developing and implementing

awareness campaigns to educate fishermen on sustainable fishing practices,

conservation of marine resources, and the benefits of artificial reef

maintenance.

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Effective resource management is essential in maintaining ecological balance

and ensuring sustainable development. Local administrations greatly aid

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community growth. They deliver goods and services while determining the local

populace's demands and how to meet them. They also serve as a conduit for

resolving regional issues and conflicts between the populace and the federal

government.

The excessive use of fish and water resources happens in many parts of the

world. For countries near the ocean, a quick drop in fish population occurs in

their national waters, causing an annual reduction in fish production. If the

problem is not dealt with or tackled, it could cause severe environmental

damage and, in the worst case, reduce food availability. More initiatives are

being introduced worldwide to protect, conserve, and manage our sea and

inland resources. Some examples of how this shows up are enforcing various

fishery regulations and introducing many projects and activities to save

endangered species in the fisheries sector.

At the global scale, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 is

about life below water, which is discussed to protect marine ecosystems,

reduce pollution, and promote the sustainable use of ocean resources.

Furthermore, its target includes reducing marine pollution, protecting the

aquatic ecosystem, reducing ocean acidification, sustainability and regulation

of fisheries, conserving coastal and marine areas, eliminating harmful fisheries,

and increasing benefits for small island states like the Philippines.

As one of the world's largest archipelagos, consisting of 7,107 islands with an

estimated 36,000km of coastline, with a total territorial water area of 2.2

Millions of square kilometers, of which 266,000 sq. kilometers is coastal water

and 1.9 million sq. kilometers is oceanic, according to (World Fishing and

Aquaculture). The Philippines is one of the largest producers of fishery products

in the world, ranking eighth in the 2007 world total fishery production (Ver

Stralen et. al., 2004)

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The Philippines has established a legal and policy framework to show its

commitment to aquatic and resource management. The Philippine Fisheries

Code of 1998 (Republic Act No. 8550) and its amended version, the Fisheries

Code of 2015 (Republic Act No. 10654), aim to promote the sustainable

development, management, and conservation of fisheries and aquatic

resources. These laws emphasize the importance of resource conservation,

habitat protection, and the equitable use of marine resources to ensure the

livelihoods of fishing communities.

In 2009, the Environment Code of the City of Vigan was passed 2009. It shows

that the city is committed to protecting the environment and managing its

water supplies sustainably. This comprehensive ordinance regulates many

things about fishing and fishermen, such as how to apply for exclusive fishing

rights, special fishing rights for marginal fisheries, registering fishermen and

their fishing gear, registering fishing boats, regulating particular fish species

like "ipon" and "aramang," stopping illegal fishing, and protecting sea turtles

(pawikan).

This Study finds out how well the Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

works and where changes might be possible. Furthermore, it aims to give data-

driven insights and suggestions on how to make the law work better and help it

reach its goals. In particular, it looked into the fisherfolk's awareness of the

existing Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management in Vigan City. Likewise, it

delved into implementing the said policies in the coastal barangays of Vigan.

Using quantitative analysis, the Study hopes to get an objective view of the

current label data and statistical proof to show decision-makers and other

parties what is good and bad about how the Environment Code is implemented.

In the end, this Study aims to provide helpful information that can help

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policymakers make decisions based on facts and help Vigan City's water

resources last for a long time.

Findings of this Study may provide insights and data that may guide the City of

Vigan in crafting evidence-based policies and regulations; Thelocal fisher

folksTooffer a valuable information on sustainable fishing practices and

resource management strategies; the residents of the two coastal barangays,

through the promotion of a healthier and more balanced ecosystem, which can

enhance the overall quality of life of the people. Finally, it will benefit the BPA

Program of the College of Public Administration to make activities and projects

based on research findings that may promote and advance marginalized

communities through extension programs and further research-related

activities.

Preliminary statement

1. What is the profile of the Respondents in terms of the following:

a. age,

b. sex,

c. religious affiliation,

d. highest educational attainment,

e. Number of seminars/training attended related to fishing,

f. Number of years in fishing,

g. type of fishing vessel used, and

H. Type of fishing gear used?

2. What is the level of awareness of the respondent on the fisheries and aquatic

resource management in the City Government of Vigan?

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a. protection and conservation;

b. enforcement of rights and privileges;

c. Fisherfolk enforcement of regulations;

d. Rewards and benefits?

3. What is the level of fisheries and aquatic resource management

implementation in the City Government of Vigan?

a. protection and conservation;

b. enforcement of rights and privileges;

c. Fisher folk enforcement of regulations; and

d. Rewards and benefits?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the respondents' profiles and

their awareness of fisheries and aquatic resource management in the City

Government of Vigan?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and

the level of implementation of the fisheries and aquatic resource management

in the City Government of Vigan?

6. Is there a significant relationship between the level of awareness and

implementation of fisheries and aquatic resource management in the city

government of Vigan?

Scope and Delimitation

This research study focused on implementing fisheries and Aquatic Resource

Management in the City Government of Vigan. Specifically, it determined the

respondents' profiles, their awareness of fisheries and aquatic resource

management, and their perceived level of implementation.

The descriptive-correlational research method was used in the Study, and a

questionnaire checklist on the data gathering instrument devised by the

researchers was used based on the Fisheries and Aquatic Resource

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Management Code of Vigan City. A pool of professionals in the field validated it.

The respondents were the barangay officials, the fisherfolk registered in the

Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Council from the two selected

barangays in Vigan: Mindoro and San Pedro. The sample size was determined

using Cochran's Formula, and the fisherfolk were selected using random

sampling.

Data were treated and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and simple

linear correlation analysis.

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the related literature and studies thoroughly reviewed by

the researchers to strengthen the claim and importance of the current Study.

Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Code

The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 prioritizes ensuring enough food for the

population by properly managing, using, developing, conserving, and

safeguarding the nation's fishery resources. Food security will be achieved

using a flexible model, responding to changes in fish-related populations, fish

trade, and rules of supply and demand. This also means that access to

Philippine fishery resources is open only to Filipino people, and sensible and

sustainable utilisation, administration, and conservation of these resources are

required for all Philippine and EEZ waters and the bordering seas around them,

while keeping ecological balance and protecting and enhancing the

environment are prime targets.

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Also, fisher folk rights, most importantly of locals, are protected by the

Philippine Fisheries Code, which also reserves preferential use of local waters

for municipal fisher folk. The grant of this preferential access should not

exceed MSY or TAC, be guided by resource availability and ecological factors,

and obey the principles of the nation's international obligations. Besides its

other goals, the Code helps fisheries by aiding municipal fisherfolk—including

women and youth—with available technology, adequate research, sufficient

funds, required production tools, construction of postharvest centres, help to

sell their catch, and other needed services. The Code also ensures that

municipal fisherfolk are protected from foreign influence, which is true for

coastal and offshore fishing areas. In addition, fish workers should receive a

fair portion of the income from using marine and fishery resources. The Code

manages fish and aquatic resources according to integrated coastal area

management principles, within special fishery areas, with the state's research,

technical support, and guidance. Companies in the private sector are allowed to

use fishery resources, but only if the grantee, licensee, or permit holder takes

responsibility for helping the government manage, conserve, and protect the

nation's fishery and aquatic resources.

To advocate the principles of ecological sustainable development and

environmental protection, ensure that natural and physical resources are kept

able to fulfil the anticipated needs of future generations, improve and revive

environmental quality consonant with ecological sustainability and equitably

deliberate between the collision of short- and long-term economic,

environmental, social and fair factors in finalizing decisions involving the

location, protection, restoration and improvement of resources, the City

Government of Vigan develops a management framework for protecting the

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biodiversity, fisheries and aquatic resources of Vigan. The framework also

protects Vigan's natural heritage, the sum of all plant and animal life, native or

nonnative (as enumerated in the natural heritage template of the City of Vigan's

cultural mapping project).

The country is a strong example of how fisheries management has developed.

The national government has tried to create and manage coastal resources

between the late 1950s and the 1970s (White et al., 2006). However, it was not

always that way: by the 1980s, fishery management was changing from national

to community-based approaches. Around this period, local and internationally

funded initiatives were implemented, including community-based coastline

management under the Central Visayas Regional Project and Marine

Conservation and Development Project in several island marine reserves

(White, Wilkinson and Polunin, 2006).

In the 1990s, progress continued as local governments were given the power to

manage coastal resources. These were important legal and policy frameworks,

i.e., the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 and the Philippine

Fisheries Code of 1998. Based on these laws and their purpose, they address

significant sustainability challenges: securing livelihoods, ensuring fair fishing

access and rights, and promoting conservation, protection, and proper

management of the country's fisheries sector (Israel & Roque, 1999). The

evolution of these laws was also due to many issues: severe fish stock decline,

damage to inland and marine waters, poverty among municipal fishers, low

output in aquaculture, high postharvest losses, and underutilization of the

Philippine EEZ (Kudela, 2006; Israel & Roque, 1999). The Philippine EEZ was

later regulated in response to problems such as foreign poaching, illegal

fishing, and resource depletion in other areas using area-based seasonal

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closure of catches of a fish or area management to promote resource

sustainability and the rationalization of fishing rights (Ramiscal et al., 2013).

Philippine fishery codes provide the authority of the local government to direct

coastal resources. Municipal waters, which end at splits with local waters up to

15 kilometers from the coastline and are primarily devoted to municipal or

small-scale fishers with boats shorter than three gross tonnes, were delegated

to the control of local governments. Meanwhile, commercial catchers operating

vessels over three gross tonnes are legally obligated to fish more than 15

kilometers outside the limit. The commercial fishing areas where fishers are

only allowed to operate are under the authority of the necessary national

bodies, including the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and

the Philippine Coast Guard. Moreover, Philippine distant-water fishing vessels

2
operating in the sea of other countries must also abide by the rules and

regulations drawn up by regional fishery management organizations or the

states facing those foreign fishing areas (BFAR, 2014).

