CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

Câu hỏi 1

What are the critiques of the SDGs?

a.Lack coherence by being too vague and too numerous.

b.Not reflect local or national sustainable development priorities and problems.

c.The goals and targets were the result of compromise.

d.A new form of greenwashing.

Câu hỏi 2

This definition refers to the concept of _____? "Fair treatment and meaningful involvement
of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the
development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and
policies."

a.climate justice

b.environmental justice
c.green justice

d.ecological Justice

Câu hỏi 3 Complete this sentence: "A broad vision to fight poverty in its many dimensions of
world leaders at the United Nations" was translated into _____.

a.eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

b.eight Millennial Development Goals (MDGs)

c.the Triple Bottom Line (TBL)

d.the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Câu hỏi 4 The mission of the 17 SDGs was established for which period?

a.2000-2015

b.2015-2030

c.2030-2045

d.Forever

Câu hỏi 5 What does this figure describe?

a.Equality

b.Equity

c.Either equality or equity

d.Neither equality nor equity

Câu hỏi 6 What new issues were included in the SDG agenda compared to the MDGs?

a.Sustainable Cities and Communities

b.Peace and Justice for all

c.Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic

d.Supporting the LGBT community

Câu hỏi 7 Complete this sentence: "Environmental _____ occur not only through the
presence of environmental “_____” but they are also found in absences and lack of access to
environmental “_____."

a.inequalities; goods; bads

b.inequalities; bads; goods

c.injustice; goods; bads

d.injustice; bads; goods

Câu hỏi 8 Is this true or false? "Whereas the MDGs focused on Global South countries, the
SDGs are viewed as more universal in that they call for action by all countries—high-income,
middle-income and low-income."

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Câu hỏi 9 Which one is correct?

a.Hayden Washington called sustainable development the destination, while sustainability is

the journey.

b.Hayden Washington called sustainability the destination, while sustainable development is

the journey.

c.Hayden Washington called sustainability the journey, while sustainable development is the
destination.
d.Hayden Washington called sustainability the process, while sustainable development is the
goal.

Câu hỏi 10 Complete this sentence: "Global _____ is marked by _____ in living standards,
resource access and use, and quality of life."

a.inequality; disparities

b.inequalities; disparities

c.equity; disparities

d.equities; disparities

Câu hỏi 11The mission of the 8 MDGs was established for which period?

a.1987-2000

b.2000-2015

c.2015-2030

d.1992-2012

Câu hỏi 12How many countries agreed to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs)?

a.191

b.193
c.195

d.203

Câu hỏi 13 What does this figure describe?

a.Equality

b.Equity

c.Either equality or equity

d.Neither equality nor equity

Câu hỏi 14 Complete this sentence: "Disparities are evident not only _____ countries but
also _____ a country."
a.between; within

b.among; across

c.within; between

d.across; among

Câu hỏi 15 What new issues were included in the SDG agenda compared to the MDGs?

a.Climate change

b.Sustainable consumption and production

c.Healthcare for the poor

d.Digital transformation in agriculture

Câu hỏi 16 What are the limitations of the eight MDGs?

a.They were generated in a non-transparent way.

b.They were not adequately aligned with human rights and principles.

c.They lacked quantitative targets, and the ambition in the targets.

d.The equated development with poverty reduction.

Câu hỏi 17 "Supporting the LGBT community" is not explicitly stated as a separate
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the principles underlying support for the
LGBT community are embedded in several SDGs." Which SDGs are relevant to the
principles of supporting the LGBT community?

a.SDG 3

b.SDG 5

c.SDG 10

d.SDG 16

Câu hỏi 18 Complete this sentence: "The idea of sustainability emerged in the 1960s
primarily out of concern about ______________."

a.environmental pollution

b.environmental degradation

c.resource depletion

d.environmental movements

Câu hỏi 19 Is this true or false: "There is more to sustainability and sustainable development
than simply minimizing our environmental impact, developing policies that promote
recycling, or passing legislation to prevent environmental degradation."?

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Câu hỏi 20 Is this true or false? "There is more balance among the three Es of sustainability
within the SDGs compared to the MDGs."

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Câu hỏi 1 Which MDG refers to 'Universal Primary Education'?

a.MDG 1

b.MDG 2

c.MDG 3

d.MDG 4

Câu hỏi 2 Complete this sentence: "_____ is treating everyone the same. _____ is about
giving everyone what they need to be successful."

a.Equality; Equity

b.Equity; Equality

c.Sameness; Fairness
d.Fairness; Sameness

Câu hỏi 3Which one is correct?

a.Sustainability can only be achieved when all three pillars (i.e., environment, economy, and
equity) are balanced.

b.Sustainability can be achieved when two out of the three pillars (i.e., environment,
economy, and equity) are balanced.

c.Sustainability can only be achieved when all three pillars (i.e., environment, economy, and
equity) are overlapped.

d.Sustainability can be achieved when two out of the three pillars (i.e., environment,
economy, and equity) are overlapped.

