TECHNICAL

MANUAL
VERSION 11

7: INTERNAL WALLS
7.
Contents
Functional Requirements
7.1 Masonry
7.2 Timber Stud

Internal 7.3
7.4
Metal Stud
General Requirements - Cavity Barriers and Fire Stopping
Walls
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Limitations of Functional Requirements Design

1. These Functional Requirements do not and will not apply to create any policy liability for any remedial 1. Internal walls shall be designed and constructed so that they:
works carried out by the contractor or otherwise, nor to any materials used in those remedial works a. Are structurally sound;
2. The guidance provided in this Section, is guidance that provides a suggested solution to meeting the b. Have adequate resistance to the effects of fire and surface spread of flame.
Functional Requirements. If an alternative solution is selected, then this must still meet the Functional c. Are durable and resistant to moisture;
Requirements. d. Provide suitable surfaces to receive a range of finishes.
3. Means of escape, passive and active systems are not covered by the Warranty unless specifically 2. Separating and compartment walls shall be designed and constructed so that they:
identified in the appropriate ‘Building Part’ section. a. Have adequate resistance to the spread of fire between buildings;
b. Have adequate resistance to the passage of sound between buildings.
3. Separating walls between the dwelling area and garage within a Housing Unit shall be designed and
Workmanship constructed so that they:
a. Have adequate resistance to the spread of fire between garage, and dwelling area;
1. Any multiple occupancy building (which includes flats /apartment accommodation) must have fire b. Have an adequate thermal performance.
stopping and cavity barriers completed by a third-party approved contractor, or have a suitable quality 4. The design and specifications shall provide a clear indication of the design intent and demonstrate a
assurance process provided to evidence the installation of the fire stopping and cavity barriers. This is satisfactory level of performance.
applicable to all floor levels of a building that has a floor 4.5m above the lowest external ground level. 5. The following additional elements shall be supported by structural calculations designed by an Engineer:
2. All workmanship must be within the tolerance requirements set out in this Technical Manual. a. Structural elements outside the parameters of Building Regulations.
3. All work is to be carried out by a technically competent person in a workmanlike manner. b. Specialist structural works.
4. Concreting shall not take place during cold weather periods where the working temperature is below 2°C c. Reinforced concrete elements.
or where ground conditions are frozen. d. Precast structural elements.
e. Any engineered beams/posts manufactured off-site.
6. Damp proofing works should prevent any external moisture passing into the internal environment of the
Materials building.
7. Projects consisting of Non-standard/Modern methods of construction must be supported with evidence
1. All materials should be stored, installed and protected correctly in a manner that will not cause damage or of valid independent third party product conformity certification before an offer of Warranty is provided.
deterioration of the product. These types of constructions must be declared before commencement.
2. All materials, products and building systems shall be appropriately tested and approved for their intended
purpose.
3. All load bearing structural elements providing support to the Home will have a service life of not less
than 60 years, unless specifically agreed otherwise with us. All other parts of the Home will have a lesser
durability and need planned maintenance, repair or replacement during that reduced period.
4. Timber should be adequately treated or finished to resist insect attacks and be suitable for the position
used within the structure. All timber treatment should be in accordance with relevant British standards and
Codes of Practice.
5. Timber used in the building to provide support to the structure must be appropriately seasoned to prevent
excessive shrinkage and movement.
6. All materials should be suitable for the relative exposure of the building in accordance with the relevant
British Standards.
7. Reclaimed materials may only be reused with the prior agreement with the Warranty Surveyor.
Independent certification and/or testing of the suitability may be required.

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 180 Internal Walls

7.
Internal
7.1
Masonry

Walls
7.1.1 MASONRY: Internal masonry walls

Provision of information Internal non-loadbearing walls

A full set of design drawings and specifications shall be made available to the Warranty Provider and all other interested
parties prior to the associated works starting on site. This may include:

▪ Floor plans indicating the positions of internal walls - load-bearing and non-load-bearing.
▪ Specifications relating to the proposed construction of internal walls and formation of openings including lintels.
▪ Site specific supporting calculations confirming design loading where required.
▪ Details of proposed fire stopping and cavity barriers.
▪ Details relating to service penetrations.

The Warranty surveyor, at their discretion, may also request supporting information that demonstrates suitability for use of
any materials or systems contained within the above. Roof ceiling
construction

Internal loading bearing walls Omit final course until the

roof tiling is completed

Partition

It is advisable to erect non-load bearing walls after the roof tiling has been completed thus allowing deflection to take place
under dead load, thereby reducing the risk of cracking appearing in the ceiling finishes. If partitions are of brick or block, then
Walls should not be supported off alternatively the final course can be omitted until roof tiling has been completed.
timber joists and should be retained at
floor level.

Damp proof course (DPC) and damp proof membrane (DPM)

Upper floor construction
Where an internal wall is built off a foundation continuity of the DPM must be achieved.

The internal wall should have a DPC, which is at least the width of the internal wall and linked with the DPM by a minimum of
Internal masonry walls should be fully 100mm.
Lintels over openings in masonry bonded or tied to adjacent external
walls must be suitable for the walls.
span and loading, and be to
manufacturers recommendations. Foundations
Timber lintels must not be used. Internal masonry walls must be of
the correct minimum compressive
strength for the intended use (see the Below ground, load-bearing walls must be supported using a suitable foundation. Where the upper floors are supported by a
relevant Building Regulations). suitable beam or lintel, the load should be adequately transferable to the foundations. All structural masonry walls should be
provided with foundations.

Masonry load bearing partitions are to

A DPC is to be provided
and linked to the floor DPM.
be supported off suitable foundations. Compressive strength
Please refer to the ‘Foundations’
section for further guidance.
The varying strengths of bricks and blocks mean that they have to be chosen in accordance with the proposed use of the
building. The recommended strengths of bricks and blocks to be used in buildings up to three storeys high are found in
Ground floor construction ‘Appendix C - Materials, Products, and Building Systems’ and the relevant Building Regulations.

Foundation construction Lateral restraint

Note:
▪ Internal partitions should not be supported by compressible layers forming part of a floating floor unless suitable for that Lateral restraint is to be provided for load-bearing walls and separating walls at each floor level and the ceiling level below a
purpose. roof.
▪ Internal partitions between bedrooms or rooms containing WC’s and other rooms, must achieve adequate sound
resistance.
▪ Internal masonry partitions should have a minimum density of 600kg/m³ and finished both sides with 13mm of plaster.

Additional requirements may apply for Building Regulations compliance. Please refer to the relevant Building Regulations.