Level of Implementation on Protection and Conservation

Fishing activities can have significant ecological impacts, including the

depletion of higher trophic levels due to removing prey, which can lead to

ecosystem overfishing (Coll et al, 2008). Concerns about the ecological impacts

of fishing have led to increasing efforts to protect marine biodiversity (Zhou et

al, 2014). Marine reserves, which are conservation areas prohibiting fishing,

have been promoted as conservation and fishery management tools for

sustaining marine life and ecosystems (Berezansky, 2011). However, the

3
effectiveness of marine reserves in delivering major conservation benefits in

areas of high human impact is uncertain (Cinner, 2018).

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Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is a comprehensive strategy that

considers the sustainable yield of fish, the impacts of fishing on the ecosystem

and fisheries, and the impact of fisheries management on human communities

(Hilborn, 2019). Ecosystem-based management and marine protected areas

(MPAs) have been suggested to prevent overfishing and reduce the negative

impact of fishing on sensitive habitats and bycatch. Marine reserves can also

function as a management strategy for marine conservation, protecting the

species diversity and environmental carrying capacity of fish stocks (Akpalu,

2014).

The impacts of fishing have been assessed from the point of view of the

sustainability of the fisheries as well as the ecological impacts in several

4
locations. The Namibian marine fishery was studied as an example which

indicated that the ecological impact of fishing was low and the economic

performance of the sub-sector was good (Akawa & Nashima, 2013). On the

other hand, like the paper on sustainable management of dogtooth tuna

fisheries in Aceh, Indonesia, ecological factors, namely the condition of the

aquatic environment and the conservation of pelagic resources, were also

studied. This has been pointed out by Burhanis et al. (2021), who found that the

sustainability status of the ecological dimension is relatively high.

Although several conservation measures have been proposed to reduce

fishing's ecological impacts, their efficacy has been questioned. Fisheries are

not in danger of collapse, and global exploitation rates are well below long-term

sustainable levels at a whole-ecosystem level through a simple analysis.

Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures and

create new approaches that balance the conservation of marine ecosystems

and fisheries with the sustainable development of human communities.

On the Enforcement of Rights and Privileges

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Again, under our Local Government Code, Section 149 established that fishery

rights should be granted first to duly registered fisherfolk organizations or

cooperatives. Nevertheless, there are exceptions if special laws give such

jurisdiction to specific agencies or offices on municipal waters, such as the

Laguna Lake Development Authority or the Palawan Council for Sustainable

Development, where these agencies shall have the authority to issue permits
5
as a deterrent to proper management and implementation of regulations. To
6
catch fish in city waters, using nets, traps or other fishing gear with or without

fishing boats or vessels of three gross tonnes or less, the privilege may be

granted under regular licenses or permits issued by the City Mayor. This is done

only upon payment of the proper fees prescribed in the amended Vigan

Revenue Code and by qualified individuals under Section 40.

On Fisherfolk Enforcement of Regulations

Studies concern the adverse effects of human activities on fish populations

and the extent to which regulatory measures play a role in fisheries

management. According to Hussain (2010), fish conservation laws and

7
regulations are already set, but enforcement is difficult given present socio-

economic conditions. The socio-economic outcomes of national and European

management policies applied to demersal trawl fisheries over the past decade

were examined by Sabatella (2020). The research found that although the

Italian management plans were unsuccessful overall (especially economically),

8
the low catches, rises in operating costs, and productivity fell by the Number of

laborers, which were the main reasons for this. In the meantime, Lindsay et al.

(2020) evaluated the potential economic and environmental attributes of

fishing and agricultural capital offers (with and without enforcement of

9
regulations restricting larger vessels in near shore fishing areas). The benefits

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of incorporating concepts from development economics, natural resource

economics and marine ecology in the Study of household – industry – market –

local fish population connections are emphasized.

Other studies have evaluated the impact of specific conservation measures on

10
fish populations and their economic and social implications. For instance,

Apprising et al (2021). Fisherman et al. (2018) evaluated socio-ecological

outcomes of single-species fisheries management in this work. They observed

11
large effects of single-species fisheries management on biomass of species in
12
the ecosystem model within planktivorous, omnivorous and piscivorous groups.

Also, their Study assessed how fishery production can be maintained in climate

change adaptation strategies in the United Arab Emirates. In particular, they

examined how the economics of artificial fish habitat construction, fishery

13
stock protection, and conservation regulations affect fishery.

In conclusion, the economic impacts of fishing regulation and conservation are

complex and require a multidisciplinary approach. There is a crucial need to

14
balance conservation of marine ecosystems and fisheries with the sustainable

development of human communities, especially those dependent on coastal

fisheries.

On Rewards and Benefits

One of the incentives under the Code, for example, is to allocate not less than

ten per cent (10%) of government financial institutions' credit and guarantee

funds to postharvest and marketing projects of municipal and small-scale

15
commercial fisher folk. A few of these projects are designed to improve the

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16
competitiveness of fisher folk by reducing postharvest losses. Ice plants, cold
17
storage, canneries, warehouses, transport systems or other necessary facilities

may be among eligible projects. In addition, the department will initiate several
19
programmers, including a capability-building programme to improve the

creditworthiness and bankability of municipal and small-scale commercial

20
fishers. They will organize efforts, share technology and train fishermen and

credit management. Priority will be given to groups and cooperatives organized

21
under this programmed to access credit and guarantee funds as described in

the Code. We will also conduct an information drive for the building capability

and the control assistance programmers. Broad information sharing and easier
22
access are required for the targeted fisher folk. In addition to those already
23
offered fishing vessel operators by the Board of Investments (BOI), additional

incentives to upgrade fishing vessels and to purchase fishing equipment will be

provided to encourage them to penetrate deeper into the EEZ and beyond. After

carefully evaluating resource conditions and the degree of fishing exploitation

in the fishing areas to be assigned, these incentives will be given. The support

given as incentives includes lower-interest loans guaranteed for building,

24
purchasing and improving fishing vessels and gear. Included are temporary

exemptions from taxes and duties on fresh fishing boats up to five years old

and from duties on fishing tools and accessories imported within the 90 days

set by the department. There are rebates for fishermen on duties and taxes

paid for the fuel they burn during fishing. Any incentives set out in the Omnibus

Investment Code of 1987 may be granted if the fishing project meets the
25
relevant requirements, registers with the Board of Investments and complies

with the implementing rules prepared by the Department within the same

ninety (90)-day period following the promulgation of this Code.

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Operational Definition of Terms. To promote understanding of the Study's

concepts, the following terms are defined according to how they were used.

Level of Implementation on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management. This

refers to the perceived degree of execution of the fisheries and aquatic

resource management in the City Government of Vigan.

Level of Awareness on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management. This

refers to the respondents' degree of familiarity or knowledge about the

fisheries and aquatic resource management in the City Government of Vigan.

Protection and Conservation. This Study refers to the strategy of the local

government unit of Vigan City in sustaining aquatic resources in the LGU.

26
Enforcement of Rights and Privileges. Access to fish in this area is in its

jurisdiction as an artificial reef managed by a marginal fisherman or

association and only given to the party or parties that established it.

Enforcement of Regulation. This term refers to the proper and strict

implementation of the guidelines in managing the resources in Vigan City.

Rewards and Benefits. This refers to the monetary awards and benefits given to

all the fishermen registered with the City Government of Vigan, who are

considered beneficiaries of all fishery programs.

Profile of the Respondents This refers to the factors inherent to the

respondents, such as age, sex, highest educational attainment, religious

affiliation, Number of seminars/trainings related to fisheries, types of vessels

used, and types of gear used.

Age refers to the Number of years the respondents have existed from birth until

the conduct of this study.

Sex. This refers to the respondent's characteristics that attribute them to male

or female.

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The Highest Educational Attainment refers to the highest degree or level of

education attained by the respondents, whether elementary, high school, or

college graduates.

Religious Affiliation. This refers to the respondent's affiliation with specific

28
religious groups such as Roman Catholic, Iglesia ni Cristo. And the like
29
Number of seminars/trainings attended related to fishing. This term refers to
30
how many fishing seminars or training the respondents have attended.
31 31
Types of vessels used. This refers to the fishing vehicle the fishermen uses to
31
catch fishes.

Types of gear used. This refers to the fishing materials utilized by the

respondents to catch fish, such as fish nets, rods, spears, and the like.

Assumptions

The research is anchored on the following assumptions:

The questionnaire is reliable.

The variables are valid and measurable.

32 32
3. The respondents are honest and objective in answering the questionnaire.
33
4. The responses of the respondents are true and reliable.

Hypothesis

This Study is anchored on the following hypotheses:

1. No specific relationship is found between the level of awareness regarding

fisheries and aquatic resource management under the city government of Vigan

and the respondents' profiles.

34
2. Determining however, that there is no apparent relationship between the

awareness level of the respondents and the degree of implementation of the

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Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management implemented by the City

Government of Vigan.

Methodology

This section presents the research design, population and sample, data

gathering instrument, data gathering procedure, statistical treatment of data,

35
and ethical consideration.

Research Design.
36
The method used in this Study was descriptive – correlational. Descriptive

research is characterized by understanding and describing relationships

among variables to find potential causal links (Quaranta, 2016). Correlational

research, on the other hand, is simply a non-experimental study where the

researcher measures two variables and looks at the statistical relationship

(correlation) between them without much or any attempt to control outside

variables.

A descriptive method was used to respond to the respondents' profiles, the

level of awareness, and the application of fisheries and aquatic resource

management by the City Government of Vigan. Simple linear correlation

analysis was applied to examine the relationships between the respondents'

37
profiles and their effect on the levels of awareness and implementation and to

test the impact of awareness on implementation.

Population and Sample.

This Study's participants are those currently active in fishing activities inside
38
the City of Vigan. Among them were registered local fisher folk members of the

Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Council and Barangay officials

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from Mindoro and San Pedro. The researchers purposively drew respondents

using random sampling. The researchers considered those with first-hand

knowledge and experience with fishing rules and conservation measures in the

City of Vigan. This includes local fishermen, fishing club representatives,

government officials managing fisheries, and environmental group members

working in the area.