Câu hỏi 4 What are the three Es of sustainability and sustainable development?

a.environment, economics, equity

b.environment, economy, equity

c.ecology, economy, equity

d.environment, economy, equality

Câu hỏi 5 How many Targets are there in total in the SDGs?

a.169
b.196

c.172

d.179

Câu hỏi 6 Which MDG refers to 'Environmental Sustainability'?

a. MDG 5

b.MDG 7

c.MDG 6

d.MDG 8

Câu hỏi 7 Is this a correct interpretation of "Sustainable Development" definition?

"Brundtland's definition of sustainable development is a fairly abstract concept, but its core is
about finding a way to support human populations and their economies, without ultimately
threatening the health of humans, animals, and plants."

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Câu hỏi 8 Complete this sentence: "Achieving _____ and _____ are one of the biggest
challenges to a more sustainable future."

a.fairness; ecological justice

b.equity; climate justice

c.equity; environmental justice

d.environmental justice; integrity

Câu hỏi 9 Complete this sentence: "Sustainable development is the _____ for improving
long-term economic well-being and quality of life for people now and in the future."

a.way

b.foundation

c.process

d.strategy

Câu hỏi 10 Which is the correct definition of "Sustainable Development"?

a.Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.

b.Development that meets the needs of the present while compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
c.Development that meets the needs of the present without considering the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.

d.Development that meets the desires of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own desires.

Câu hỏi 16 Is this true or false? "There is more balance among the three Es of sustainability
within the SDGs compared to the MDGs."

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Câu hỏi 17 What are the critiques of the SDGs?

a.Lack coherence by being too vague and too numerous.

b.Not reflect local or national sustainable development priorities and problems.

c.The goals and targets were the result of compromise.

d.A new form of greenwashing.

CHAPTER 1
Câu hỏi 1 Is this true or false: "Two-thirds of the world’s extreme poor live in rural areas and
depend on agriculture, fishing, or forest resources for their livelihood."?

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Câu hỏi 2 Which of the following terms refers to a condition where individuals or families
lack the minimum level of income needed to maintain basic living standards, such as food,
shelter, and clothing?

a.Poverty line
b.Extreme poverty
c.Relative poverty
d.Absolute poverty

Câu hỏi 3 What was the international poverty line in 2015?

a.$1.25 per day
b.$1 per day
c.$1.5 per day
d.$1.9 per day

Câu hỏi 4 Where is the hub of global extreme poverty

a.Sub-Saharan Africa
b.South Asia
c.South America
d.East Asia

Câu hỏi 5 What indicators of living standards are included in the Global Multidimensional
Poverty Index (MPI)?

a.Cooking fuel, Sanitation

b.Drinking water, Electricity
c.Housing, Assets
d.Vehicles, Electronics

Câu hỏi 6 According to Benton-Short (2023), which SDGs have a strong positive
relationship with SDG 1?

a.SDGs 2, 3
b.SDGs 9, 12
c.SDGs 14, 15
d.SDGs 8, 10

Câu hỏi 7 Which of the following is a primary objective of social protection systems in the
context of poverty elimination?

a.Increasing government revenue through higher taxes.

b.Providing financial assistance and services to vulnerable populations.
c.Enhancing the international trade competitiveness of a country.
d.Restricting access to healthcare and education for low-income families.

Câu hỏi 8 What are the benefits of investments in rural and agricultural areas suggested by
FAO?
a.Increase small-scale farmers’ productivity and income.
b.Diversify farmers’ income through the development of value chains.
c.Create more and better jobs for the rural poor.
d.Help small agribusinesses become more competitive in the global markets.

Câu hỏi 9 Complete this sentence: "The World Bank’s measure of poverty, while widely
used, does not accurately capture poverty’s many ______________ impacts on education,
health, sanitation, water, electricity, and so forth."

a.monetary
b.nonmonetary
c.nonmarket
d.social

Câu hỏi 10 Complete this sentence: "_________ poverty is a state of living in which people
can afford necessities but are unable to meet their society’s average standard of living, and
they may not have any of the extras beyond just making ends meet."

a.Relative
b.Absolute
c.Average
d.Standard

Câu hỏi 11 What was the newest international poverty line for lower-middle-income
countries (in 2022)?

a.$2.50 per day

b.$3.00 per day
c.$3.20 per day
d.$3.65 per day

Câu hỏi 12 Which of the following terms refers to a condition where individuals or families
have significantly lower income or resources compared to others in their society, affecting
their ability to participate fully in social and economic activities?

a.Poverty line
b.Extreme povery
c.Relative poverty
d.Absolute poverty

Câu hỏi 13 Is this true or false: "Underemployment, unemployment, informal work,

poor-quality employment, vulnerable employment, and working poverty hinder efforts to
achieve poverty eradication."?

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Câu hỏi 14 Complete this idiom: "Keeping up with _______ perspective."

a.the Joneses
b.the Johnsons
c.the Smiths
d.the Millers

Câu hỏi 15 Is this true or false: All countries have the same international poverty line.