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 182 Internal Walls

7.1.2 MASONRY: Internal masonry walls continued

Bonding and tying Method of supporting partitions

Where a separating wall abuts an external wall, they may be tied or bonded together. Tied joints should be formed using Masonry partitions should be supported on one of the following:
expanded metal strip, wall ties or equivalent fixings, at maximum 300mm vertical centres.
▪ A suitable foundation.
▪ Other masonry partitions or walls (wherever conceivable, the design of buildings should be such that the first floor
masonry partitions are an extension of those on the ground floor).
▪ Structural concrete floors.
▪ Steel or concrete beams.

It may be necessary to use padstones at bearings where steel or concrete beams are to be used.

Masonry partitions should not be supported by timber joists or beams.

Allowance for the probable deflection of floors at the head of partitions is required to prevent the partition becoming
load-bearing. Allowance should be given in the design for the relatively flexible nature of the timber and the rigid nature of
masonry.

Walls and partitions that are supported off structural floors, should not be built directly off a compressible layer forming part of
a floating floor system.

Minimum masonry thickness to achieve fire resistance

Material 1/2 hour FR 1 hour FR

Brick 90mm thickness 90mm thickness
Block 90mm thickness 90mm thickness
Block bonding internal Block bonding internal
masonry walls to inner leaf walls to inner leaf using ties
All internal, separating and compartment walls should have the fire resistance required by the Building Regulations.

Where the external wall cavity needs to be closed at the junction with the separating wall with a flexible cavity stop, but not if Penetrations in fire resisting masonry construction must be designed to meet the requirements of the Building Regulations.
the cavity is fully filled with built-in insulation (where permitted).
Fire stopping in apartments and flats with a floor over 4.5m will have additional requirements. Please see ‘Internal Walls -
General Requirements - Cavity Barrier and Fire Stopping’ for further guidance.
Beams and lintels
Beams and lintels shall be satisfactory for their purpose.
Fire doors
Items to be taken into account include:
Where an internal wall is required to fulfil a fire resisting function, any fire door installed in it must maintain the period of fire
▪ Loads and spans are in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. resistance of the internal wall and the following must be satisfied:
▪ Wall and cavity thicknesses.
▪ Bearing capacity of the masonry supporting the lintel or beam. ▪ The fire door and frame must be installed as a combined tested fire door set and not made from either different untested
components or components from different products which were not tested together.
Steel beams should be designed by an Engineer and should have appropriate fire resistance to meet the requirements of the ▪ Proof of fire test performance to be available to demonstrate meeting the requirements of the relevant Building
relevant Building Regulations. Regulations.
▪ Suitable approved linear gap sealing systems must be utilised to protect the frame and supporting construction gap.
Where steel beams and columns are used on a project in a coastal location, please follow the requirements for additional These should be applied subject to the conditions contained in the relevant fire test certification.
corrosion protection ‘Appendix B - Coastal Locations’. ▪ The fire door must be installed as per manufacturer’s instructions.

Fire doors between a dwelling and attached/integral garage must be half-hour fire resisting, be fitted with a self-closer and
Materials also meet the above requirements.
Concrete or steel lintels are appropriate for use in masonry walls. Support for masonry should not be provided by timber lintels. It is recommended that third party accredited installers are used as this provides a means of ensuring that installations have
been conducted by knowledgeable contractors and are to appropriate standards.
Concrete lintels should extend beyond each end of openings in masonry as follows:

Span (m) Minimum length of bearing (mm) Openings for pipes and ducts in fire resisting walls
Up to 1.2 100
Pipes and ducts which pass internally through fire resisting walls (unless in a protected shaft) must not compromise the
Over 1.2 150 required fire resistance of the element through which they pass. As a minimum, openings through walls should be as few as
possible in number, as small as practicable in size and fire-stopped to the surrounding construction.
▪ Steel lintels should comply with the manufacturers installation guidance. For pipes and ducts passing through compartment walls, guidance supporting the relevant Building Regulations will need to
▪ Where structurally necessary, provide padstones under the bearings of lintels and beams. be consulted for additional provisions.
▪ Beams and lintels should bear on a full masonry unit.
▪ Non-load bearing partitions shall have acceptable strength and be adequately supported.

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 183 Internal Walls

7.1.3 MASONRY: Party walls and compartment walls

Sound insulation Fire stopping at roof level between party walls

Internal separating walls shall, where necessary, have adequate resistance to the transmission of sound.

All separating walls in England and Wales may be built in accordance with Robust Details and meet the requirements for Fire-stop between the
Resistance to the passage of sound in the relevant Building Regulations. Compliance with the relevant Building Regulations battens and above the
can be demonstrated by either: underlay

Pre-completion testing Cavity barrier of mineral

Pre-completion testing (PCT) is required in the following situations: wool or fire-resisting board
in boxed eaves
▪ To all new build properties (including rooms for residential purposes), other than when the Developer has registered and
built in accordance with Robust Details.
▪ Where the sound insulation construction is in accordance with the guidance given in the relevant Building Regulations for Fire-stop below underlay
resistance to the passage of sound.
▪ Where the building is not built in accordance with the relevant Building Regulations. Vertical cavity barrier
▪ The requirements of the Robust Details system have not been met. omitted for clarity
or

Robust details
The use of robust details as a means of providing adequate sound insulation applies only to party walls and floors between
different dwellings or flats. It is approved by Robust Details Ltd.
Cavity closed at eaves
The robust design details are available in a handbook, which can be purchased from:

Robust Details Ltd, Unit 14, Shenley Pavilions, Chalkdell Drive, Shenley Wood, Milton Keynes, MK5 6LB
Tel 0870 240 8210

www.robustdetails.com

Robust Details Ltd may undertake monitoring to check on the performance achieved in practice. Fire stopping should be provided in accordance with the relevant Building Regulations.

▪ Party/separating walls should be finished 25mm below the top of the rafter line and a soft fire-resistant packing, such as
mineral wool, should be used to allow for movement in roof timbers and prevent distortion of the roof tiles.
Wall ties for cavity separating walls ▪ The fire stopping should be continuous to eaves level and a cavity barrier of fire-resisting board or a wire reinforced
mineral wool blanket nailed to the rafter and carefully cut to fully seal the boxed eaves should be installed.
To provide structural stability, the two leaves of a masonry cavity separating wall should normally be tied together.

Sound transmission across the cavity should be limited by the type of tie and spacing.

Ties should be specified in accordance with the System Designer’s recommendations for separating walls. The type of tie Fire resistance
and spacing should limit sound transmission across the cavity.
Typically, in buildings, a half-hour or one-hour fire-resistance from both sides is required to satisfy the relevant Building
To limit sound transmission, metal tie straps should be: Regulations with regard to fire separation between buildings and/or compartments within buildings.
▪ No more than 3mm thick. Compartment walls that are common to two or more buildings should run the full height of the building in a continuous vertical
▪ Fixed below ceiling level. plane and should be continued through the roof space.
▪ Spaced at least 1.2m apart horizontally.
Where a compartment wall meets another external wall or floor junction fire resistance should be maintained.
Thicker ties, fixed at ceiling level or more closely spaced, will increase sound transmission through the cavity.

