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The document discusses the low prevalence of family planning practices among women in Nigeria, particularly in rural areas, despite high awareness of contraceptive methods. It outlines the objectives of a study aimed at assessing women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding family planning services, as well as the significance and limitations of the research. The study aims to provide insights that could enhance family planning programs and contribute to existing literature on the topic.

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11 views7 pages

Chid 1

The document discusses the low prevalence of family planning practices among women in Nigeria, particularly in rural areas, despite high awareness of contraceptive methods. It outlines the objectives of a study aimed at assessing women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding family planning services, as well as the significance and limitations of the research. The study aims to provide insights that could enhance family planning programs and contribute to existing literature on the topic.

Uploaded by

ali morgan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Family planning practices help individuals or couples to avoid unwanted


pregnancies, regulate the intervals between pregnancies, control the time of birth
in relation to the age of the parents and determine the number of children in the
family (Reshma 2015). Though contraceptive use has increased worldwide over
the last couple of years, the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) in low resources
countries is very low. An average of 25% of couples in Sub-Saharan Africa who
want to space their children do not use any form of family planning method. A
report from the National AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS), 2012, in
Nigeria indicated that while awareness of contraceptive was high, the proportion
of females using any method and a modern method of contraception was 13%
and 10% respectively. According to Park, (2007), the methods of modern
contraceptives available at the regional and national levels include: pills,
intrauterine contraceptive device, injectables, implants, male condom, female
condom, male and female sterilization, diaphragm, foam/jelly, lactational
ammenorrhoea and emergency contraception. In a bid to curb the rate of
unwanted pregnancies, effort must be made to increase family planning
utilization. According to the Nigerian Demographic and health Survey, 2013
(NDHS), about 23% of teenage girls between age 15 and 19 years were already
mothers or pregnant with their first child. About 250 out of 1000 adolescent
pregnancies in Nigeria end in unsafe abortion and of the estimated 600,000
induced abortions annually, adolescents contribute 60% (Oyedokun, 2007).
Despite this, the level of contraceptive use among this group has been reported to
be low. Young people often decide not to seek FP because they do not want their
parents or other adults to know they are sexually active, while many fear ridicule
and disapproval from service providers. Apart from unintended pregnancy and
maternal mortality, there is also the problem of sexually transmitted infections,
including HIV. Sentinel survey report of pregnant women aged 15-49 years
reported a national prevalence of 4.1% and 10.9% in Akwa Ibom State in 2010.
While the National Demographic and Health Survey 2013 recorded knowledge of
contraceptive among women as 85%, the trend in contraceptive method used by
married women aged 15-49 in Nigeria in 1990, 2003, 2008 and 2013 stood at
6%.12.6%,14.6% and 15.1% respectively (Oyedokun, 2007). These rates are quite
low compared to the high sexual activity, especially among adolescents. Urban
dwellers are reported to have greater access and higher chances of utilizing FP.
The rural communities, which contribute about 70% of Nigeria’s population, have
very high fertility rate and a low CPR. A study in south western Nigeria however
reported the point prevalence of contraceptive use among rural women as 66.3%.
One of the factors influencing utilization is level of education.

Adebajo, (1992) opined that attitude and practice towards modern family
planning have attracted much attention in recent times. This is due to increase in
unwanted or unplanned pregnancies, induced or criminal abortion, maternal
mortality, sexually transmitted diseases, human immune-deficiency virus (HIV)
and acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevalence among women of
child- bearing age.
There is no one universally acceptable definition of attitude. However, Anderson
(1981) opined that attitude is a moderately intense emotion that prepares or
predisposes individuals to respond consistently in a favourable manner, when
confronted with a particular object. Okafor (1991) stated that attitude is
concerned with one‟s feeling towards an object, person or thing. Cornachia,
Station and Irwin (1999) asserted that an attitude refers to mind-set to action, an
internal readiness to behave or act. Simpson and Weiner (2000) defined attitude
as a way of feeling, thinking or behaving. Aitken (2000) argued that there is no
standard definition of attitude, but in general terms, he perceived the term to
imply a learned predisposition or tendency on the part of the individual to
respond positively or negatively to some objects or situation. According to Mann
(2002), attitude implies a relatively enduring organization to internalized belief
that describes, evaluates and advances actions with respect to an object or
situation with each belief having cognitive, affective and behavioural components.
He further stated that each one of these beliefs is a predisposition that suitably
activates results in some preferential response towards the attitude-object or
situation or toward the maintenance or preservation of the attitude itself.

Attitude in the context of the present study is belief, feeling, thinking, ideas or
emotion that predisposes an individual to respond when faced with a particular
object. For instance, what a woman believes, feels or thinks about modern family
planning becomes her attitude towards modern family planning. Practice, on the
other hand, is something done habitually or customarily (Webster, 1980).
According to Simpson & Weiner (1991), practice is a habitual action-custom.
Hornby (2001) opined that practice means to do something regularly as part of
one‟s normal behaviour. With regard to the present study therefore, it means
using modern family planning methods regularly, as part of ones normal sexual
behaviour.

1.

1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Modern family planning methods are considered a first line of defence against
unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immune-
deficiency virus (HIV) (Igbudu, & Okoro, 2010). The consistent and correct use of
modern family planning methods reduce greatly unwanted pregnancies, STIs and
HIV among women of reproductive age in any nation thus enhancing their health.
However, it appears that attitude and practice of modern family planning among
women of reproductive age in Nigeria is low and it varies by demographic and
socio-economic characteristics (Kaba, 2000).

Studies have been conducted on attitude to and practice of modern family


planning methods among women of reproductive age in many parts of the World
including Nigeria. However, most women especially in the rural areas seem biased
towards family planning.

1.

1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices
of women towards family planning services. Specific objectives of this study are:

1. To determine if women are aware of family planning

2. To determine the various types of family planning known by women


3. To determine the sources of information about family planning

4. To examine the negative attitude of women towards family planning

1.

1. RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions will be answered in this study

1. Are women aware of family planning?

2. What are the various types of family planning known by women?

3. What are the sources of information about family planning?

4. What are the negative attitude of women towards family planning?

1.

1. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is hoped that the findings of this study will provide necessary information that
will enhance activities and programs towards the practice of family planning to be
appropriately conducted.

Furthermore, the findings will also be relevant to those who intend to carry out a
similar research topic as it has contributed to the existing literature. Finally, the
research will serve as a fuel of new reasoning and further research work on
knowledge, attitude and practices of women towards family planning services,
and to health science students, lecturers and the general public.

1.

1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY


This study will focus on the knowledge, attitude and practices of women towards
family planning services. Specifically, it will focus on determining if women are
aware of family planning, determining the various types of family planning known
by women, determining the sources of information about family planning and
examining the negative attitude of women towards family planning.

Selected women in Ika Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State will serve as
enrolled participants for this survey.

1.

1. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study will be limited to the knowledge, attitude and practices of women
towards family planning services. Specifically, it will be limited to determining if
women are aware of family planning, determining the various types of family
planning known by women, determining the sources of information about family
planning and examining the negative attitude of women towards family planning.

Selected women in Ika Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State will serve as
enrolled participants for this survey. This will serve as a limitation to this study as
further research is needed if the findings of this study is to be used anywhere else.

1.

1. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Knowledge: Knowledge is a familiarity or awareness, of someone or something,


such as facts, skills, or objects contributing to ones understanding.

Attitude: a settled way of thinking or feeling about something.


Practice: the actual application or use of an idea, belief, or method, as opposed to
theories relating to it.

Family planning: The practice of birth control, child spacing and contraceptive
use.

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