TABLE 1

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS

BARANGAY

FISHERMEN

REGISTERED FARMC MEMBERS

BRGY. OFFICIALS

TOTAL

SAN PEDRO

155

66

75

MINDORO

210

90

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99

TOTAL

365

156

18

174

Data Gathering Instrument.

The survey questionnaire was devised by the respondents as the main tool in

gathering the data needed in the Study based on the provisions of the Fisheries

& Aquatic Resource Management Code of Vigan City. The contents were first

reviewed by the study's Panel of evaluators before being subjected to

validation by the pool of knowledgeable persons in the study's field.

The survey questionnaire consisted of three (3) parts: Part I covered gathering

the respondents' profile regarding their age, sex, highest educational

attainment, religion, Number of fishing seminars or training attended, type of

vessels used and fishing gear used, Part II gauged the respondents' level of

awareness about fisheries and aquatic resource management on protection

and conservation, enforcement of rights and privileges, regulation enforcement

and rewards and benefits and Part III tested the fisheries and aquatic resource

management implementation level along the same areas, protection and

conservation, enforcement of rights and privileges, regulation enforcement and

rewards and benefits.

Data Gathering Procedure.

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For data collection, researchers had to meet the needed persons personally,
40 41
such as local fisher folk and barangay officials. The objective of the Study was
41 41
explained, along with a request to them for their voluntary involvement. The

participants were then provided the questionnaire after they had agreed to

participate.

The researchers provided clear guidelines for filling out the form correctly. In

addition, the respondents were assured that all information provided would be

treated with confidentiality and strict anonymity to induce truthful responses.

The norms of interpretation for the level of awareness were used in the Study:

Style Range of Value Item Descriptive Rating Overall Descriptive Rating

4.21 - 5.00 Strongly Agree Very High (VH)

3.41 - 4.20 Agree High (H)

2.61 - 3.40 Neither agree nor disagree Moderate (M)

1.81 - 2.60 Disagree Low (L)

1.00 - 1.80 Strongly Disagree Very Low (VL)

42
The norms of interpretation for the level of implementation was used in the

Study

Style Range of Value Item Descriptive Rating Overall Descriptive Rating

4.21 - 5.00 Always Very High (VH)

3.41 - 4.20 Often High (H)

2.61 - 3.40 Sometimes Moderate (M)

1.81 - 2.60 Seldom Low (L)

1.00 - 1.80 Never Very Low (VL)

Statistical Treatment of Data. The following statistical tools were used in

43
treating and interpreting the data that were gathered:

Frequency count and percentages to describe the profile of the respondents.

45

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44 45 44
Mean to describe the level of awareness and the level of implementation of the

fisheries and aquatic resource management.

46
3. Simple Linear Correlation Analysis was used to determine the significant

relationship between the profile of the respondents and their level of

awareness on the fisheries and aquatic resource management; profile and the

level of implementation; and level of awareness and the level of

implementation of the fisheries and aquatic resource management.

Ethical Considerations

The researchers in the bachelor degree of Public Administration and whose

47
only interest are to contribute something in the generation of new knowledge. It

should be emphasized that the researchers are not doing this research for any
48
personal intention.

The respondents and the researchers had no conflict of interest. The

49
respondents were voluntary. Informed consent was given by the informants,

based on the researchers telling them what it was all about, what it meant that
50
they were taking part and how they could leave. It enabled them to make an
51
informed, voluntary decision completely without pressure or coercion. Special
52 53 54
care was taken to use only language that is not offensive, discriminatory or

inappropriate in formulating the interview guide and follow-up questions. The

55
privacy and anonymity of all informants was the most important. The

researchers discussed throughout their research process and analysis of data

remaining objective.

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Chapter II
56
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTREPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents, analyses, and interprets the data gathered to answer the
57 57 57
problems of the research study. For a better understanding of the context of the
58
Study, the data are presented in tabular and textual forms.
59
Problem 1: What is the profile of the Respondents in term of the following:

age,

sex,

religious affiliation,

highest educational attainment,

number of seminars/trainings attended related to fishing,

number of years in fishing,

type of fishing vessel used, and

60,61 61
type of fishing gear used?

Profile of the Respondents in Terms of the Selected Socio-Demographic

Factors
62
The socio-demographic profile of the respondents in this Study was described

in terms of age, sex, religious affiliation, highest educational attainment,

Number of seminars/trainings attended related to fishing, Number of years in

63 64 65 66
fishing,type of fishing vessel, used and fishing gear

Table 2 presents the profile of the respondents.

Moreover, the results reveal that the awareness level on fisheries and aquatic

resource management in the City Government of Vigan got an average score of

67
3.42, which means 'high. It shows that the respondents have good

understanding or are knowledgeable about fisheries and aquatic resource

management in Vigan City. A study by Gutierrez et al. (2011) confirms this

67

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67
finding in indicating the importance of community awareness and participation

in the effective management of sustainable fisheries.

68
Additionally, Pomeroy et al. (2007) states that increased awareness and

education about aquatic resource management often result in enhanced

community engagement and better resource stewardship.

69
On Age. A great percentage (45 or 25.9%) of the respondents belongs to the age
69 69 69
bracket of 45-54 years old and the least with 2 or 1.2% are 75-84 years old.

On Sex. The great majority (148 or 85.1%) of the respondents are male.
70
On Religious Affiliation. Almost all (173 or 99.4%) of the respondents are

Roman Catholic.
71
On Highest Educational Attainment. A great number (48 or 27.6%) of the
72 72
respondents are high school graduates while five (5 or 2.9%) finished technical

/vocational course.
73 74
On Number of Seminars/Training Attended Related to Fishing. A great

percentage of the respondents (68 or 39.7%) have attended relevant

75
seminars/training 3-4 times while 44 or 25.3% have never attended

seminars/training related to fishing yet.

76 77
On Number of Years in Fishing. A great number (73 or 42.0%) of the respondents
78
have been fishing for 30-39 years already while only five (5 or 2.9%) have been

fishing for less than 10 years.

79
On the Type of Fishing Vessel Used, the great majority (135 or 77.6%) of the

respondents used a bamboo raft/racket as a fishing vessel, 40 or 23% used a

modernized banca, and one (1) used a balangay.

80
On Type of Fishing Gear Used. Among the respondents, 134 or 77.0% most
81
commonly used fish cage as fishing material or equipment; 105 (60.3%) also
81
used fishing net while the least type of gear used in fishing with 1 or .6% each
81
are spears, lines and hooks.

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Problem 2: What is the level of awareness of the respondents on the fisheries &

aquatic resource management in the City Government of Vigan along the

following:

a. protection and conservation,

b. enforcement of rights and privileges,

83
c. fisherfolk enforcement of regulations
84
d. rewards and benefits

Results indicate that, on average, the level of awareness of fisheries and

aquatic resource management in terms of protection and conservation receives

85
the overall mean score of 3.42, which falls under the rating 'High', as shown by
86
the table. It can be deduced that the respondents grasp the efforts to protect
87,88
and conserve the aspect of fisheries and aquatic resource management in

Vigan City. It also shows that apart from the strategies for protecting and

conserving those resources, they know what to do more and how to deal with

restricted challenges.
89
Taken separately, the item "No mayor's permit is renewed to the persons who
90
have engaged in illegal fishing as provided by the fishing laws" which obtained
90 90
the highest mean rating of 3.59 described as "Agree" may mean that the

respondents are knowledgeable or aware about securing permits in order to

continue fishing. On the other hand, the item "The putting of rama and bannas
91 92 93
is prohibited" obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.33 and described as
94
"Neither Agree Nor Disagree". This may imply that some of the respondents in
96 95 95,96 95
Vigan City are still using "rama" and "bannasi" in catching a fish. It also
97 98
means that these things may be useful on the part of the respondents because

it could be easier for them to catch fish if they have the "rama" and "bannasi".

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99
The result of this practice, though prohibited could lead to unsustainable
100 99
fishing techniques as well as sediment and nutrient pollution as Mumby et. al.
101
(2007) have pointed out. Also they further asserted that overfishing or

destructive fishing practices exist in commercial or industrial fishing fleets as

102
well as small-scale fishing (SSF).

Level of Awareness on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

103
Table 3 displays the level of awareness onfisheries and aquatic resource
103
management along protection and conservation of fisheries and aquatic
103
resources as perceived by the respondents.

The respondents assessed the level of awareness on fisheries and aquatic

104
resource management of the respondents along enforcement of rights and
104 104
privileges with an overall mean rating of 3.36 which described as "Moderate
105 108 106,108 107,108,109
Level". This may imply that the respondents are not totally aware on the
109
provisions related to the enforcement of rights and privileges of fisheries in

Vigan City. Furthermore, it may mean that they are not well-informed of their
110
rights & privileges as provided in the Code.

Taken singly, the item "Applicant of fisheries must have undergone a seminar or

training on fish cages from recognized institutions" has obtained the highest
111
mean rating of 3.53 described as "Agree". On the other hand, the item "The
112
special privilege of fishing within the premises is maintained by a marginal
113 114
fisherman who belong exclusively to him or to the group" obtained the lowest
113 115
mean rating of 3.22 described as "Neither Agree Nor Disagree". This suggests a
116 116
need for increased access training/seminar opportunities to respondents
116 116
applicant in the City Government of Vigan to adequately equipped them with
1
the necessary knowledge and skills for sustainable fisheries management. This

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118
supports the Study conducted by Oladoja, M. A et. al . (2010), which states that

it is pertinent to give respondents special attention through training needs on

fishing technologies as training is primarily concerned with preparing the

119 118 118
fisherfolk for certain lines of action, thus, helps the participants improve their

job.

Level of Awareness on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

120 120
Table 5 display the level of awareness onfisheries and aquatic resource
120 120 121
management along enforcement of regulation as perceived by the respondents.