Chases in party walls Fire stopping within the cavity on the party wall line
Chases in masonry walls for service pipes and cables should be avoided. Where unavoidable, chases should:

▪ Only be made in solid masonry (not hollow blocks). Party wall

▪ A horizontal chase must not exceed 1/6 the thickness of the single leaf.
▪ A vertical chase must not exceed 1/3 the thickness of the wall.
▪ Electric sockets should be staggered either side of a party wall.
Insulation omitted
for clarity

Third-party approved
insulated firestop

External wall

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 184 Internal Walls

7.1.4 MASONRY: Single skin party wall spandrel panels in cold roofs

Single party wall spandrel panels on masonry walls in a cold roof space Figure 1 - Typical head arrangement
Spandrel panel construction
Spandrel panels are generally a softwood structural frame with head and soleplates with vertical studs at 600 centres. The Roof trusses
typical section sizes are 47mm x 72mm where joints are plated and 38mm x 89mm where joints are nailed. The designer
should provide supporting calculations for the design of the spandrel panel upon request.

Fire resistance
Fire resistance should be provided on a site-by-site basis; however generally for party walls a minimum of 60 minutes’ fire Timber ledger - Fixed to a
resistance from both sides is required. Plasterboard should be fixed at a minimum of 300 centres with plasterboard screws, minimum 2 vertical studs
the screws should penetrate a minimum of 25mm into the timber studs, and joints of the plasterboard should be over timber
studs or noggins and staggered.
Bracing section extending
In the case of a fire the party wall the spandrel panels should be designed to remain in place should one side of the roof a minimum of 3 trusses
structure be burnt away, as a result party wall spandrel panels should be restrained from both sides. and fixed to the top of the
timber ledger
Party wall spandrel panels for ease of handling may consist of a number of panels, it is important that these panels are
suitably jointed as not to impair the required fire resistance of the panel. Fire stopping should also be provided above the
panel between the roofing membrane and in between the battens, the fire stopping should continue into the boxed soffits.
Spandrel panel
General considerations
Below are some general considerations for party wall spandrel panels:

▪ Fire resistance should be provided on a site-by-site basis; however generally for party walls a minimum of 60 minutes,
should be achieved.
▪ Plasterboard should be fixed at a minimum of 300 centres with plasterboard screws, the screws should penetrate a Head restraint may be achieved through timber bracing. Requirements for the spandrel panel head restraint are as follows:
minimum of 25mm into the timber studs, joints of the plasterboard should be over timber studs or noggins and staggered.
▪ Spandrel panels should provide suitable sound resistance. In a cold roof where masonry party walls are used in ▪ Lateral bracing at a maximum 2m centres.
conjunction with a single piece panel, the masonry walls should extend a minimum of 300mm above the ceiling line and ▪ Minimum bracing section 25mm x 100mm, fixed using 2 x 3.35mm x 65mm galvanised wire nails to top edge of the
incorporate suitable fire stopping to close the cavity. Party walls should be constructed in accordance with robust details timber ledger.
or sound tested. ▪ Timber ledger minimum section 45mm x72mm and minimum length 900mm.
▪ Party wall spandrel panels should be fixed to the head of the wall this can be achieved with the use of vertical restraint ▪ Timber ledger screw-fixed with minimum100mm-long screws to at least two vertical studs within the panel.
straps at centres specified by the designer. These are typically placed at a minimum of 1200mm centres and face fixed to ▪ Lateral bracing should be fixed to a minimum of three trusses. (Note: 3.1mmmachine nails may be used in lieu of3.35mm
coincide with stud positions. The strap length should ensure a minimum of two fixings into the panel framework and three standard wire nails).
fixings into the blockwork, into a minimum of 2 blocks (See figure 5).
▪ The panel should also be restrained at roof level this should be on both sides of the panel and should be in accordance
with the design typically at 2m centres. Common methods of achieving this are; fixing a timber ledger to the face of
the spandrel panel to at least 2 vertical studs and fixing a timber to the top of the timber ledger, which extends back
over a minimum of three trusses at 2m centres. Or using restraint straps at 2m centres (this may commonly need to be Figure 2 - Alternate head arrangement
increased to 1.8m centres to coincide with the vertical studs) fixed to vertical studs within the panel and extending back
over three trusses, these straps should be supported by noggins in between the truss (see figure 1 and 2). The restraint
should not impair the fire resistance of the panel. Noggings
▪ As with a masonry cavity, fire stopping should be provided at the head of the spandrel panel and be continuous into the
soffit area (see figure 3).
Restraint strap - Fixed
over three trusses and
Acoustic requirements the end fixed into vertical
studs within spandrel
Spandrel panels should meet the relevant Building Regulations. If robust details are being used it is important that the panel
construction of the party wall is in conjunction with the robust details.

Spandrel panel
Weather protection
Any impervious weather protection should be removed sufficiently to allow the panels to breathe.

Fire stopping
Fire stopping is required between the top of the spandrel panel and the roof covering and in the batten space. It is important
that the fire stopping is extended into any boxed eaves. Where the spandrel panel is sat on a masonry wall fire stopping is
required between the panel and the wall. Head restraint may be achieved through metal restraint straps. Requirements for the spandrel panel head restraint are as
follows:

▪ Lateral bracing to be fitted at apex and along rafters and ceiling joists maximum two-metre centres (no more than 1.25m
centres for dwellings over three storeys or over two storeys in Scotland).
▪ Minimum 38mm x 63mm noggings fixed between at least three trusses.
▪ Metal restraint strap fixed to noggings with eight 3.75mm x 30mm square twisted nails evenly spaced.
▪ End of metal restraint strap to be screw-fixed to studwork within spandrel with minimum 50mm-long screws.

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 185 Internal Walls

7.1.5 MASONRY: Single skin party wall spandrel panels in cold roofs continued

Figure 3 - Fire stopping at the head of the panel Figure 5 - Foot detail of a single panel party wall spandrel panel on a masonry wall

Compressible mineral
wool fire stopping

Fire stopping
Fire stopping should Resilient fire stopping up
be continued in the to the underside of the Holding down straps Minimum
batten space roof covering 300mm

▪ Spandrel head at a minimum of 50mm below the truss head.