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Câu hỏi 16 What was the newest international poverty line for upper-middle-income
countries (in 2022)?

a.$4.50 per day

b.$5.50 per day
c.$6.55 per day
d.$6.85 per day

Câu hỏi 17 Complete this sentence: "The ______ exchange rates calibrate the cost of the
same quantity of goods and services to be priced equivalently across countries".

a.PPP
b.relative
c.official
d.shadow

Câu hỏi 18 What was the newest international poverty line (in 2022)?
a. $1.5 per day
b.$1.75 per day
c.$1.9 per day
d.$2.15 per day

Câu hỏi 19 What indicators of health are included in the Global Multidimensional Poverty
Index (MPI)?

a.Child mortality
b.Nutrition
c.Calorie
d.Height

Câu hỏi 20 Is this true or false: "The key to ending poverty is for wealthy countries to
increase development aid to poorer countries."

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Câu hỏi 1 Which statements are correct?

a.Poverty often leads to unsustainable agriculture, food insecurity, and deforestation through
inefficient practices.
b.The poor are “short-term maximizers” who are forced to degrade to survive.
c.Basic needs must be limited to implement environmental protection and sustainability.
d.Most environmental degradation is caused by those in poverty.

Câu hỏi 2 Which of the following actions illustrates the interconnectedness of SDG 1 (No
Poverty) with SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger) and 13 (Climate Action)?

a.Implementing sustainable agricultural practices that improve food security and reduce
environmental impact.
b.Increasing urban infrastructure development to enhance economic growth.
c.Expanding access to financial services in rural areas.
d.Promoting international trade agreements that focus on reducing tariffs for agricultural
products.

Câu hỏi 3 Is this true or false: "Social protection systems are fundamental not only to lifting
people out of poverty but also in preventing them from falling back into poverty."?

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Câu hỏi 4 What dimensions of poverty are included in the Global Multidimensional Poverty
Index (MPI)?

a.Health
b.Education
c.Living standards
d.Happiness
e.Freedom

Câu hỏi 5 What was the international poverty line in 2005?

a.$1.25 per day

b.$1 per day
c.$1.5 per day
d.$1.9 per day

Câu hỏi 6 Is this true or false: "Many economists and development experts prefer to use the
MPI because it better captures the true reality of poverty."?

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Câu hỏi 7 Is this true or false: "There is no 'one-size-fits-all' model for ending poverty."?
Hãy chọn một:
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Câu hỏi 8 Which of the following are benefits of investing in rural and agricultural areas for
poverty elimination?

a.Enhancing food security and reducing hunger in rural communities.

b.Increasing urban migration by neglecting rural development.
c.Improving infrastructure and access to markets for farmers.
d.Diminishing local agricultural productivity and sustainability.

Câu hỏi 9 Is this true or false: "most of the people living in rural poverty have less access to
health, education, and social protection, and basic infrastructure such as roads, water, and
electricity."?

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Câu hỏi 10 Which target of SDG 1 includes the indicator 'Proportion of population living in
households with access to basic services'?

a.Target 1.1
b.Target 1.2
c.Target 1.3
d.Target 1.4

Câu hỏi 11 Which SDG is related to the target "Reduce at least by half the proportion of
men, women, and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to
national definitions"?

a.SDG 1
b.SDG 2
c.SDG 8
d.SDG 10

Câu hỏi 12 Which of the following are roles of the World Bank in efforts to eliminate
poverty?

a.Providing low-interest loans and grants to developing countries for poverty reduction
projects.
b.Setting global trade policies that directly control the economies of developing nations.
c.Supporting initiatives for education, healthcare, and infrastructure development in poor
regions.
d.Enforcing international sanctions on countries that do not meet poverty reduction targets.

Câu hỏi 13 Complete this sentence: "The World Bank created a poverty ______ that
measures poverty in all countries by the same standard".
a.line
b.trap
c.threshold
d.gap

Câu hỏi 14 What are the priority actions to reduce poverty suggested by the UNDP Progress
Report on SDG 1 in 2017?

a.Provide opportunity to generate inclusive, sustainable, and sustained growth through

international trade and foreign direct investment.
b.Empower the poor to ensure that all citizens have a voice.
c.Invest in rural development.
d.Prevent and reduce vulnerability to conflict, natural disasters, and economic downturns that
send poor households into a downward.

Câu hỏi 15 Is this true or false: "Poverty is a complex problem with many causes, many
consequences, and many variables across multiple places."?

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Câu hỏi 16 Which target of SDG 1 includes the indicator 'Number of countries with national
and local disaster risk reduction strategies'?

a.Target 1.1
b.Target 1.2
c.Target 1.4
d.Target 1.5

Câu hỏi 17 Is this true or false: "In many urban areas, poorer communities bear a
disproportionate share of air pollution generated by traffic, industrial pollution, and waste
disposal."?