The table reveals the perceived level of awareness on fisheries and aquatic
123 122
resource management of the respondents along enforcement of regulation
122 122 122 124
which obtained an overall mean rating of 3.49 which described as "High". This
125,126
means that the respondents are very familiar that there is regulation in the
127 127
fishing industry in Vigan City, which may further imply that the respondents
127 125 126
may be supportive in the enforcement of regulations on fisheries and aquatic
128
resource management. This may indicate a positive trend towards sustainable

management practices in the fisheries sector (Smith et. al.,2020)

Taken separately, the item "Reports to the Mayor or the PNP Vigan related to all
129 130
illegal fishing is penalized" has obtained the highest mean rating of 3.62
131
described as "Agree". While, the item "The amount of commercial feed is 5% of
131 131
the stocks body weight" obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.34 described as
131 132
"Neiter Agree Nor Disagree". This implies that the respondents know that there
133 133,134
are proper authorities in charged with the enforcement of the policy. However,
135
the respondents are not familiar that commercial feed intake is carefully
135 136
regulated in the City Government of Vigan which could be helpful in optimizing
135
growth and health of fish stocks while minimizing environmental impacts

associated with excess feed usage. Several studies report that excellent feed

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137
management techniques play a big role in reducing feed waste, lowering cost,
138 140
favouring faster fish growth and lastly, favouring greater profits (Munguti et al.,
139 141
2014; Gule and Geremew, 2022). Taking care of proper feeding management can

reduce feed costs by 15-20% by reducing waste (Munguti et al., 2014).

Level of Awareness on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

142
Table 6 displays the level of awareness onfisheries and aquatic resource
142 142
management along enforcement of rewards and benefits of fisheries as

perceived by the respondents.

Taken separately, the item "The grant is non-transferable" has obtained the
143 143
highest mean rating of 3.53 described as "Agree" while the item "The fishery

grant issued by the Sangguniang Panglungsod is good for 3 years only"

143 143 144
obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.42 but still described as "Agree". This

means that respondents are aware that fishery grants have a limited time
145,146
frame to utilize the grant for intended purposes and this grant was intended
145,146
only for the recipient which will directly benefit from the resources allocated by
147
the SPM. This is consistent with a study finding that the Philippines devotes the

least funding to agricultural research and development (R&D) among the

nations of Asia (Congress of the Philippines, 1997b). The same average R&D
148
allocation was only 0.102 per cent of average value added for fisheries and,

therefore, no different from agriculture. Those figures, however, represent only

3.6 per cent of the total budget for agriculture and natural resources R&D. This

means government funding directed toward the fisheries sector is meager

149
compared to agriculture and natural resources. This means that the

151

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150 150 150 150,151

government allocate a fewer fund for agriculture most especially the fisheries

sector.

152
Problem 3: What is the level of implementation of the biodiversity, fisheries &
153
aquatic resource management in the City Government of Vigan along the

following:

a. protection and conservation,

b. enforcement of rights and privileges,

c. enforcement of regulation, and

154
d. rewards and benefits?
155 155
Results yielded that the level of implementation on fisheries an aquatic
155 155
resource management obtained a general overall mean ratingof 3.24 described
156 158
as "Moderate". This means that there is a strong collaboration and partnership
157 157 157,158
between and among stakeholders in the implementation on fisheries and
158 159
aquatic resource management in the city. This implies that the City Government

of Vigan has effectively executed policies and practices to manage fisheries

160
and aquatic resources. In the Philippines, Republic Act (RA) 10654 amending
160
the RA 8550 or the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998. An act to prevent, deter
161 161
and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. RA 10654 is presently

the governing law in fisheries. (https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph)

Level of Implementation on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

162 163
Table 7 displays the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource
162
management along protection and conservation as perceived by the

respondents.

On the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource management

164 164
of the respondents along protection and conservation obtained an overall mean
164 164,165
rating of 3.24 which described as "Moderate". Taken separately, the item "The

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City of Vigan prohibits the buying and selling of green sea turtles as well as the
166 167
gathering of its eggs" has obtained the highest mean rating of 3.33 described

as "Sometimes". While the item "Catching ipon or aramang is required to secure

168 168
an annual mayor's permit" obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.17 but still
169
described as "Sometimes". This implies a potential challenge for local
170
fishermen in Vigan. This condition could create pressure to meet certain quotas

or catch requirements, which may affect the sustainability of local fisheries.

171 172
According to a study conducted by Aquino (2018) states that it may pose

difficulties for those who rely on traditional or sustainable fishing practices

that do not target specific species. While the intention may be to regulate
173
fishing activity, such requirements should be carefully evaluated to ensure they

do not inadvertently harm local ecosystems or livelihoods.

Table 8 shows the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource

174
management of the respondents along enforcement of rights and privileges
174 174
which obtained an overall mean rating of 3.26 described as "Moderate". This

implies that the City Government of Vigan has made a significant step in the
175,176
implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource management as well as
177
enforcing rights and privileges to the fishermen. This means further that
178 179
fishermen are given much more opportunity and benefits for them to access
180 180
and utilize fishing grounds often with special permits granted by local authority

in the City Government of Vigan.

Taken separately, the item "Applicant of fisheries must have undergone a

181
seminar or training on fish cages from recognized institutions" which obtained
181
the highest mean rating of 3.41 described as "Often". While the item "Special

fishing privileges within the premises of an artificial reef is established and

182
maintained by marginal fishermen" obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.15
183
described as "Sometimes". This implies a sense of ownership and responsibility

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184
among fishermen for the reef's upkeep and sustainability which will affect the
184
access to fish stocks, increase yields and potentially improve livelihoods for the
185
fishermen in Vigan City. The Study conducted by Chuenpagdee et. al., (2014)

outlines that in community dynamics, the social cohesion and organization

within fishing communities can influence the effectiveness of fisheries

management; strong community ties may facilitate cooperative efforts in

enforcing rights and privileges to fishermen.

Level of Implementation on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

186
Table 9 displays the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource
186
management along enforcement of regulations as perceived by the

respondents.

Table 9 reveals the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource

187 187
management of the respondents along fisher folk enforcement which obtained
187
an overall mean rating of 3.28 described as "Moderate". Taken separately, the
188 189 190
item "All qualified fisherfolk are registered with the city through CAO" which
189
obtained the highest mean rating of 3.36 described as "Sometimes". While the
191
item "The amount of commercial feed is (5%) of the stocks body weight"
191 192
obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.11 also described as "Sometimes". This

implies that enforcement of proper regulation on fisheries and aquatic resource

193
management may be very important to secure and protect the aquatic
194 195
resources of the city this is not fully implemented. Effective fishery resource
197
management also involves a collection and analysis of data, planning,
196 196
consulting with stakeholders, making decisions, allocation of resources, and
196 196,197
establishment and enforcement of regulations. It is necessary to implement
199,200 198
these steps so as to ensure the long-term sustainability of the fishery
200
resources and the achievement of the fisheries management aim (FAO, 1997).

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Level of Implementation on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

201
Table 10 displays the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource
201
management along rewards and benefits as perceived by the respondents.

The level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource management

202 202
along rewards and benefits obtained an overall mean rating of 3.15 which
202,203 202,203 204
described as "Moderate" is shown in Table 10. This implies that the City
206
Government of Vigan is implementing strategies in fisheries and aquatic
205
resource management resulting in significant rewards and benefits. The result
207 207 207
may not be high but it serves as a proof to the commitment of the City

Government of Vigan to sustainable fishing practices. The dedication is

208
reflected in the benefits reaped, indicating a positive impact on both the

environment and the local economy.

209 209
Taken separately, the item the grant is non-transferable" which obtained the
209
highest mean rating of 3.22 described as "Sometimes"; while the item "The

fishery grant issued by the Sangguniang Panglungsod is good for 3 years only"

obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.05 and also described as "Sometimes".
210
This implies that the City Government of Vigan recognizes the importance of
211,212
supporting local fisheries through targeted initiatives. By means of providing

non-transferable grants and a three-year fishery grant, they demonstrate a

commitment to long-term sustainability and the livelihoods of fishing

213
communities in Vigan City. According to a study conducted by Forsberg, K.

(2023), stakeholder engagement is essential for ensuring that fisheries

214
management plans are effective, equitable and sustainable. Effective
215
stakeholder engagement allows for the incorporation of diverse perspectives
216
and interests into fisheries management plans ensuring that the needs and
217 218
concerns of all stakeholders are taken into account. This means that
219 220 221 220
stakeholders play a great role to maintain a long-term sustainability in

222

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222
fisheries. Without collaboration and partnership among stakeholders, fisheries

management plans will not be effective and sustainable.

Problem 4: Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the

223
respondents and the level of awareness on fisheries and aquatic resource

management in the City Government of Vigan?

Relationship between the Profile of the Respondents and the Level of

Awareness on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

Table 11 displays the relationship between the profile of the respondents and
224
the level of awareness on fisheries and aquatic resource management as

perceived by the respondents.

225
Results disclose that the null hypothesis which states that there is no
227
significant relationship between the highest educational attainment and the
225 226 228 229
level of awareness is rejected. This means that the generally, the respondents

who obtained a higher level of educational attainment tend to have a lower

229
level of awareness (-.180) specifically along enforcement of rights and

privileges of fisheries (-.183), enforcement of regulation (r=-.192), and rewards

and benefits (-.192). It may also mean that those with a lower level of
230,231
educational attainment tend to perceive a very higher level of awareness on the
232 233
identified variables. This is in conflict with Rogers' (1983) study, which states
234 235
that fishermen, like all mankind, had the skills to learn. Rogers says people can

increase this potential with experience or education. As people interact with

their environment, they work and learn.