▪ Mineral wool quilt placed below the underlay felt as a fire stop.
▪ Fire stopping should continue into boxed eaves. Mineral wool quilt placed above underlay felt and laid between battens
from eaves to ridge. Lateral restraint straps to masonry wall
Masonry party wall extending at 1200mm centres, on both sides of
a minimum of 300mm above the wall, fixed to noggings between at
the ceiling line least three trusses using four 3.75mm
x 30mm square twist nails.
Figure 4 - Panel connections
▪ The masonry should extend a minimum of 300mm above the ceiling line.
▪ The blockwork should provide continuous support for the panel.
▪ The masonry cavity should be fire stopped.
▪ The bottom edge of the panel should be sealed with a compressible rock fibre quilt.
▪ Holding down straps should be provided to the spandrel panel at a minimum of 1200mm centres and face fixed to
coincide with stud positions.
▪ The holding down strap length should ensure a minimum of two fixings into the panel framework and three fixings into the
blockwork into a minimum of 2 blocks.
▪ Restraint should be provided to the top of the masonry party wall using lateral restraint straps at 1200mm centres, on both
sides of the wall, fixed to noggins between at least three trusses using a minimum of four 3.75mm x 30mm square twist
nails. The straps should be fixed to wall with a minimum of three fixings.

▪ Joints should be backed by timber.

▪ Where panels are butt jointed cover strip should be fitted. The correct lapping must be to the manufactures requirements
to achieve adequate fire resistance, generally the cover strip should be a minimum of 150mm wide.
▪ The cover strips should provide the same fire resistance as the rest of the wall.·Each cover strip should be independently
fixed and the joints of the cover strip should be staggered.
▪ Fixings should penetrate the timber by a minimum of 25mm.

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 186 Internal Walls

7.
Internal
7.2
Timber Stud

Walls
7.2.1 TIMBER STUD: Internal timber partitions

Provision of information Damp proof course (DPC) and damp proof membrane (DPM)
A full set of design drawings and specifications shall be made available to the Warranty Provider and all other interested Where partitions are placed onto concrete round floors a DPC should be provided directly below regardless of if there is a
parties prior to the associated works starting on site. This may include: DPM beneath the slab.

▪ Floor plans indicating the positions of internal walls - load-bearing and non-load-bearing. Note:
▪ Specifications relating to the proposed construction of internal walls and formation of openings including lintels.
▪ Site specific supporting calculations confirming design loading where required. 1. Internal partitions should not be supported by compressible layers forming part of a floating floor unless suitable for that
▪ Details of proposed fire stopping and cavity barriers. purpose.
▪ Details relating to service penetrations. 2. Internal framed partitions between bedrooms or rooms containing WC’s and other rooms, must achieve adequate sound
resistance.
The Warranty surveyor, at their discretion, may also request supporting information that demonstrates suitability for use of
any materials or systems contained within the above.
Load-bearing timber walls and partitions
Internal timber partitions (load bearing and non load bearing) Load-bearing timber internal walls are to be designed to provide support and transfer loads to foundations safely and without
undue movement.

The structural design of load-bearing timber walls should be in accordance with BS EN 1995-1-1.
The structural design of ‘load bearing’
timber walls should be to BS EN 1995-1-1 Structural timber should be specified according to the strength classes, e.g. C16 or C24.

Load-bearing partitions should be designed by an Engineer.

Structural elements of load bearing partitions

Lintel or cripple studs to be
provided to door openings Typically, individual studs, sills and head plates are to be 38mm x 75mm. Larger timber section sizes are required to achieve
satisfactory levels of fire resistance. 38mm x 89mm are common for low rise housing in the UK. Studs should be spaced at
maximum 600mm centres.
Timber studs to be at a
maximum 600m centres
Lintels and studs
Timber floor joist midspan
noggins (when required) A lintel and cripple studs are to be provided to any opening other than where the stud spacing is not affected. Traditionally,
multiple studs will be used to support multiple joists.

Where internal walls are made-up of panels, structural continuity is to be maintained, for example through the use of a
continuous top binder.

Framing joints need to be secured with a minimum of two nails per joint.

Noggins under Doubled joists under Beams and lintels

partition (in addition partition position
to any required for (where parallel to
span) joists) Beams and lintels shall be satisfactory for their purpose.

Items to be taken into account include:

Non load bearing timber Load bearing timber stud walls
partitions sat on the ground should be designed by a Structural ▪ Loads and spans are in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
floor should be sat on a DPC Engineer and safely transfer the ▪ Wall thicknesses.
load to the foundation ▪ Bearing capacity of the wall construction supporting the lintel or beam.
Note: Studs, headers, and mid
supports should be at least
38x63mm in size (38x75mm for
load bearing studs)

Masonry load bearing DPC to be provided

sub-structure. and linked to floor
DPM

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 188 Internal Walls

7.2.2 TIMBER STUD: Internal timber partitions continued

Timber stud partitions Support of heavy timber fixtures

Roof timber
truss

Head plate
fixed to
joists

Head Internal
External max finish
Heavy fixture (radiator etc.)
wall 600mm
centres Internal
partition Additional noggins or plywood
wall sheathing provided to support
heavy fixtures
Door
opening Sound
insulation

Bottom Jamb
plate

Folding wedges Studs at When using full height boards, Double joists
or packing as max 600mm provide noggins at mid height under partition
required centres to stiffen timber studs wall Where partitions are to support heavy items such as radiators or kitchen cupboards, additional noggins or plywood sheathing
should be provided within the stud partition to accommodate fixings.

Partition construction Method of supporting partitions

The following partition constructions are satisfactory: Walls and partitions are to be supported by the structural floor, only if the material is specifically manufactured for that
purpose; it is not to be supported by a floating floor that incorporates a compressible layer.
▪ Loading bearing timber stud partitions using studs, sills and head plates nominally 75mm x 38mm.
▪ Non load bearing timber stud partitions using studs, sills and plates nominally 63mm x 38mm.* Extra noggins or joists should be specified where stud partitions or proprietary plasterboard partitions are supported by a
▪ Maximum 450mm spacing for 9.5mm boards. timber floor, unless it can be shown that the deck can transfer the load without undue movement. Allowance for the probable
▪ Maximum 600mm spacing for 12.5mm-20mm boards. deflection of floors at the head of partitions is required to prevent the partition becoming load-bearing.

Partitions should be robust and form a smooth, stable, plane surface to receive decoration: Head and sole plates should consist of single length members fixed to the building structure at no less than 600mm centres.

▪ Supporting members should be accurately spaced, aligned and levelled. Partitions should be located on double joists when parallel to floor joist span and nailed to 50mm x 50mm noggins fixed
▪ The tolerance of horizontal straightness of a partition should be +/-10mm over a 5m length. between ceiling joists at 600mm centres when parallel to ceiling joist span. For short lengths of partitions (1.2m maximum),
▪ The deviation in vertical alignment of a partition in any storey height should be +/-10mm. blocking between joists at 600mm centres may be used. Intersecting head and sole plates should be skew nailed together.
▪ Timbers supporting plasterboard should be regularised and have a moisture content not greater than 20% at the time of
erection (lower moisture contents can reduce incidents of nail popping and other effects of shrinkage). Timber members should be fixed together with a minimum of 2 No. 75mm long x 2.65mm diameter nails. Proprietary
partitions of plasterboard, strawboard or other material must be detailed and constructed in accordance with the
* Note: Stud partitions should be no less than 38mm wide and no less than 63mm thick (up to a maximum partition height manufacturer’s recommendations.
of 2.4m), and 89mm thick up to a maximum partition height of 3m. However, in order to accommodate tolerances for
plasterboard fixing, a minimum width of 44mm is recommended. Walls and partitions that are supported off structural floors, should not be built directly off a compressible layer forming part of
a floating floor system.