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Câu hỏi 18 Complete the sentence: "If someone is deprived in a _________ or more of ten
indicators, the global index identifies them as “MPI poor,” and the intensity of their poverty
is measured by the number of deprivations they are experiencing."

a.third
b.fourth
c.fifth
d.sixth

Câu hỏi 19 Is this true or false: "To break the cycle of poverty and underdevelopment, a
country should identify those economic sectors with potential for both an immediate payoff
in terms of job creation and the possibility of sustainable long-term growth."?
Hãy chọn một:
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Câu hỏi 20 What are the 'negative' impacts of poverty?

a.Impact of children
b.Impact on health
c.Impact on social indicators
d.Impact on environment

CHAPTER 2

Câu hỏi 1 Complete this sentence: "_________ refers to the unused product from the
agricultural sector, such as unharvested crops."

a.Food loss
b.Food waste
c.Food supply
d.Food demand

Câu hỏi 2 What do the Three Ss of food security stand for?

a.Security
b.Sovereignty
c.Safety
d.Supply
e.Society

Câu hỏi 3 Complete this sentence: "Food ______ is defined as an area with an abundance of
fast food, junk food outlets, convenience stores, and liquor stores that outnumber affordable,
nutritious food."

a.bank
b.store
c.desert
d.swamp

Câu hỏi 4 Select all three types of malnutrition?

a.Chronic hunger
b.Hidden hunger
c.Obesity
d.Stunting
e.Wasting

Câu hỏi 5 Which SDG directly relates to the concept "sustainable agriculture"?
a.SDG 2
b.SDG 12
c.SDG 13
d.SDG 15

Câu hỏi 6 What are the solutions for dealing with hunger and food insecurity suggested by
Benton-Short (2023)?

a.Invest in rural development

b.Improve agricultural productivity
c.Practice sustainable agriculture
d.Agroecology

Câu hỏi 7 Complete this sentence: "Food ______ refers to an area with limited access to
nutritious and affordable food."

a.bank
b.store
c.desert
d.swamp

Câu hỏi 8 Which SDG relates to the target "Ensure sustainable food production systems and
implement resilient agricultural practices"?

a.SDG 1
b.SDG 2
c.SDG 12
d.SDG 15

Câu hỏi 9 What are the factors that affect food production in developing countries?

a.Climate and temperature

b.Soil and water
c.Topography and Elevation
d.Pests and labor

Câu hỏi 10 Complete this sentence: "_________ is defined as the loss of the edible amount
of food available for human consumption (not, e.g., banana peels, bones, or eggshells)."

a.Food loss
b.Food waste
c.Food damage
d.Food spoilage

Câu hỏi 11 Complete this sentence: “______________ exists when all people, at all times,
have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life."

a.Food security
b.Food safety
c.Food supply
d.Food sovereignty

Câu hỏi 12 Which SDGs relate to the concept "sustainable agriculture"?

a.SDG 2
b.SDG 12
c.SDG 13
d.SDG 15

Câu hỏi 13 Which concept is synonymous with 'undernourishment'?

a.Chronic hunger
b.Hidden hunger
c.Micronutrient deficiency
d.Malnutrition

Câu hỏi 14 Which target of SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) includes the indicator 'Proportion of
agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture'?

a.Target 2.1
b.Target 2.3
c.Target 2.4
d.Target 2.5

Câu hỏi 15 Which concept is defined as "limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally

adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially
acceptable ways.”?

a.Food security
b.Food insecurity
c.Food politics
d.Food hunger

Câu hỏi 16 Complete this sentence: "_____________ is one of the most complicated
unsolved problems of sustainable development."

a.Food security
b.Food safety
c.Food loss
d.Food waste

Câu hỏi 17 Complete this sentence: "More than two-thirds of all undernourished people live
in __________ and sub-Saharan Africa."

a.South Asia
b.South Africa
c.South America
d.East Asia
Câu hỏi 18 Is this true or false: "The challenge to achieving food security is not just
producing enough nutritious food but ensuring it reaches those who need it."?

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Câu hỏi 19 Which SDGs are interconnected with SDG 2, as described in the following
statement: 'Food insecurity is deeply related to income inequality, which impacts the
consumption of resources, particularly energy and food'?

a.SDG 1
b.SDG 7
c.SDG 10
d.SDG 12

Câu hỏi 20 Complete this sentence: "Food ______________ is the result of food intake that
is continuously insufficient to meet minimum dietary energy requirements.”

a.security
b.insecurity
c.safety
d.loss

Câu hỏi 1 How many targets are there for SDG 2 (Zero Hunger)?

a.5
b.6
c.7
d.8

Câu hỏi 2 Complete this sentence: "A food _________ may happen when not enough food is
produced, such as when crops fail due to drought, pests, or too much moisture."

a.shortage
b.damage
c.loss
d.excess

Câu hỏi 3 What are the reasons for food insecurity?

a.Poverty and inequality

b.Climate change, conflict and war
c.Dietary preferences, consumption patterns
d.Environmental disasters, degradation, and invasive species

Câu hỏi 4 How many actions were suggested by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization
in the 2018 report 'Transforming Food and Agriculture to Achieve the SDGs'?
a.10
b.15
c.20
d.25

Câu hỏi 5 What are the indicators of 'chronic undernourishment'?