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Furthermore, the Number of years in fishing shows a significant relationship

236 23
with the level of awareness of the respondent's at.05 level of significance. This
238
means that the respondents who obtained a higher number of years in fishing
239
tend to have a higher level of awareness along enforcement of rights and
239 240
privileges of fisheries (.154) and along rewards and incentives (.185). This tends
244 241 242
to imply that those who have been fishing for a long period of time have higher
243,245 243 243 243 243 243
level of awareness on enforcement of rights, and privileges and rewards and
246
benefits. According to Hope (2009) development of capacity is a long process, in

which the individual's ability and skill in solving problems are increasing based

on their experience, so that the performance capacity of organizations and

247
institutions will become stronger in order to achieve the industrialization of

fisheries.

Moreover, types of fishing gear used by the fishermen and their level of
248 248
awareness shows a significant relationship at.05 level and .01 levels of
248 249
significance with R-value of .240. This means that when taken singly, the
250 250
respondents who used fishing cage as a fishing net tends to have a higher level

of awareness along protection and conservation of fisheries and aquatic

250
resources (.312), andenforcement of rights and privileges of fisheries (.161),
251 252,253
enforcement of regulation (.166). This imply that the type of fish gears used are
252,253
factors that may affect the awareness of the respondents on the fisheries and
254 255
aquatic resource management of Vigan City. This corroborates to a study

conducted by Indiarti and Wardana (2013) which states that the fishermen
255 255
community are generally traditional and operating simple gear either with or

without a motor.

Problem 5: Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the

256 256
respondents and the level of implementation onfisheries and aquatic resource

management in the City Government of Vigan?

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Relationship between the Profile of the Respondents and the Level of

257
Implementation on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management
258
Table 12 displays the relationship between the profile of the respondents and
258
the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource management as

perceived by the respondents.

259,260
Results disclose that the null hypothesis which states that there is no

significant relationship between the highest educational attainment and the

259 261 262
level of implementation is rejected at 01 level of significance. This means that

the respondents who obtained a higher level of educational attainment tend to

have a perceived lower level of implementation along protection and

conservation of fisheries and aquatic resources (r=-.177), enforcement of

rights and privileges of fisheries (r=-.217), enforcement of regulation (r=-.280),

263
rewards and benefits (r=-.240) and overall awareness (-.252). This implies that
265
among the various areas of the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic
264,265
resource management perceive to have a very high effect on the educational
265
attainment of the respondents.
266
Moreover, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant

relationship between the Number of years in fishing and the level of

266,268 267 266
implementation was rejected along enforcement and regulation with .01 level

of significance. The respondents who have a longer number of years in fishing

269
perceived that the level of implementation along enforcement of regulation

(.176) is higher. It may also mean that the respondents who have a longer
270
number of years in fishing perceived a lower level of implementation along
270 270
protection and conservation of fisheries and aquatic resources, enforcement of
271
rights and privileges of fisheries, and rewards and benefits. This supports the
273
Study conducted by Townsley (1998) which states that belief (culture),

27

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273 273 27
knowledge and skills in fishermen communities are generally a process that is

carried from generation to generation.

274,275
Furthermore, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant

relationship between the types of fishing gear used and the level of
274 276 274 274
implementation was rejected with .01 level of significance. The respondents
277
who used fishing netperceived a higher level of implementation along

protection and conservation of fisheries and aquatic resources (r=.239),

277
rewards and benefits (r=.227) and overall implementation (r=.209). It may also
278
mean that the respondents who usually used fishing cage perceived to have a
278 278
lower level of implementation along enforcement of rights and privileges of
278 278 279,280 281,283
fisheries and enforcement of regulation.This suggest that some residents may
282
feel that these rights and privileges are not being implemented fairly and that
283 284
they may be benefiting only a select few within the community. This
285
corroborates the Study conducted by Scott (1993) which states that the
285,287 286
resources are exchanged in patron-client relationships reflect the needs
287 285
arising from each party as well as typical coastal community.

Problem 6: Is there a significant relationship between the level of awareness

288
and the level of implementation of the fisheries and aquatic resource

management?

Relationship between the Level of Awareness and the Level of Implementation

on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

289
Table 13 displays the relationship between the level of awareness on fisheries
289
and aquatic resource management and the level of implementation on fisheries

and aquatic resource management as perceived by the respondents.

290
Results disclose that there is a very significant relationships between the

overall level of awareness on fisheries and aquatic resource management and

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the perceived level of implementation based on the results of correlation with

computed (R-value =.771), which is highly significant at the 0.01 level. The
291,292
hypothesis which states that "the level of awareness on fisheries and aquatic

resource management and the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic

291
resource management" is rejected.

294 293,294
It also shows that there is a significant relationship between of the various

areas of the overall level of awareness on fisheries and aquatic resource

293
management and the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource
2
management. Hence, this Study rejects the null hypothesis posted in this Study
295
which states that there is no significant relationship between level of
295
awareness on fisheries and aquatic resource management and the level of
295
implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource management.

Results yielded that a higher level of awareness among respondents correlates

296,297
with more effective implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource

management. Studies have shown that increased awareness through education

and training programs leads to better adherence to sustainable practices. For

instance, a study by Pomeroy et. al. (2007) highlighted that community

education initiatives significantly improved compliance with marine protected

298 299
area regulation. Furthermore, as demonstrated by Aswani et. al. (2015), when

local communities understand the ecological and economic benefits of

sustainable fisheries, they are more likely to participate actively in

management efforts.

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Chapter III
300
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3
This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusions formulated and

recommendations made, resulting from the analysis and interpretation of the

gathered data.

Findings

The following are the significant findings of the Study:

302
On Profile of the Respondents
303
On Age. A great percentage (45 or 25.9%) of the respondents belong to the age
303 303
bracket of 45-54 years old.
304
On Sex. Great majority (148 or 85.1%) of the respondents are male.
305
On Religious Affiliation. Almost all (173 or 99.4%) of the respondents are

Roman Catholic.
306
On Highest Educational Attainment. A great number (48 or 27.6%) of
307 307
therespondents are high school graduate .
308 309
On Number of Seminars/Training Attended Related to Fishing. A great

percentage of the respondents (68 or 39.7%) attended seminars/training

310
related to fishing for 3-4 times.
311 312
On Number of Years in Fishing. A great number (73 or 42.0%) of
313 313
therespondentshave fishing, for 30-39 years.
314
On Type of Fishing Vessel Used. Great majority (`135 or 77.6%) of the
314
respondents used bamboo raft/rakit as fishing vessel.

316 3

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315,316 3
On Type of Fishing Gear Used. Great majority (134 or 77.0%) of the respondents
315
used fishing net as fishing gear.
317 318
On Level of Awareness on of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

On Protection and Conservation. The overall level of awareness on protection

and conservation is "High". (x=3.42)

319
On Enforcement of Rights and Privileges. The overall level of awareness on
320
enforcement of rights and privileges is "High". (x=3.36)
321 322
OnFisher Folk Enforcement of Regulations. The overall level of awareness on
322 322
enforcement of regulation is "High". (x=3.49)
323
On Rewards and Benefits. The overall level of awareness on rewards and

benefits is "High". (x=3.48)

As a whole, the level of awareness of the respondents on fisheries and aquatic

324
resource management obtained an overall mean rating of 3.45 described as

"High".
325 326
On Level of Implementation on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management
327
On Protection and Conservation. The overall level of implementation on

protection and conservation is "Moderate". (x=3.24)

328
On Enforcement of Rights and Privileges. The overall level of awareness on

protection and conservation is "Moderate". (x=3.26)

329
OnFisher Folk Enforcement of Regulations. The overall level of awareness on

protection and conservation is "Moderate". (x=3.28)

On Rewards and Benefits. The overall level of awareness on protection and

conservation is "Moderate". (x=3.15)

As a whole, the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource

330 330
management obtained a overall mean rating of 3.24 described as "Moderate".

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331
On Relationship between the Profile of the Respondents and the Level of

Awareness on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

The null hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship

332
between the profile of the respondents and the level of awareness was rejected

specifically on highest educational attainment (r=-.180) and types of fishing

gear used (.240).

On Relationship between the Profile of the Respondents and the Level of

333
Implementation on Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management

The null hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship

334
between the profile of the respondents and the level of implementation was

rejected at .01 level specifically on highest educational attainment (. -252) and

types of fishing gear used (,209).

335
On Relationship between the Level of Awareness on Fisheries and Aquatic
336
Resource Management and the Level of Implementation on Fisheries and

Aquatic Resource Management

337
The null hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship
337
between the overall level of awareness on fisheries and aquatic resource
337
management and the level of implementation on fisheries and aquatic resource
337
management was rejected based on the results of correlation with computed

(R-value =.771), which is highly significant at the 0.01 level.

Conclusions
338
Based on the findings of the Study, the following conclusions are drawn:

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339 340
The respondents are dominated by male using bamboo raft or rakit and fish
341 342
cage; Roman Catholics; finished secondary education middle-aged,
343
seminars/training with minimal Number of relevant fishing, spent decades

fishing
344
The fisherfolk of barangays. Mindoro and San Pedro in Vigan City are well-
344
versed on The City fisheries and aquatic resource management.

The fisheries and aquatic resource management in Vigan City is not strictly
345
executed.
346
Higher educational levels likely enhance comprehension of policies and the use
347 348 349
of fishing gear reflect practical engagement of resource management

Individuals with higher educational attainment have the knowledge and skills
350
to adhere to sustainable practices and comply with regulatory framework,
351
while the use of fishing gears aids in the operationalization of the Fisheries and

Aquatic Resource Management guidelines.

352
Informed fisherfolk are better equipped to translate knowledge into attainable
353
strategies that enhance the Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management
354,355
execution

Recommendations

Based on the conclusions drawn from the results of the Study, the following
356
hereby recommended:
357
The City Government of Vigan may equip knowledge on local policies that
357 35
concern the residents by providing more seminars or training such responsible

fishing.
358 358
A collaborative effortaims disseminating the Fisheries and Aquatic Resource
358 359
Management to the coastal communities in Vigan may be considered to include
358 358
theDENR, CENRO, Fishermen Org., academe, coastguard, residents and other

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358
stakeholders to improve the awareness of the fisherfolks` about the FARM

policies of the city.