The use of oak in the external wall construction

Green oak, air dried (seasoned)/kin dried oak is not acceptable in the external wall construction, frame, window/door
construction, internal wall or roof constructions, regardless of whether it forms part of the weather proof envelope or not.
Projects incorporating such oak will not be acceptable for Warranty cover except where described in ‘Appendix C - Materials,
Products, and Building Systems’ of this Manual.

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 189 Internal Walls

7.2.3 TIMBER STUD: Plasterboard specification

Internal plastering Plasterboard joints and fixings

Internal plastering should comply with BS EN 3914-2.
Board thickness Timber support centres (mm) Intermediate noggins required
Plasterboard should be to BS EN 520: Gypsum plasterboards - Definitions, requirements and test methods.
9.5mm 400mm No
Plasterboard thickness should be: 450mm Yes
▪ 9.5mm for stud spacing up to 450mm. 12.5mm 400mm No
▪ 12.5mm for stud spacing up to 600mm.
450mm No
Fixing of plasterboard to studs at joint positions 600mm Yes
15mm 600mm No

When fixing plaster boarding:

▪ Fix with decorative side out to receive joint treatment or a skim plaster finish.
▪ Lightly butt boards together and never force boards into position.
▪ Install fixings no closer than 13mm from cut edges and 10mm from bound edges.
▪ Position cut edges to internal angles whenever possible, removing paper burrs with fine sandpaper.
▪ Stagger horizontal and vertical board joints between layers by a minimum of 600mm.
6mm minimum ▪ Locate boards to the centre line of framing where this supports board edges or ends. Fix to timber studs using dry-wall
edge distance screws.
▪ When dry lining, plasterboard can be fixed to walls using adhesive dabs or by screwing to timber battens.

10mm bound edges Note: Where adhesive dabs are used, the plasterboard manufacturers recommendations must be followed.
13mm unbound edges
Alternatively, a proprietary wall system can be used, providing it has full third-party accreditation. Gaps between boards
should not exceed 3mm and consideration should be given to sealing all gaps to improve building air tightness.
Up to a 3mm gap to cut edges of
plasterboard, bound edge slightly butted
Minimum periods of fire resistance
Plasterwork Material ½ hour FR 1 hour FR
This guidance covers all plastered finishes to walls and ceilings. The workmanship of plastered finishes should be applied Plasterboard on 12.5mm board on both Two layers of 12.5mm board on both sides of framing or proprietary fire
to a certain standard to receive a suitable decorative finish. It should be durable enough to prevent surface cracking and, timber sides of framing boards (typically 12.5mm-15mm) on both sides of framing
if applicable as part of the whole element, meet the required levels of fire and sound insulation in accordance with current
Building Regulations. Plasterboard on 12.5mm laminated on both Refer to manufacturers recommendations
laminated wall sides of 19mm board
Substrate and background
All internal, separating and compartment walls should have the fire resistance required by the relevant Building Regulations.
Plasterwork should be applied to suitable substrates. The substrate may also require additional sealing or bonding agents, in
accordance with the requirements set out in BS 8481.
Fire doors
Where the background has a mix of varying materials, e.g. blockwork and brickwork, expanded metal should be provided to
prevent differential movement in the plaster finish. Where an internal wall is required to fulfil a fire resisting function, any fire door installed in it must maintain the period of fire
resistance of the internal wall and the following must be satisfied:
▪ The fire door and frame must be installed as a combined tested fire door set and not made from either different untested
Plaster mixes components or components from different products which were not tested together.
▪ Proof of fire test performance to be available to demonstrate meeting the requirements of the relevant Building
Plaster mix ratios should be in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and be appropriate for the intended use. Regulations.
▪ Whilst some gaps between the fire door frame and opening may be present, they should be kept to a minimum and
be no greater than the gaps stipulated in the fire test certification. Expanding fire foam which has relevant testing and
Minimum plaster thickness certification may be used to seal gaps up to 10mm.
▪ The fire door must be installed as per manufacturer’s instructions.
The thickness of plaster will vary depending on the evenness of the substrate. The finished element must meet the tolerances
identified, and be of a suitable quality so that a decorative finish can be applied. Please refer to the ‘Tolerances’ section for Fire doors between a dwelling and attached/integral garage must be half-hour fire resisting, be fitted with a self-closer and
further guidance. also meet the above requirements.

Plastering of plasterboard walls Openings for pipes and ducts in fire resisting walls
Plasterboard walls should be skimmed to provide a suitable and durable finish. A minimum of one coat is required. Pipes and ducts which pass internally through fire resisting walls (unless in a protected shaft) must not compromise the
required fire resistance of the element through which they pass. As a minimum, openings through walls should be as few as
possible in number, as small as practicable in size and fire-stopped to the surrounding construction.
Support of plasterboard
For pipes and ducts passing through compartment walls, guidance supporting the relevant Building Regulations will need to
Supports for plasterboard should be designed so that the following span limits are not exceeded. be consulted for additional provisions.