a.Stunting
b.Wasting
c.Overweighting
d.Underweighting

Câu hỏi 6 Complete this sentence: "Agricultural __________ of many countries in the
Global North enable their producers to keep prices artificially low, making it difficult for
small farmers in the Global South to compete, even within their own markets."

a.subsidies
b.taxes
c.practices
d.tariffs

Câu hỏi 7 Complete this sentence: "Many people tend to buy more food than they need,
which can lead to more food __________."

a.loss
b.waste
c.damage
d.spoilage

Câu hỏi 8 Which of the following concepts is defined as "Food is always accessible and
people are empowered to make their own choices about the food they eat, by purchasing
food, growing food for their own consumption, or bartering for food."

a.Food safety
b.Food sovereignty
c.Food security
d.Food choice

Câu hỏi 9 What strategies were included in the Green Revolution?

a.Developing hybrid varieties of maize, rice, and wheat that produced substantially higher
yields.
b.Increasing use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.
c.Increasing use of mechanization of equipment that required higher inputs of capital.
d.Protecting the environmental impacts of agricultural production.
e.Helping small farms and rural women out of poverty.

Câu hỏi 10 According to Benton-Short (2023), which SDGs have a strong positive
relationship with SDG 2?
a. SDGs 13, 14
b.SDGs 3, 6
c.SDGs 16, 17
d.SDGs 5, 10

Câu hỏi 11 Complete this sentence: "Food _________ is part of the food justice movement
and has the potential to substantially transform political economic relationships around food,
land, and markets."

a.safety
b.security
c.sovereignty
d.waste

Câu hỏi 12 Complete this sentence: "_______ is a potential consequence of food insecurity
that results in discomfort, illness, weakness, or pain that goes beyond the usual uneasy
sensation."

a.Hunger
b.Poverty
c.Inequality
d.Inequity

Câu hỏi 13 Complete this sentence: "_________ food security is defined as uncertain access
to food of sufficient quality and/or quantity, but not so extreme that it causes
undernourishment."

a.Moderate
b.Severe
c.High
d.Low

Câu hỏi 14 The Green Revolution began in the 1940s and gained momentum in the 1960s.
Do you know where it started?

a.Vietnam
b.China
c.India
d.Mexico

Câu hỏi 15 Complete this sentence: "A major reason for food insecurity is the ___________
distribution of food at various scales: within countries, within states, and even within
neighborhoods."

a.inequitable
b.inequal
c.injustice
d.insecure
CHAPTER 3
Câu 1
Besides maternal health, child health, and infectious diseases, what are other major
challenges to poor health in developing countries?

a.Road accidents
b.Contaminated water
c.Air pollution
d.COVID

Câu hỏi 2 Which of the following correctly explains how COVID-19 is connected to at least
two other SDGs?

a.COVID-19 is linked to SDG 1 because the economic downturn caused by the pandemic has
increased poverty levels and economic instability.

b.COVID-19 is linked to SDG 4 because school closures and disruptions to education have
affected learning outcomes and educational equity.

c.COVID-19 is linked to SDG 7 because the pandemic has led to increased energy
consumption in remote work settings.

d.COVID-19 is linked to SDG 11 because the pandemic has highlighted the need for resilient
urban infrastructure and sustainable community planning.

Câu hỏi 3 What are solutions for improving health and well-being?

a.Increasing health access and health systems by adopting universal health coverage.

b.Reducing tobacco use.

c.Supporting research, development, and universal access to vaccines and medicine.

d.Improving early warning systems for global health risks.

Câu hỏi 4 Complete this sentence: "In most high-income countries, maternal mortality is
now very _____."

a.low
b.high
c.severe
d.moderate

Câu hỏi 6 Which of the following statements best indicates the concept of equity in health
care?

a.Equity in health care ensures that only those who can afford it receive high-quality services.

b.Equity in health care means that every individual has access to health services without
discrimination, regardless of their socio-economic status.

c.Equity in health care focuses on providing advanced medical treatments only to specific
regions with high health needs.

d.Equity in health care prioritizes the distribution of resources based on the most common
health issues in a population.

Câu hỏi 7 Complete this sentence: "A ___________ approach focuses on organizing and
strengthening health systems so that people can access services for their health and
well-being based on their needs and preferences, at the earliest, and in their everyday
environments."

a.primary health care

b.people-centered care

c.universal health care

d.universal health coverage

Câu hỏi 8 Complete this sentence: "WHO defines ____________ as ensuring that all people
have access to needed health services without suffering financial hardship."

a.universal health coverage

b.universal health insurance
c.universal health care
d.universal health services

Câu hỏi 9 In the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, what does the letter 'R'
in the abbreviation 'MPOWER' stand for?

a.Raise taxes on tobacco

b.Reduce taxes on tobacco
c.Raise awareness on tobacco
d.Relax with tobacco

Câu hỏi 10 Which SDG relates to the target "... promote mental health"?
a.SDG 1
b.SDG 2
c.SDG 3
d.SDG 13

Câu hỏi 11 Which SDGs have a direct relationship with SDG 3, as described in the following
statement: 'Climate change is likely to increase vulnerability to many health complications,
including heat stroke, malnutrition, and the spread of certain diseases'?

a.SDG 2
b.SDG 6
c.SDG 13
d.SDG 4
e.SDG 8

Câu hỏi 12 Which of the following best describes the problem of adverse selection in health
care?

a.Healthy individuals avoiding insurance because they don’t need it.

b.Insurers charging higher premiums based on age.
c.Sick individuals seeking insurance more often than healthy ones.
d.Insurers covering only emergency care.