The City Government of Vigan may strengthen the enforcement of the

360
prohibition on the use of rama and bannasi to help protect local ecosystems

and ensure a sustainable fishing practice.

The City Government of Vigan may consider developing and implementing

361
awareness campaigns through various strategies including partnership with

the academe to educate fishermen on sustainable fishing practices,

361
conservation of marine resources and the benefits of artificial reef

maintenance.

The City Government of Vigan may conduct activities integrating educational

362
outreach and capacity building programs that are relevant to diverse literacy

levels, alongside promoting access to eco-friendly and sustainable fishing

technologies
363
Collaborative efforts among policy makers, local authorities and fisherfolk may
364
focus on reinforcing both knowledge Desideration and technological support to

establish a culture of compliance and stewardship

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1. Study; Study's; study; study's Text inconsistencies Correctness

2. sea → seas Incorrect noun number Correctness

3. major → significant Word choice Engagement

4. , which Incorrect punctuation Correctness

5. the proper Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

6. , or Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

7. the present Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

8. by → due to Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

9. near shore → near-shore Confused words Correctness

10. . For → —for Incomplete sentences Delivery

11. large → significant Word choice Engagement

12. , and Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

13. fishery → fisheries Incorrect noun number Correctness

14. the conservation Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

15. fisher folk → fisherfolk Confused words Correctness

16. fisher folk → fisherfolk Confused words Correctness

17. , or Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

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18. department; Department Text inconsistencies Correctness

19. programmers → programs Confused words Correctness

20. , and Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

21. programmed → program Incorrect phrasing Correctness

22. fisher folk → fisherfolk Confused words Correctness

23. to fishing Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

24. , and Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

25. , and Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

26. in → within Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

27. be male Incorrect verb forms Correctness

28. Catholic, → Catholic and Incorrect phrasing Correctness

29. Number of seminars/trainings attended Incorrect phrasing Correctness

related to fishing.

30. sessions the Incorrect noun number Correctness

31. This refers to the fishing vehicle the Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
fishermen uses to catch fishes.

32. 3. The respondents are honest and objective Incorrect phrasing Correctness
in answering the questionnaire.

33. true → accurate Word choice Engagement

34. , however Incorrect punctuation Correctness

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35. consideration → considerations Incorrect noun number Correctness

36. descriptive–correlational Confused words Correctness

37. , and Incorrect punctuation Correctness

38. fisher folk → fisherfolk Confused words Correctness

39. in → for Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

40. fisher folk → fisherfolk Confused words Correctness

41. The objective of the Study was explained, Incorrect phrasing Correctness
along with a request to them for their
voluntary involvement.

42. was → were Faulty subject-verb Correctness

agreement

43. were gathered Passive voice misuse Clarity

44. Mean to describe the level of awareness and Incorrect phrasing Correctness
the level of implementation of the fisheries
and aquatic resource management.

45. the level of Wordy sentences Clarity

46. was used Passive voice misuse Clarity

47. The researchers in the bachelor degree of Paragraph can be Clarity

Public Administration and whose only perfected
interest are to contribute something in the
generation of new knowledge.

48. personal reasons Wordy sentences Clarity

49. voluntary → volunteers Incorrect phrasing Correctness

50. , and Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

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51. completely Wordy sentences Clarity

52. was taken Passive voice misuse Clarity

53. only Wordy sentences Clarity

54. , or Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

55. was → were Faulty subject-verb Correctness

agreement

56. INTREPRETATION → INTERPRETATION Misspelled words Correctness

57. This chapter presents, analyses, and Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

interprets the data gathered to answer the
problems of the research study.

58. are presented Passive voice misuse Clarity

59. term → terms Incorrect noun number Correctness

60. type → Type Improper formatting Correctness

61. type of fishing gear used? Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

62. was described Passive voice misuse Clarity

63. , type Improper formatting Correctness

64. vessel, Incorrect punctuation Correctness

65. , and Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

66. gear. Closing punctuation Correctness

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67. It shows that the respondents have good Paragraph can be Clarity
understanding or are knowledgeable about perfected
fisheries and aquatic resource management
in Vigan City. A study by Gutierrez et al. (2011)
confirms this finding in indicating the
importance of community awareness and
participation in the effective management of
sus…

68. states → state Faulty subject-verb Correctness

agreement

69. On Age. A great percentage (45 or 25.9%) of Paragraph can be Clarity

the respondents belongs to the age bracket perfected
of 45-54 years old and the least with 2 or
1.2% are 75-84 years old.

70. of the Wordy sentences Clarity

71. great → significant Word choice Engagement

72. A great number (48 or 27.6%) of the Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

respondents are high school graduates while
five (5 or 2.9%) finished technical/vocational
course.

73. On Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

74. great → significant Word choice Engagement

75. , while Incorrect punctuation Correctness

76. the Number Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

77. great → significant Word choice Engagement

78. , while Incorrect punctuation Correctness

79. great Wordy sentences Clarity

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80. the Type Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

81. Among the respondents, 134 or 77.0% most Paragraph can be Clarity
commonly used fish cage as fishing material perfected
or equipment; 105 (60.3%) also used fishing
net while the least type of gear used in
fishing with 1 or .6% each are spears, lines
and hooks.

82. & → and Incorrect phrasing Correctness

83. , enforcement Incorrect punctuation Correctness

84. rewards → Rewards Confused words Correctness

85. by → in Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

86. be deduced Passive voice misuse Clarity

87. the aspect of Wordy sentences Clarity

88. aspect of Incorrect phrasing Correctness

89. is renewed Passive voice misuse Clarity

90. Taken separately, the item "No mayor's Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
permit is renewed to the persons who have
engaged in illegal fishing as provided by the
fishing laws" which obtained the highest
mean rating of 3.59 described as "Agree"
may mean that the respondents are
knowledgeable or aware about securing
permits in order t…

91. bannas is → bannas is Improper formatting Correctness

92. is prohibited Passive voice misuse Clarity

93. was described Incorrect verb forms Correctness

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94. This Intricate text Clarity

95. This may imply that some of the respondents Incorrect phrasing Correctness
in Vigan City are still using "rama" and
"bannasi" in catching a fish.

96. This may imply that some of the respondents Unclear sentences Clarity
in Vigan City are still using "rama" and
"bannasi" in catching a fish.

97. useful → helpful Word choice Engagement

98. on the part of → for Wordy sentences Clarity

99. The result of this practice, though prohibited Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
could lead to unsustainable fishing
techniques as well as sediment and nutrient
pollution as Mumby et. al. (2007) have
pointed out.

100. as well as → and Wordy sentences Clarity

101. Also, Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

102. as well as → and Wordy sentences Clarity

103. Table 3 displays the level of awareness Paragraph can be Clarity

onfisheries and aquatic resource perfected
management along protection and
conservation of fisheries and aquatic
resources as perceived by the respondents.

104. The respondents assessed the level of Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

awareness on fisheries and aquatic resource
management of the respondents along
enforcement of rights and privileges with an
overall mean rating of 3.36 which described
as "Moderate Level".

105. This Intricate text Clarity

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106. totally Wordy sentences Clarity

107. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

108. Tone suggestions Delivery

109. This may imply that the respondents are not Unclear sentences Clarity
totally aware on the provisions related to the
enforcement of rights and privileges of
fisheries in Vigan City.

110. & → and Incorrect phrasing Correctness

111. 3.53, Incorrect punctuation Correctness

112. is maintained Passive voice misuse Clarity

113. On the other hand, the item "The special Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
privilege of fishing within the premises is
maintained by a marginal fisherman who
belong exclusively to him or to the group"
obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.22
described as "Neither Agree Nor Disagree".

114. to Wordy sentences Clarity

115. This Intricate text Clarity

116. This suggests a need for increased access Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
training/seminar opportunities to
respondents applicant in the City
Government of Vigan to adequately equipped
them with the necessary knowledge and
skills for sustainable fisheries management.

117. This Intricate text Clarity

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118. This supports the Study conducted by Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

Oladoja, M. A et. al . (2010), which states that
it is pertinent to give respondents special
attention through training needs on fishing
technologies as training is primarily
concerned with preparing the fisherfolk for
certain lines of action, thus, helps the pa…

119. certain → specific Word choice Engagement

120. Table 5 display the level of awareness Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

onfisheries and aquatic resource
management along enforcement of
regulation as perceived by the respondents.

121. regulation as → regulation as Improper formatting Correctness

122. The table reveals the perceived level of Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
awareness on fisheries and aquatic resource
management of the respondents along
enforcement of regulation which obtained an
overall mean rating of 3.49 which described
as "High".

123. The table reveals the perceived level of Unclear sentences Clarity
awareness on fisheries and aquatic resource
management of the respondents along
enforcement of regulation which obtained an
overall mean rating of 3.49 which described
as "High".

124. This Intricate text Clarity

125. This means that the respondents are very Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
familiar that there is regulation in the fishing
industry in Vigan City, which may further
imply that the respondents may be
supportive in the enforcement of regulations
on fisheries and aquatic resource
management.

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126. This means that the respondents are very Unclear sentences Clarity
familiar that there is regulation in the fishing
industry in Vigan City, which may further
imply that the respondents may be
supportive in the enforcement of regulations
on fisheries and aquatic resource
management.

127. Tone suggestions Delivery

128. This Intricate text Clarity

129. highest mean → highest mean Improper formatting Correctness

130. 3.62, Incorrect punctuation Correctness

131. While, the item "The amount of commercial Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
feed is 5% of the stocks body weight"
obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.34
described as "Neiter Agree Nor Disagree".

132. This Intricate text Clarity

133. This implies that the respondents know that Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
there are proper authorities in charged with
the enforcement of the policy.

134. This implies that the respondents know that Unclear sentences Clarity
there are proper authorities in charged with
the enforcement of the policy.

135. However, the respondents are not familiar Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
that commercial feed intake is carefully
regulated in the City Government of Vigan
which could be helpful in optimizing growth
and health of fish stocks while minimizing
environmental impacts associated with
excess feed usage.