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 190 Internal Walls

7.2.4 TIMBER STUD: Party walls and compartment walls

Sound insulation Fire stopping at roof level between party walls Electrical sockets in party walls
Internal separating walls shall, where necessary, have adequate resistance to the Fire-stop between Electrical sockets within the party walls should be avoided where possible,
transmission of sound. batten and above where this is not possible the fire and sound resistance of the walls should be
underlay maintained.
All separating walls in England and Wales may be built in accordance with Robust
Details and meet the requirements for resistance to the passage of sound in the Sockets should not be installed back to back in party walls. Please refer to the
relevant Building Regulations. Fire stopping between ‘Electrical Services’ section for further guidance.
internal wall and roof
Compliance with the relevant Building Regulations can be demonstrated by either: membrane
Fire stopping
Pre-completion testing
Pre-completion testing (PCT) is required in the following situations: Where separating walls and compartment walls meet a roof, further guidance can
be found in the ‘Roofs’ section.
▪ To all new build properties (including rooms for residential purposes), other
than when the Developer has registered and built in accordance with Robust Penetrations in walls that are required to have fire resistance must be designed
Details. to meet the requirements of the Building Regulations. Fire stopping in apartments
▪ Where the sound insulation construction is in accordance with the guidance and flats with a floor over 4.5m will have additional requirements. Please see
given in the relevant Building Regulations for resistance to the passage of ‘Internal Walls - General Requirements - Cavity Barriers and Fire Stopping’ for
sound. further guidance.
▪ Where the building is not built in accordance with the relevant Building Head binder and top
Regulations. rail of wall frame Fire stopping should be provided in accordance with the relevant Building
▪ The requirements of the Robust Details system have not been met. Regulations.
or Vertical cavity barrier ▪ Party/separating walls should be finished 25mm below the top of the rafter
omitted for clarity. line and a soft fire-resistant packing, such as mineral wool, should be used to
Robust details allow for movement in roof timbers and prevent distortion of the roof tiles.
The use of robust details as a means of providing adequate sound insulation ▪ The fire stopping should be continuous to eaves level and a cavity barrier
applies only to party walls and floors between different dwellings or flats. It is Cavity barrier of mineral
wool or fire-resisting of fire-resisting board or a wire reinforced mineral wool blanket nailed to the
approved by Robust Details Ltd. rafter and carefully cut to fully seal the boxed eaves should be installed.
board in boxed eaves
The robust design details are available in a handbook, which can be purchased
from: Fire resistance
Robust Details Ltd, 14 Shenley Pavilions, Chalkdell Drive, Shenley Wood, Milton Fire stopping within the cavity on the party wall line Typically, in dwellings, a half-hour or one-hour fire-resistance is required to satisfy
Keynes, MK5 6LB the relevant Building Regulations with regard to fire separation between dwellings
Tel 0870 240 8210 and/or compartments within dwellings.
www.robustdetails.com Party wall
Compartment walls that are common to two or more buildings should run the
full height of the building in a continuous vertical plane and should be continued
Robust Details Ltd may undertake monitoring to check on the performance through the roof space.
achieved in practice.
Where a compartment wall meets another external wall or floor junction fire
resistance should be maintained.
Method of supporting partitions Fibre insulation
as specified in the All internal, separating and compartment walls should have the fire resistance
Walls and partitions are to be supported by the structural floor only if the material party wall voids filled required by the relevant Building Regulations.
is specifically manufactured for that purpose; it is not to be supported by a floating with mineral wool
floor that incorporates a compressible layer. insulation generally Penetrations in walls that are required to have fire resistance must be designed to
not less than10kg/m3 meet the requirements of the relevant Building Regulations.
Extra noggins or joists should be specified where stud partitions or proprietary
plasterboard partitions are supported by a timber floor, unless it can be shown Junction of element
that the deck can transfer the load without undue movement. firestopped with Flexible cavity
plasterboard linings barrier of wire
Allowance for the probable deflection of floors at the head of partitions is required reinforced mineral
to prevent the partition becoming load-bearing. wool or approved
cavity barrier

Sound resistance
Sound insulation
Internal walls shall, where necessary, have adequate resistance to the
transmission of sound.

All separating walls in England and Wales may be built in accordance with Robust
Details and meet the requirements for resistance to the passage of sound in the
relevant Building Regulations.

Note: cavity barriers should Sheathing with breather

be third party approved membrane over

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 191 Internal Walls

7.
Internal
7.3
Metal Stud

Walls
7.3.1 METAL STUD: Non load bearing internal metal partitions

Provision of Information Metal stud system

A full set of design drawings and specifications shall be made available to the Warranty Provider and all other interested There are a number of proprietary systems on the market. This traditionally consists of U-shaped channels that act as ceiling
parties prior to the associated works starting on site. This may include: (head), base plates (tracks) and the vertical studs. The advantage of this system is that it is lightweight, versatile and quick to
erect. Installation should always be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Plasterboard coverings are
▪ Floor plans indicating the positions of internal walls - load-bearing and non-load-bearing screw-fixed to the metal studs, with the perimeter studs/tracks generally being mechanically fixed to the surrounding walls,
▪ Specifications relating to the proposed construction of internal walls and formation of openings including lintels ceilings and floors. It may be necessary to provide earth-bonding to the metal stud system.
▪ Site specific supporting calculations confirming design loading where required
▪ Details of proposed fire stopping and cavity barriers
▪ Details relating to service penetrations

The Warranty surveyor, at their discretion, may also request supporting information that demonstrates suitability for use of
any materials or systems contained within the above.

The structural design of ‘load bearing’

walls should be to BS EN 1993

Metal stud partitions:

Lintels over openings to be to the stud manufacturers structural
design specification. ▪ Studs to be at 600mm max centres.
▪ Stud, head, and base rails to be minimum section size of
Studs to be at maximum 600mm centres as per manufacturers Partition base to be supported 43x32x0.45mm.
instructions. and fixed to floor supports ▪ Plasterboard 9.5mm thick (studs at 450mm centres) or
in accordance with the stud 12.5mm plasterboard (studs at 600mm centres).
manufacturers structural design
specification. If installed onto a Note:
Please refer to the appropriate upper floor construction details for party floor. Installation must be to
further guidance on midspan and additional strutting requirements. the sound insulation specification 1. Internal partitions should not be supported by compressible
for the project. layers forming part of a floating floor unless suitable for that
purpose.
2. Internal framed partitions between bedrooms or rooms
containing WC’s and other rooms, must achieve adequate
sound resistance.

Adequate support must be provided under the stud partitions Where joists run parallel to the partition:
within the floor construction. This may be in addition to any
internal strutting required. Partitions must be positioned directly over floor construction
members (not solely on floor boards). Additional joists may be
necessary in order to support the partition.

Masonry internal load bearing wall shown off a suitable foundation

if a structural metal stud load bearing wall is not provided.
A DPC is to be provided
and linked to the floor DPM.

Masonry load bearing partitions to be supported off suitable

foundations.

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 193 Internal Walls

7.3.2 METAL STUD: Partition construction

Support of heavy timber fixtures Metal stud partition (plan) Metal stud partition

Floor or ceiling joist

Metal channel studs cut to fit web to web and
twisted into position at 600mm centres Ceiling

Allowance for the probable

Architrave deflection of floors at the head
of partitions is required to
Door frame prevent the partition becoming
Heavy fixture or lining load-bearing.
(radiator etc.)
38mm thick Note: Fixings should not
Additional noggins or impair the deflection head
plywood sheathing fixing batten
Metal stud (including the fixing of finishes
provided to support e.g. plasterboard)
heavy fixtures Plasterboard facing screwed to
metal studs at 300mm centres
Head channel fixed to ceiling
at 600mm centres

Stud
Method of supporting partitions
Plasterboard facing screwed to
Walls and partitions are to be supported by the structural floor only if the material metal stud at 300mm centres
is specifically manufactured for that purpose; it is not to be supported by a floating
floor that incorporates a compressible layer.

