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Ahsan Turbulence Modeling PDF

The document provides an overview of turbulence modeling, defining turbulence and differentiating between laminar and turbulent flow. It discusses various approaches to solve turbulence, particularly focusing on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models and their applications in engineering, including specific models like k-ε, k-ω, and SST k-ω. Additionally, it touches on alternative methods such as Large Eddy Simulations and Reynolds Stress Models, along with practical steps for conducting Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluent.

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6 views24 pages

Ahsan Turbulence Modeling PDF

The document provides an overview of turbulence modeling, defining turbulence and differentiating between laminar and turbulent flow. It discusses various approaches to solve turbulence, particularly focusing on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models and their applications in engineering, including specific models like k-ε, k-ω, and SST k-ω. Additionally, it touches on alternative methods such as Large Eddy Simulations and Reynolds Stress Models, along with practical steps for conducting Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluent.

Uploaded by

245424
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Turbulence Modeling

What is turbulence?

 Turbulence is the three-dimensional unsteady random motion


observed in fluids at moderate to high Reynolds numbers
 Usually fluid flows involves fluids of low viscosity therefore, all flows
are turbulent
 Many quantities depends on turbulence such as
 Pressure
 Heat transfer
 Velocity
Laminar vs Turbulent flow
Approach to solve Turbulence

 Solving Navier Stocks Equations directly using Direct Numerical


Simulation (DNS)
 Very costly as CPU requirements would be very high
 Another approach is to average Navier Stocks Equations to filter out
part of the turbulent spectrum
 Most widely applied averaging procedure is Reynold Average
Navier Stock Equation (RANS) models
RANS Models

 RANS models offer the most economic approach for computing


complex turbulent industrial flows. Typical examples of such models
are the k-ε or k-w
 These models simplify the problem to the solution of two additional
transport equations
 More complex RANS models are available that solve an individual
equation for each of the six independent Reynolds Stresses directly
 RANS models are suitable for many engineering applications and
typically provide the level of accuracy required
RANS Models in ANSYS Fluent

 Spalart-Allmaras model
 K-ε models
 K-w models
 Transition k-kl-w
 Transition SST Model
 Large eddy simulation
 Detached Eddy simulation
Choosing Turbulent Model

 No single model is sufficient for all flow problems


 The choice of turbulence model will depend on
 Physics of flow
 Established practice for a specific class of problem
 The level of accuracy required
 The available computation resources
 Amount of time available for simulation
 Mostly SST-kw serves the purpose
Spalart-Allmaras One-Equation
Model
 The Spalart-Allmaras model is a relatively simple one-equation
model that
 Solves a modeled equation for the kinematic eddy (turbulent)
viscosity. The Spalart-Allmaras model was designed
 specifically for aeronautics and aerospace applications involving
wall-bounded flows and has been
 shown to give good results for boundary layers subjected to adverse
pressure gradients
K-ε Model

 Robustness, economy, and reasonable accuracy for a wide range


of turbulent flows explain its popularity in industrial flow and heat
transfer simulations.
 Draw-back is its insensitivity to adverse pressure gradient and
boundary layer separation. It typically predicts a delayed and
reduced separation relative to observations.
 In Ansys Fluent, the use of the Realizable - model is recommended
relative to other variants of the K-ε family with Enhance wall
treatment
K-w Model

 It is better at predicting adverse pressure gradient boundary layer,


flows, and separation
 The downside of the standard w-equation is a relatively strong
sensitivity of the solution depending on the freestream values of k
and w outside the shear layer
 Standard k-w model is not recommended
 The BSL and SST k-w is recommended which combine the elements
of w-equation and ε-equation
SST k-w

 Used in an analysis of KaGem


 This model is calibrated to accurately compute flow separation from
smooth surfaces
 It is recommended in the family of k-w model
 This along with the BSL model is accurate in modeling most of the
aerodynamic problem
 They are typically somewhat more accurate in predicting the details
of the wall boundary layer characteristics than the Spalart-Allmaras
model.
SST k-w serves both functions

 Act like k-ε as we move away from the wall


 Act like k-w as moves closer to wall
Reynold Stress Models
 Reynolds Stress models (RSM) include several effects that are not easily handled
by Eddy-Viscosity models. The most important effect is the stabilization of
turbulence due to strong rotation and streamline curvature (as observed for
example, in cyclone flows).
 RSM on the other hand often demand a significant increase in computing time
partly due to the additional equations but mostly due to reduced convergence.
This additional effort is not always justified by increased accuracy.
 Their usage is therefore not generally recommended and should be restricted to
flows for which their superiority has been established, especially flow with strong
swirl and rotation.
Scale-Resolving Simulation (SRS)
Models
 The alternative to RANS models are models that resolve at least a
portion of the turbulence for at least a portion of the flow domain.

 Large Eddy Simulations


 Detached Eddy Simulations
 Hybrid RANS-LES Models
Large Eddy Simulations

 LES is only recommended for flows where wall boundary layers are
not relevant and need not be resolved
 For flows where the boundary layers are laminar due to the low
Reynolds number.
 The most balanced LES model is the WALE model (Wall-Adapting
Local Eddy-Viscosity (WALE) Model) It offers a good compromise
between model complexity and generality.
 It also allows computing laminar shear (boundary) layers without
any model impact.
Example
 Let us do the CFD for NACA 61212 in Ansys Fluent
 Steps
 Geometry generation
 Domain generation
 Mesh generation
 Defining the inlets and outlets
 Selecting solver type
 Turbulence Model
 Boundary Condition
 Solution controls
 Run simulations
 Post processing
Geometry and Domain creation

 Done in design modeler


Grid Generation
Solver and Turbulence Model
Air properties

 Viscosity is chosen
Sutherland which compute
Viscosity variation with the
Temperature and commonly
used
Boundary condition

 Pressure far field is used as per instruction from the user guide
 It is used with ideal gas formula
Solution Control
Post Processing
Thank You

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