Câu hỏi 13 What are the key elements of "Health in All Policies" approaches?

a.Promoting health and equity

b.Supporting intersectoral collaboration

c.Creating multiple benefits to attract many partners

d.Engaging stakeholders

e.Creating structural or process change

Câu hỏi 14 According to Benton-Short (2023), which SDGs have a strong positive
relationship with SDG 3? Select three!

a.SDGs 1, 2, 4

b.SDGs 7, 8, 9

c.SDGs 11, 15, 16

d.SDGs 5, 6, 10

e.SDGs 12, 13, 144

Câu hỏi 15 Which stakeholder group (State, Companies, or Civil Society Organizations) is
most important according to this statement: 'Developing new vaccines and medicines for
communicable and noncommunicable diseases will involve partnerships with the private
sector pharmaceutical industry'?

Governments -> 2

Civil society organizations such as the scientists, public health centers, media -> 3

Companies -> 1

Câu hỏi 16 Complete this sentence: "Many women at high risk for maternal mortality live in
remote areas, are in poverty, and are the least likely to receive adequate _____ care."
a.health
b.skin
c.beauty
d.daily

Câu hỏi 17 Which target of SDG 3 relates to "Achieve universal health coverage"?

a.Target 3.6
b.Target 3.7
c.Target 3.8
d.Target 3.9

Câu hỏi 18 Which of the following best indicates the problem of moral hazard in health care?

a.Patients avoiding care due to high costs.

b.Individuals taking more health risks because insurance covers the costs.
c.Providers overcharging for services.
d.Insurance companies raising premiums based on health status.

Câu hỏi 19 Which stakeholder group [States (S), Companies (M), or Civil Society
Organizations (C)] is most important according to this statement: 'Developing new vaccines
and medicines for communicable and noncommunicable diseases will involve partnerships
with the private sector pharmaceutical industry'? Use the Societal Triangulation Model for
this question.

a.4MSC
b.4MCS
c.4SMC
d.4CSM

Câu hỏi 20 Which of the following best describes the concept of "accessibility of health
services"?

a.Accessibility of health services refers to the availability of advanced medical equipment in

hospitals.
b.Accessibility of health services means that health care facilities are conveniently located
and affordable for everyone.
c.Accessibility of health services focuses on providing specialized care only to those who are
most critically ill.
d.Accessibility of health services involves prioritizing treatment for patients based on their
ability to pay.

Which of the following best explains the connection between poverty and health?
a.People in poverty often have better access to healthcare services.
b.Poverty increases the risk of malnutrition, which leads to poor health outcomes.
c.Poverty has little to no impact on health because medical care is universally accessible.
d.Higher income levels are linked to higher rates of chronic diseases.
Câu hỏi 2
Complete this sentence: "Inequalities in chronic conditions arise as a result of inequalities in
exposure to the _________ determinants of health: the conditions in which people “live,
work, grow and age” including working conditions, unemployment, access to essential goods
and services, housing, and access to health care."

a.social
b.economic
c.environmental
d.political
Câu hỏi 3 Which of the following correctly define the concepts of communicable disease and
noncommunicable disease? Select two.

a.A communicable disease is an illness that spreads from person to person through direct or
indirect contact.
b.A noncommunicable disease is a condition that is caused by infections or pathogens, such
as bacteria or viruses.
c.A noncommunicable disease is a chronic illness that is not transmitted between people,
such as diabetes or heart disease.
d.A communicable disease is a long-term health condition that develops over time due to
lifestyle factors, such as obesity.

Câu hỏi 4 In SDG 3, the term 'ENDS' is used. What does this abbreviation stand for?

a.Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

b.Emergency Notification and Data Systems
c.Environmental Network for Development and Sustainability
d.Emergency Network Data System

Câu hỏi 6 Which of the following correctly explains how malaria is connected to at least two
other SDGs?

a.Malaria is linked to SDG 1 because it can reduce productivity and push affected
communities deeper into poverty.
b.Malaria is linked to SDG 7 because it is primarily transmitted through energy production
sites.
c.Malaria is linked to SDG 5 because women and children in malaria-endemic areas often
face higher health risks and economic burdens.
d.Malaria is linked to SDG 13 because changes in climate can affect the spread of malaria by
altering mosquito habitats.

Câu hỏi 7
Which of the following best indicates the problem of moral hazard in health care?
a.Patients avoiding care due to high costs.
b. Individuals taking more health risks because insurance covers the costs.
c.Providers overcharging for services.
d.Insurance companies raising premiums based on health status.