136. help optimize Wordy sentences Clarity

137. big → significant Word choice Engagement

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138. , and Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

139. Incorrect citation format Correctness

140. Several studies report that excellent feed Unclear sentences Clarity
management techniques play a big role in
reducing feed waste, lowering cost, favouring
faster fish growth and lastly, favouring
greater profits (Munguti et al., 2014; Gule
and Geremew, 2022).

141. Taking care of proper Wordy sentences Clarity

142. Table 6 displays the level of awareness Paragraph can be Clarity

onfisheries and aquatic resource perfected
management along enforcement of rewards
and benefits of fisheries as perceived by the
respondents.

143. Taken separately, the item "The grant is non- Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
transferable" has obtained the highest mean
rating of 3.53 described as "Agree" while the
item "The fishery grant issued by the
Sangguniang Panglungsod is good for 3 years
only" obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.42
but still described as "Agree".

144. This Intricate text Clarity

145. This means that respondents are aware that Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
fishery grants have a limited time frame to
utilize the grant for intended purposes and
this grant was intended only for the recipient
which will directly benefit from the resources
allocated by the SPM.

146. This means that respondents are aware that Unclear sentences Clarity
fishery grants have a limited time frame to
utilize the grant for intended purposes and
this grant was intended only for the recipient
which will directly benefit from the resources
allocated by the SPM.

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147. This Intricate text Clarity

148. The same average R&D allocation was only Incorrect phrasing Correctness
0.102 per cent of average value added for
fisheries and, therefore, no different from
agriculture.

149. This Intricate text Clarity

150. This means that the government allocate a Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
fewer fund for agriculture most especially
the fisheries sector.

151. This means that the government allocate a Unclear sentences Clarity
fewer fund for agriculture most especially
the fisheries sector.

152. &→, Incorrect punctuation Correctness

153. and aquatic Conjunction use Correctness

154. rewards → Rewards Confused words Correctness

155. Results yielded that the level of Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

implementation on fisheries an aquatic
resource management obtained a general
overall mean ratingof 3.24 described as
"Moderate".

156. This Intricate text Clarity

157. This means that there is a strong Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

collaboration and partnership between and
among stakeholders in the implementation
on fisheries and aquatic resource
management in the city.

158. This means that there is a strong Unclear sentences Clarity

collaboration and partnership between and
among stakeholders in the implementation
on fisheries and aquatic resource
management in the city.

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159. This Intricate text Clarity

160. In the Philippines, Republic Act (RA) 10654 Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
amending the RA 8550 or the Philippine
Fisheries Code of 1998.

161. An act to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
unreported and unregulated fishing.

162. Table 7 displays the level of implementation Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

on fisheries and aquatic resource
management along protection and
conservation as perceived by the
respondents.

163. on fisheries → on fisheries Improper formatting Correctness

164. On the level of implementation on fisheries Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

and aquatic resource management of the
respondents along protection and
conservation obtained an overall mean rating
of 3.24 which described as "Moderate".

165. On the level of implementation on fisheries Unclear sentences Clarity

and aquatic resource management of the
respondents along protection and
conservation obtained an overall mean rating
of 3.24 which described as "Moderate".

166. highest mean → highest mean Improper formatting Correctness

167. 3.33, Incorrect punctuation Correctness

168. While the item "Catching ipon or aramang is Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
required to secure an annual mayor's permit"
obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.17 but
still described as "Sometimes".

169. This Intricate text Clarity

170. certain → specific Word choice Engagement

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171. According to a Wordy sentences Clarity

172. states that → , Incorrect phrasing Correctness

173. be carefully evaluated Passive voice misuse Clarity

174. Table 8 shows the level of implementation on Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

fisheries and aquatic resource management
of the respondents along enforcement of
rights and privileges which obtained an
overall mean rating of 3.26 described as
"Moderate".

175. implementing Wordy sentences Clarity

176. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

177. This Intricate text Clarity

178. are given Passive voice misuse Clarity

179. for them Wordy sentences Clarity

180. This means further that fishermen are given Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
much more opportunity and benefits for
them to access and utilize fishing grounds
often with special permits granted by local
authority in the City Government of Vigan.

181. Taken separately, the item "Applicant of Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

fisheries must have undergone a seminar or
training on fish cages from recognized
institutions" which obtained the highest
mean rating of 3.41 described as "Often".

182. 3.15, Incorrect punctuation Correctness

183. This Intricate text Clarity

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184. This implies a sense of ownership and Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

responsibility among fishermen for the reef's
upkeep and sustainability which will affect
the access to fish stocks, increase yields and
potentially improve livelihoods for the
fishermen in Vigan City.

185. al., Incorrect punctuation Correctness

186. Table 9 displays the level of implementation Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

on fisheries and aquatic resource
management along enforcement of
regulations as perceived by the respondents.

187. Table 9 reveals the level of implementation Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

on fisheries and aquatic resource
management of the respondents along fisher
folk enforcement which obtained an overall
mean rating of 3.28 described as "Moderate".

188. are registered Passive voice misuse Clarity

189. Taken separately, the item "All qualified Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
fisherfolk are registered with the city through
CAO" which obtained the highest mean rating
of 3.36 described as "Sometimes".

190. which Wordy sentences Clarity

191. While the item "The amount of commercial Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
feed is (5%) of the stocks body weight"
obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.11 also
described as "Sometimes".

192. This Intricate text Clarity

193. very important → Word choice Engagement

critical, essential, crucial, significant

194. , but this Incorrect phrasing Correctness

195. is not fully implemented Passive voice misuse Clarity

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196. Effective fishery resource management also Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

involves a collection and analysis of data,
planning, consulting with stakeholders,
making decisions, allocation of resources,
and establishment and enforcement of
regulations.

197. Effective fishery resource management also Unclear sentences Clarity

involves a collection and analysis of data,
planning, consulting with stakeholders,
making decisions, allocation of resources,
and establishment and enforcement of
regulations.

198. so as to → to Wordy sentences Clarity

199. It is necessary to implement these steps so Incorrect phrasing Correctness

as to ensure the long-term sustainability of
the fishery resources and the achievement of
the fisheries management aim (FAO, 1997).

200. It is necessary to implement these steps so Unclear sentences Clarity

as to ensure the long-term sustainability of
the fishery resources and the achievement of
the fisheries management aim (FAO, 1997).

201. Table 10 displays the level of implementation Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

on fisheries and aquatic resource
management along rewards and benefits as
perceived by the respondents.

202. The level of implementation on fisheries and Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

aquatic resource management along rewards
and benefits obtained an overall mean rating
of 3.15 which described as "Moderate" is
shown in Table 10.

203. The level of implementation on fisheries and Unclear sentences Clarity

aquatic resource management along rewards
and benefits obtained an overall mean rating
of 3.15 which described as "Moderate" is
shown in Table 10.

204. This Intricate text Clarity

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205. , resulting Incorrect punctuation Correctness

206. This implies that the City Government of Unclear sentences Clarity
Vigan is implementing strategies in fisheries
and aquatic resource management resulting
in significant rewards and benefits.

207. The result may not be high but it serves as a Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
proof to the commitment of the City
Government of Vigan to sustainable fishing
practices.

208. both Wordy sentences Clarity

209. Taken separately, the item the grant is non- Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
transferable" which obtained the highest
mean rating of 3.22 described as
"Sometimes"; while the item "The fishery
grant issued by the Sangguniang
Panglungsod is good for 3 years only"
obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.05 and
also described as "Sometim…

210. This Intricate text Clarity

211. By means of → Wordy sentences Clarity

Using, Utilizing, Employing, Through

212. means of Incorrect phrasing Correctness

213. conducted Wordy sentences Clarity

214. , and Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

215. incorporating Wordy sentences Clarity

216. , ensuring Incorrect punctuation Correctness

217. are taken Passive voice misuse Clarity

218. This Intricate text Clarity

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219. great → significant Word choice Engagement

220. This means that stakeholders play a great Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
role to maintain a long-term sustainability in
fisheries.

221. to maintain a → in maintaining Wordy sentences Clarity

222. Without collaboration and partnership Unclear sentences Clarity

among stakeholders, fisheries management
plans will not be effective and sustainable.

223. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

224. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

225. Results disclose that the null hypothesis Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
which states that there is no significant
relationship between the highest educational
attainment and the level of awareness is
rejected.

226. is rejected Passive voice misuse Clarity

227. Results disclose that the null hypothesis Unclear sentences Clarity
which states that there is no significant
relationship between the highest educational
attainment and the level of awareness is
rejected.

228. This Intricate text Clarity

229. This means that the generally, the Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
respondents who obtained a higher level of
educational attainment tend to have a lower
level of awareness (-.180) specifically along
enforcement of rights and privileges of
fisheries (-.183), enforcement of regulation
(r=-.192), and rewards and benefits (-.192).

230. very → much Misuse of modifiers Correctness

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231. very → significantly Word choice Engagement

232. This Intricate text Clarity

233. is in conflict → conflicts Wordy sentences Clarity

234. mankind → humanity, humankind Potentially sensitive Delivery

language

235. had → have Incorrect verb forms Correctness

236. respondent's → respondents Incorrect noun number Correctness

237. This Intricate text Clarity

238. a higher number of → more Wordy sentences Clarity

239. This means that the respondents who Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
obtained a higher number of years in fishing
tend to have a higher level of awareness
along enforcement of rights and privileges of
fisheries (.154) and along rewards and
incentives (.185).

240. This Intricate text Clarity

241. a long → an extended Word choice Engagement

242. period of time → period, time Wordy sentences Clarity

243. This tends to imply that those who have been Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
fishing for a long period of time have higher
level of awareness on enforcement of rights,
and privileges and rewards and benefits.

244. Tone suggestions Delivery

245. This tends to imply that those who have been Unclear sentences Clarity
fishing for a long period of time have higher
level of awareness on enforcement of rights,
and privileges and rewards and benefits.