Where additional loads will be applied to the walls e.g. radiators or kitchen Extra noggins or joists should be specified where stud partitions or proprietary
cabinets, these may require additional strengthening support as per the plasterboard partitions are supported by a timber floor, unless it can be shown
manufacturers guidance that the deck can transfer the load without undue movement.

Allowance for the probable deflection of floors at the head of partitions is required Cut-outs in studs for housing
to prevent the partition becoming load-bearing. services in void or cavity
Proprietary systems Head and sole plates should consist of single length members fixed to the
building structure at no less than 600mm centres. Sole channel
Proprietary systems are to be specified in accordance with the manufacturer’s Skirting boards
recommendations. Partitions should be located on double joists when parallel to floor joist span Floor finish
and nailed to 50mm x 50mm noggins fixed between ceiling joists at 600mm
centres when parallel to ceiling joist span. For short lengths of partitions (1.2m
Metal stud system maximum), blocking between joists at 600mm centres may be used. Intersecting 38mm fixing batten
head and sole plates should be fixed in accordance with the manufacturers
There are a number of proprietary systems on the market. recommendations.
This traditionally consists of U-shaped channels that act as ceiling (head), base Proprietary partitions of plasterboard, strawboard or other material must
plates (tracks) and the vertical studs. The advantage of this system is that it is be detailed and constructed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
lightweight, versatile and quick to erect. Installation should always be carried out recommendations.
in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Plasterboard coverings are
screw-fixed to the metal studs, with the perimeter studs/tracks generally being
mechanically fixed to the surrounding walls, ceilings and floors.

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 194 Internal Walls

7.3.3 METAL STUD: Plasterboard specifications

Internal plastering Plasterboard joints and fixings

Internal plastering should comply with BS EN 3914-2.
Board thickness Timber support centres (mm) Intermediate noggins required
Plasterboard should be to BS EN 520: Gypsum plasterboards - Definitions, requirements and test methods.
9.5mm 400mm No
Plasterboard thickness should be: 450mm Yes
▪ 9.5mm for stud spacing up to 450mm. 12.5mm 400mm No
▪ 12.5mm for stud spacing up to 600mm.
450mm No
Fixing of plasterboard to studs at joint positions 600mm Yes
15mm 600mm No

When fixing plaster boarding:

▪ Fix with decorative side out to receive joint treatment or a skim plaster finish.
▪ Lightly butt boards together and never force boards into position.
▪ Install fixings no closer than 13mm from cut edges and 10mm from bound edges.
▪ Position cut edges to internal angles whenever possible, removing paper burrs with fine sandpaper.
6mm minimum ▪ Stagger horizontal and vertical board joints between layers by a minimum of 600mm.
edge distance ▪ Locate boards to the centre line of framing where this supports board edges or ends.
▪ Fix metal studs using dry-wall screws.
▪ When dry lining, plasterboard can be fixed to walls using adhesive dabs or by screwing to metal battens.
10mm bound edges
13mm unbound edges Note: Where adhesive dabs are used, the plasterboard manufacturers recommendations must be followed.

Alternatively, a proprietary wall system can be used, providing it has full third-party accreditation. Gaps between boards
Up to a 3mm gap to cut edges of should not exceed 3mm and consideration should be given to sealing all gaps to improve building air tightness.
plasterboard, bound edge slightly butted
Minimum periods of fire resistance
Plasterwork
All internal, separating and compartment walls should have the fire resistance required by the relevant Building Regulations.
This guidance covers all plastered finishes to walls and ceilings. The workmanship of plastered finishes should be applied
to a certain standard to receive a suitable decorative finish. It should be durable enough to prevent surface cracking and,
if applicable as part of the whole element, meet the required levels of fire and sound insulation in accordance with current Fire doors
Building Regulations.
Where an internal wall is required to fulfil a fire resisting function, any fire door installed in it must maintain the period of fire
resistance of the internal wall and the following must be satisfied:
Substrate and background
▪ The fire door and frame must be installed as a combined tested fire door set and not made from either different untested
Plasterwork should be applied to suitable substrates. The substrate may also require additional sealing or bonding agents, in components or components from different products which were not tested together.
accordance with the requirements set out in BS 8481. ▪ Proof of fire test performance to be available to demonstrate meeting the requirements of the relevant Building
Regulations.
Where the background has a mix of varying materials, e.g. blockwork and brickwork, expanded metal should be provided to ▪ Whilst some gaps between the fire door frame and opening may be present, they should be kept to a minimum and
prevent differential movement in the plaster finish. be no greater than the gaps stipulated in the fire test certification. Expanding fire foam which has relevant testing and
certification may be used to seal gaps up to 10mm.
▪ The fire door must be installed as per manufacturer’s instructions
Plaster mixes
Fire doors between a dwelling and attached/integral garage must be half-hour fire resisting, be fitted with a self-closer and
Plaster mix ratios should be in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and be appropriate for the intended use. also meet the above requirements.

Minimum plaster thickness Openings for pipes and ducts in fire resisting walls
The thickness of plaster will vary depending on the evenness of the substrate. The finished element must meet the tolerances Pipes and ducts which pass internally through fire resisting walls (unless in a protected shaft) must not compromise the
identified, and be of a suitable quality so that a decorative finish can be applied. Please refer to the ‘Tolerances’ section for required fire resistance of the element through which they pass. As a minimum, openings through walls should be as few as
further guidance. possible in number, as small as practicable in size and fire-stopped to the surrounding construction.

For pipes and ducts passing through compartment walls, guidance supporting the relevant Building Regulations will need to
Plastering of plasterboard walls be consulted for additional provisions.

Plasterboard walls should be skimmed to provide a suitable and durable finish. A minimum of one coat is required.

Support of plasterboard
Supports for plasterboard should be designed so that the following span limits are not exceeded.