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246. , the development Incorrect phrasing Correctness

247. in order to → to Wordy sentences Clarity

248. Moreover, types of fishing gear used by the Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
fishermen and their level of awareness
shows a significant relationship at.05 level
and .01 levels of significance with R-value of
.240.

249. This Intricate text Clarity

250. This means that when taken singly, the Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
respondents who used fishing cage as a
fishing net tends to have a higher level of
awareness along protection and
conservation of fisheries and aquatic
resources (.312), andenforcement of rights
and privileges of fisheries (.161),
enforcement of regulation (.1…

251. This Intricate text Clarity

252. This imply that the type of fish gears used Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
are factors that may affect the awareness of
the respondents on the fisheries and aquatic
resource management of Vigan City.

253. This imply that the type of fish gears used Unclear sentences Clarity
are factors that may affect the awareness of
the respondents on the fisheries and aquatic
resource management of Vigan City.

254. This Intricate text Clarity

255. This corroborates to a study conducted by Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

Indiarti and Wardana (2013) which states
that the fishermen community are generally
traditional and operating simple gear either
with or without a motor.

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256. respondents and the level of implementation Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

onfisheries and aquatic resource
management in the City Government of
Vigan?

257. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

258. Table 12 displays the relationship between Paragraph can be Clarity

the profile of the respondents and the level perfected
of implementation on fisheries and aquatic
resource management as perceived by the
respondents.

259. Results disclose that the null hypothesis Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
which states that there is no significant
relationship between the highest educational
attainment and the level of implementation
is rejected at 01 level of significance.

260. which states Wordy sentences Clarity

261. is rejected Passive voice misuse Clarity

262. This Intricate text Clarity

263. This Intricate text Clarity

264. This implies that among the various areas of Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
the level of implementation on fisheries and
aquatic resource management perceive to
have a very high effect on the educational
attainment of the respondents.

265. This implies that among the various areas of Unclear sentences Clarity
the level of implementation on fisheries and
aquatic resource management perceive to
have a very high effect on the educational
attainment of the respondents.

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266. Moreover, the null hypothesis which states Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
that there is no significant relationship
between the Number of years in fishing and
the level of implementation was rejected
along enforcement and regulation with .01
level of significance.

267. was rejected Passive voice misuse Clarity

268. Moreover, the null hypothesis which states Unclear sentences Clarity
that there is no significant relationship
between the Number of years in fishing and
the level of implementation was rejected
along enforcement and regulation with .01
level of significance.

269. along → and Incorrect phrasing Correctness

270. It may also mean that the respondents who Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
have a longer number of years in fishing
perceived a lower level of implementation
along protection and conservation of
fisheries and aquatic resources, enforcement
of rights and privileges of fisheries, and
rewards and benefits.

271. This Intricate text Clarity

272. that is Wordy sentences Clarity

273. This supports the Study conducted by Incorrect phrasing Correctness

Townsley (1998) which states that belief
(culture), knowledge and skills in fishermen
communities are generally a process that is
carried from generation to generation.

274. Furthermore, the null hypothesis which Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

states that there is no significant
relationship between the types of fishing
gear used and the level of implementation
was rejected with .01 level of significance.

275. which states Wordy sentences Clarity

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276. was rejected Passive voice misuse Clarity

277. The respondents who used fishing Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

netperceived a higher level of
implementation along protection and
conservation of fisheries and aquatic
resources (r=.239), rewards and benefits
(r=.227) and overall implementation (r=.209).

278. It may also mean that the respondents who Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
usually used fishing cage perceived to have a
lower level of implementation along
enforcement of rights and privileges of
fisheries and enforcement of regulation.

279. . This Improper formatting Correctness

280. This Intricate text Clarity

281. suggest → suggests Faulty subject-verb Correctness

agreement

282. being implemented Passive voice misuse Clarity

283. This suggest that some residents may feel Unclear sentences Clarity
that these rights and privileges are not being
implemented fairly and that they may be
benefiting only a select few within the
community.

284. This Intricate text Clarity

285. This corroborates the Study conducted by Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

Scott (1993) which states that the resources
are exchanged in patron-client relationships
reflect the needs arising from each party as
well as typical coastal community.

286. are exchanged Passive voice misuse Clarity

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287. This corroborates the Study conducted by Unclear sentences Clarity

Scott (1993) which states that the resources
are exchanged in patron-client relationships
reflect the needs arising from each party as
well as typical coastal community.

288. the level of Wordy sentences Clarity

289. Table 13 displays the relationship between Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

the level of awareness on fisheries and
aquatic resource management and the level
of implementation on fisheries and aquatic
resource management as perceived by the
respondents.

290. relationships → relationship Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

291. The hypothesis which states that "the level Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
of awareness on fisheries and aquatic
resource management and the level of
implementation on fisheries and aquatic
resource management" is rejected.

292. which Wordy sentences Clarity

293. It also shows that there is a significant Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

relationship between of the various areas of
the overall level of awareness on fisheries
and aquatic resource management and the
level of implementation on fisheries and
aquatic resource management.

294. It also shows that there is a significant Unclear sentences Clarity

relationship between of the various areas of
the overall level of awareness on fisheries
and aquatic resource management and the
level of implementation on fisheries and
aquatic resource management.

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295. Hence, this Study rejects the null hypothesis Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
posted in this Study which states that there
is no significant relationship between level of
awareness on fisheries and aquatic resource
management and the level of implementation
on fisheries and aquatic resource
management.

296. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

297. Results yielded that a higher level of Unclear sentences Clarity

awareness among respondents correlates
with more effective implementation on
fisheries and aquatic resource management.

298. regulation → regulations Incorrect noun number Correctness

299. Furthermore, as demonstrated by Aswani et. Unclear sentences Clarity

al. (2015), when local communities
understand the ecological and economic
benefits of sustainable fisheries, they are
more likely to participate actively in
management efforts.

300. , AND Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

301. , and Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

302. On Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

303. On Age. A great percentage (45 or 25.9%) of Paragraph can be Clarity

the respondents belong to the age bracket of perfected
45-54 years old.

304. The great, or A great Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

305. of the Wordy sentences Clarity

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306. great → significant Word choice Engagement

307. A great number (48 or 27.6%) of Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

therespondents are high school graduate.

308. On Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

309. great → significant Word choice Engagement

310. for Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

311. the Number Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

312. great → significant Word choice Engagement

313. A great number (73 or 42.0%) of Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

therespondentshave fishing, for 30-39 years.

314. On Type of Fishing Vessel Used. Great Paragraph can be Clarity

majority (`135 or 77.6%) of the respondents perfected
used bamboo raft/rakit as fishing vessel.

315. Great majority (134 or 77.0%) of the Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

respondents used fishing net as fishing gear.

316. Great majority (134 or 77.0%) of the Unclear sentences Clarity

respondents used fishing net as fishing gear.

317. the Level Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

318. on Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

319. the Enforcement Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

320. the enforcement Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

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321. OnFisher → On Fisher Misspelled words Correctness

322. The overall level of awareness on Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

enforcement of regulation is "High".

323. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

324. 3.45, Incorrect punctuation Correctness

325. the Level Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

326. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

327. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

328. the Enforcement Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

329. OnFisher → On Fisher Misspelled words Correctness

330. As a whole, the level of implementation on Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

fisheries and aquatic resource management
obtained a overall mean rating of 3.24
described as "Moderate".

331. the Relationship Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

332. The null hypothesis which states that there Paragraph can be Clarity
is no significant relationship between the perfected
profile of the respondents and the level of
awareness was rejected specifically on
highest educational attainment (r=-.180)
and types of fishing gear used (.240).

333. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

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334. The null hypothesis which states that there Paragraph can be Clarity
is no significant relationship between the perfected
profile of the respondents and the level of
implementation was rejected at .01 level
specifically on highest educational
attainment (. -252) and types of fishing gear
used (,209).

335. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

336. on → of Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

337. The null hypothesis which states that there Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
is no significant relationship between the
overall level of awareness on fisheries and
aquatic resource management and the level
of implementation on fisheries and aquatic
resource management was rejected based
on the results of correlation with computed
…

338. are drawn Passive voice misuse Clarity

339. male → males Incorrect noun number Correctness

340. raft → rafts Incorrect noun number Correctness

341. cage → cages Incorrect noun number Correctness

342. , middle-aged Incorrect punctuation Correctness

343. a minimal Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

344. The fisherfolk of barangays. Mindoro and San Paragraph can be Clarity
Pedro in Vigan City are well-versed on The perfected
City fisheries and aquatic resource
management.

345. is not strictly executed Passive voice misuse Clarity

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346. , and Incorrect punctuation Correctness

347. reflect → reflects Faulty subject-verb Correctness

agreement

348. of → in Wrong or missing Correctness

prepositions

349. management. Closing punctuation Correctness

350. the regulatory Determiner use Correctness

(a/an/the/this, etc.)

351. , while → . At the same time, Hard-to-read text Clarity

352. are better equipped Passive voice misuse Clarity

353. execution of Fisheries Incorrect phrasing Correctness

354. execution → . Incorrect noun number Correctness

355. execution. Closing punctuation Correctness

356. is hereby Incorrect verb forms Correctness

357. The City Government of Vigan may equip Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
knowledge on local policies that concern the
residents by providing more seminars or
training such responsible fishing.

358. A collaborative effortaims disseminating the Ungrammatical sentence Correctness

Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management
to the coastal communities in Vigan may be
considered to include theDENR, CENRO,
Fishermen Org., academe, coastguard,
residents and other stakeholders to improve
the awareness of the fisherfolks` about the
FARM p…

359. be considered Passive voice misuse Clarity

360. the use of → using Wordy sentences Clarity

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361. The City Government of Vigan may consider Ungrammatical sentence Correctness
developing and implementing awareness
campaigns through various strategies
including partnership with the academe to
educate fishermen on sustainable fishing
practices, conservation of marine resources
and the benefits of artificial reef
maintenance.

362. capacity-building Confused words Correctness

363. , and Comma misuse within Correctness

clauses

364. Desideration Incorrect noun number Correctness

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