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 195 Internal Walls

7.3.4 METAL STUD: Party walls and compartment walls

Sound insulation Fire stopping at roof level between party walls Electrical sockets in party walls
Internal separating walls shall, where necessary, have adequate resistance to the Fire-stop between Electrical sockets within the party walls should be avoided where possible,
transmission of sound. batten and above where this is not possible the fire and sound resistance of the walls should be
underlay maintained.
All separating walls in England and Wales may be built in accordance with Robust
Details and meet the requirements for resistance to the passage of sound in the Sockets should not be installed back to back in party walls. Please refer to the
relevant Building Regulations. Fire stopping between ‘Electrical Services’ section for further guidance.
internal wall and roof
Compliance with the relevant Building Regulations can be demonstrated by either: membrane
Fire stopping
Pre-completion testing
Pre-completion testing (PCT) is required in the following situations: Where separating walls and compartment walls meet a roof, further guidance can
be found in the ‘Roofs’ section.
▪ To all new build properties (including rooms for residential purposes), other
than when the Developer has registered and built in accordance with Robust Penetrations in walls that are required to have fire resistance must be designed
Details. to meet the requirements of the relevant Building Regulations. Fire stopping in
▪ Where the sound insulation construction is in accordance with the guidance apartments and flats with a floor over 4.5m will have additional requirements.
given in the relevant Building Regulations for resistance to the passage of Please see ‘Internal Walls - Cavity Barriers and Fire Stopping’ for further
sound. guidance.
▪ Where the building is not built in accordance with the relevant Building Head binder and top
Regulations. rail of wall frame Fire stopping should be provided in accordance with the relevant Building
▪ The requirements of the Robust Details system have not been met. Regulations.
or Vertical cavity barrier ▪ Party/separating walls should be finished 25mm below the top of the rafter
omitted for clarity. line and a soft fire-resistant packing, such as mineral wool, should be used to
Robust details allow for movement in roof timbers and prevent distortion of the roof tiles.
The use of robust details as a means of providing adequate sound insulation ▪ The fire stopping should be continuous to eaves level and a cavity barrier
applies only to party walls and floors between different dwellings or flats. It is Cavity barrier of mineral
wool or fire-resisting of fire-resisting board or a wire reinforced mineral wool blanket nailed to the
approved by Robust Details Ltd. rafter and carefully cut to fully seal the boxed eaves should be installed.
board in boxed eaves
The robust design details are available in a handbook, which can be purchased
from:
Fire resistance
Robust Details Ltd, 14 Shenley Pavilions, Chalkdell Drive, Shenley Wood, Milton Fire stopping within the cavity on the party wall line
Keynes, MK5 6LB Typically, in dwellings, a half-hour or one-hour fire-resistance is required to satisfy
Tel 0870 240 8210 the relevant Building Regulations with regard to fire separation between dwellings
and/or compartments within dwellings.
www.robustdetails.com Party wall
Compartment walls that are common to two or more buildings should run the
Robust Details Ltd may undertake monitoring to check on the performance full height of the building in a continuous vertical plane and should be continued
achieved in practice. through the roof space.

Where a compartment wall meets another external wall or floor junction fire
resistance should be maintained.
Fibre insulation
as specified in the All internal, separating and compartment walls should have the fire resistance
party wall voids filled required by the relevant Building Regulations.
with mineral wool
insulation generally Penetrations in walls that are required to have fire resistance must be designed to
not less than10kg/m3 meet the requirements of the relevant Building Regulations.
Junction of element
firestopped with Fire stopping
plasterboard linings

Note: cavity barriers should Sheathing with breather

be third party approved membrane over

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 196 Internal Walls

7.
Internal
7.4
General Requirements -
Cavity Barriers and
Walls Fire Stopping
7.4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS - CAVITY BARRIERS AND FIRE STOPPING

Openings for pipes in separating elements Fire resistance general

Pipes which pass through fire separating elements (unless in a protected shaft) shall: All walls should have the fire resistance required by the relevant Building Regulations.

▪ Have an approved proprietary sealing system that has a UKAS accredited test to prove it will maintain the fire resistance
of the wall. Note: It should only be installed as per the test requirements, or
▪ Where an approved proprietary sealing system is not used; the pipes penetrating the fire separating element should be Fire stopping
restricted in diameter to a maximum size shown in the relevant Building Regulations and fire stopping used around the
pipe, or Penetrations in walls between buildings shall be fire stopped, there are to be no holes or gaps for smoke to pass through
▪ A sleeving system with a maximum 160mm internal diameter is used as specified in the relevant Building Regulations. once the fire stopping has been fitted.

Provisions for cavity barriers and fire stopping Further additional requirements for internal fire stopping and fire protection for
compartment floors, walls, and roof junctions to flats and apartments with a floor 4.5m
For more information on the subdivision of cavities, please see
the relevant Building Regulations. or more above the ground
The following additional guidance applies to internal fire stopping and fire protection only to buildings with a floor 4.5m or
Fire-Stopping (Same fire more above the ground that contain flats or apartments.
resistance as compartment)
Although building legislation is robust in applying provisions for fire protection and fire stopping, it can often be difficult to
Cavity barrier to meet the required implement high standards of fire stopping in complex buildings. This can lead to significant safety risks if the building does
resistance of the relevant regional Roof cavity not have the correct levels of fire protection and if holes in compartment walls are not sealed correctly. This guidance assists
Building Regulations Developers in providing good standards of fire stopping and fire protection.
Sub-divide
extensive cavities It is not the intention to enhance the requirements of the Building Regulations, but more to ensure that the statutory
requirements are applied correctly to the construction. It is therefore deemed that the requirements of Part B of the Building
Regulations in England and Wales, or Section 2 of the Scottish Building Standards (whichever is appropriate depending on
region), that apply to fire stopping, separating walls, service penetrations, minimum periods of fire resistance and concealed
spaces will also meet the requirements of this guidance.
1. Fire stopping
Cavity barrier Design information
at the top of Compartment wall Drawings showing the lines of compartmentation and the lines of fire-resisting construction should be provided to the
the cavity Wall forming Surveyor and the Builder. The drawings should also give the required level of fire resistance for each element. Drawings to
protected Accommodation show the position of cavity barriers should be provided, and the specification of cavity barriers included.
escape route Sub-divide
extensive cavities Materials for fire stopping and cavity barriers
All materials used to form a fire barrier must have relevant third-party certification or be CE marked in accordance with the
Construction Products Regulations. The materials must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and
Floor cavity recommendations.
Cavity barrier
at compartment Compartment floor Installation
floor The fire stopping material or cavity barriers should be installed by a person who is deemed competent to install such
Ceiling cavity products. A competent person is deemed to be a third-party approved contractor specialising in fire stopping and passive fire
protection.
Wall forming 2. Fire protection in buildings
protected
Cavity barriers escape route
around openings Cavity barriers Design information
around edges Accommodation
The design details must show the correct level of fire resistance for the building, in accordance with Part B of the Building
Compartment wall Regulations or Section 2 of the Scottish Building Standards, depending on region.
Cavity barrier Materials for fire protection
at the bottom All materials used to form a fire barrier must have relevant third-party certification, or be CE marked in accordance with the
of the cavity Floor cavity Construction Products Regulations. The materials must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and
Compartment floor recommendations.
Sub-divide
extensive cavities Installation
Ceiling cavity The fire stopping material or cavity barriers should be installed by a person who is deemed competent to install such
products.

Where intumescent paints are used to provide the required level of fire protection, certification confirming that the paint
Compartment wall Accommodation applied will achieve the correct level of fire protection is required.

Note: Diagrams courtesy of the approved documents for England

© MD Insurance Services Limited 2023 198 Internal Walls

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MD Insurance Services Ltd. is the scheme administrator for LABC Warranty and is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England No: 3642459. TS-11A-11.00-010223