How many targets are there for SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being)?
a.9
b.10
c.12
D.13 (Key GPT đã dò slide)
Is this true or false: "In the Global North, more deaths occur due to noncommunicable
or degenerative diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease."
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng (Key từ chat GPT)
Sai
Which target of SDG 3 relates to "mental health"?
a.Target 3.3
b.Target 3.4
c.Target 3.5
d.Target 3.6

CHAPTER 4

Is this true or false: "Digital divide has disappeared. Most students from low-income
families can easily buy devices like laptops or tablets, as well as reliable internet, which
are essential for effective self-study and online learning."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 2.
Complete this sentence: "The purpose, content, and curricular focus of ________ schools
varies worldwide; in some countries, vocational and technical programs run parallel to upper
_________ education."

a.primary
b.secondary
c.tertiary
d.higher
Câu hỏi 3.
Complete this sentence: "The objective of ________ education is to provide basic education
in reading, writing, and mathematics and establish an elementary understanding of other
subjects."
a.primary
b.secondary
c.preprimary
d.upper secondary

Câu hỏi 4.
Is this true or false: "Millions of people have taken advantage of free MOOCs for career
development, supplemental learning, higher education prep, and lifelong learning."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 5.
Is this true or false: "Conflicts, disasters caused by natural hazards, and health crises, such as
pandemics, can keep millions of children out of school."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 6.
Which target of SDG 4 includes the indicator 'Proportion of youth and adults with
information and communication technology (ICT) skills'?
a.Target 4.1
b.Target 4.2
c.Target 4.4
d.Target 4.5
Câu hỏi 7
Is this true or false: "Over the last decade, many countries have made free universal
secondary education a priority, some by making secondary education compulsory until the
age of sixteen."
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 8.
Which target of SDG 4 relates to "Ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable
and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university"?
a.Target 4.1
b.Target 4.2
c.Target 4.3
d.Target 4.4
Câu hỏi 9.
Which target of SDG 4 includes the indicator 'education for sustainable development'?
a.Target 4.1
b.Target 4.3
c.Target 4.7
d.Target 4.5
Câu hỏi 10.
Complete this sentence: "__________ education is considered the driver of new knowledge
and technologies, and helps develop scientists, technicians, medical practitioners, teachers,
civil service members, business leaders, and many other types of professionals."
a.Higher
b.Secondary
c.Vocational
d.Adult
Câu hỏi 11.
Complete this sentence: "__________ is a main determinant of educational attainment."
a.Poverty
b.Inequality
c.Hunger
d.Health
Câu hỏi 12.
Complete this sentence: " _________ education refers to various forms of postsecondary
education, including trade, technical and vocational education, colleges, academies, institutes
of technology, and universities that award professional or academic diplomas and degrees."
a.Higher
b.Secondary
c.Vocational
d.Adult
Câu hỏi 13.
Is this true or false: "Secondary schooling is important for increasing employment,
accelerating economic development, and improving individual well-being."
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 14.
Complete this sentence: "The __________ divide is the gap that exists between people in the
world who have access to computers, mobile devices, and the internet, and those who do
not."
a.digital
b.technology
c.information
d.internet
Câu hỏi 15.
Is this true or false: "Providing education in emergency and conflict situations is made even
more difficult by the fact that humanitarian aid rarely addresses education during such
crises."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 16.
Which target of SDG 4 relates to "Ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and
quality primary and secondary education"?
a.Target 4.1
b.Target 4.2
c.Target 4.3
d.Target 4.4
Câu hỏi 17.
What are the direct relationships between SDG 4 and other SDGs through this statement:
"Education enables upward socioeconomic mobility and is a key to escaping poverty"?
a.SDG 1
b.SDG 8
c.SDG 10
d.SDG 3
e.SDG 5
Câu hỏi 18.
Complete this sentence: "Generally, ______________ education is characterized by the
transition from the single-class teacher, who delivers all content to a class, to one where
content is delivered by a series of subject specialists."
a.primary
b.secondary
c.tertiary
d.higher.
Câu hỏi 19.
According to Benton-Short (2023), which SDGs have a strong positive relationship with
SDG d?
a.SDGs 1, 2, 3
b.SDGs 7, 8, 9
c.SDGs 13, 14, 15
d.SDGs 5, 6, 12
Câu hỏi 20.
Is this true or false: "There are also stark disparities in education along the lines of race,
ethnicity, and urban-rural locations."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 3
Is higher education necessary for a sustainable future?
a.No, only secondary education is needed.
b.Yes, it provides advanced skills and knowledge essential for addressing complex global
challenges.
c.No, sustainable practices can be achieved without any formal education.
d.Yes, but only if it focuses on traditional subjects like history and literature.
Câu hỏi 4
Is this true or false: "Educational disparities can also be found along dimensions of gender,
wealth, ethnicity, race, ability, and location (especially in terms of urban vs. rural areas)."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 6
Is this true or false: "ICT may help motivate learners, promote quality and effective learning,
and to deliver services more efficiently."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 7
What kinds of education are included in SDG 4?
a.Preprimary, primary education
b.Secondary, vocational education
c.Higher, adult education
d.Universal primary education
Câu hỏi 8
Complete this sentence: "There is also a significant gender gap in ________ education and
literacy."
a.digital
b.technical
c.vocational
d.art
Câu hỏi 9
Is this true or false: "Indigenous peoples encounter more barriers to completing primary
school and are less likely to obtain a diploma, certificate, or degree than non-Indigenous
people."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai

CHAPTER 5
Which target of SDG 5 focuses on "Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work
through the provision of public services, infrastructure, and social protection policies and the
promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally
appropriate"?
a.Target 5.3
b.Target 5.4
c.Target 5.5
d.Target 5.6
Câu hỏi 2

Is this true or false: "Pay differentials between men and women are a persistent form of
gender inequality in the workplace."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 3

Complete this sentence: "__________ is the idea that individuals in the same workplace and
in the same job be given equal pay and benefits, including basic pay, bonuses, and
allowances."
a.Equal pay
b.Equitable pay
c.Equal wage
d.Equitable wage
Câu hỏi 4

Complete this sentence: "_________’s political representation at all levels has a ________
impact on public spending patterns and service provision."
a.Women; positive
b.Women; negative
c.Men; positive
d.Men; negative
Câu hỏi 5

What are the three dimensions of GII (Gender Inequality Index)?

a.Reproductive health
b.Empowerment
c.Economic status
d.Education
e.Labor participation
Câu hỏi 6

Complete this sentence: "_______________ countries tend to prioritize access to health care,
education, the elimination of violence against women and girls, and increased political
participation and representation of women."
a.Global South
b.Global North
c.Both are correct.
Câu hỏi 7

What are the subindices of the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)?
a.Discriminatory family code
b.Restricted physical integrity
c.Restricted resources and assets
d.Restricted civil liberties
Câu hỏi 8

According to Benton-Short (2023), what SDGs have strong positive relationships with SDG
5?
a.SDGs 10, 11
b.SDGs 1, 12
c.SDGs 3, 4
d.SDGs 14, 15
Câu hỏi 9

Is this true or false: "In many countries, females in rural areas have less access to health care
or proper nutrition, leading to a higher mortality rate"?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 10

Which SDGs are directly interconnected with SDG 5 in the statement: 'Education for girls is
particularly important, as it breaks the cycle of poverty and transforms lives for many'?
a.SDG 1
b.SDG 4
c.SDG 8
d.SDG 12
Câu hỏi 11

What is the value range of the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

a.A value of 0 to 1
b.A value of -1 to +1
c.Greater than 0
d.Any value
Câu hỏi 12

Which of the following issues are related to economic inequalities often faced by women in
the Global South?
a.Unpaid work
b.Wage gap
c.Labor force participation
d.Access to financial products and services
e.Health care
f.Higher education
g.Political representation
Câu hỏi 13

Is this true or false: "Parity has been essentially achieved in all countries in terms of life
expectancy as women tend to live longer in all countries."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 14.

Complete this sentence: "Gender ______ is the fairness of treatment for both men and
women, according to their respective needs."
a.equality
b.equity
c.balance
d.parity
Câu hỏi 15

Is this true or false: "Women around the world are less present in the labor market than men
and men tend to earn more than women."
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 16

Is this true or false: "Indian girls are often deprived of the right to move freely and make
choices about their work, education, marriage, and social relationships."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 17

Complete this sentence: "One in three of the world’s child brides live in __________."
a.India
b.China
c.Burkina Faso
d.Indonesia
Câu hỏi 18

Complete this sentence: "On average, there is a _____ percent wage gap (the ratio of the
wage of a woman to that of a man in a similar position) and a _____ percent income gap (the
ratio of the total wage and nonwage income of women to that of men)."
a.40; 50
b.30; 40
c.20; 30
d.10; 20
Câu hỏi 19

Complete this sentence: "_________ is an interesting case study where more than 60 percent
of seats are held by women, far more than any other country."
a.Rwanda
b.Cuba
c.Nepal
d.Sweden
Câu hỏi 20
Is this definition of gender equality correct: "Gender equality is said to be achieved when
women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all aspects of life, including
social interactions, economic participation, and decision making."?
a.No, totally incorrect.
b.Yes, totally correct.
c.Yes, partly correct.

Complete this question: "Each additional year of postprimary education for girls has
important______ effects, improving women’s employment outcomes, decreasing the chance
of early marriage, and improving their health and well-being."
a. multiplier
b.social
c.economic
d.external

Complete this sentence: "In __________ in the world, men spend less time on unpaid work
(such as domestic and volunteer work) than women; in ___________, women spend
significantly more time than men on these activities."

a.every country; many countries

b.many countries; every country
c.many countries; many countries
d.every country; every country

Complete this sentence: "If _______ is the end goal, _______ is the means to get there."
a.equality, equity
b.equity, equality
c.Both are correct

Complete this sentence: "In 1970, more than ____ percent of girls were married before the
age of eighteen. Today, that figure is only ____ percent."
a.70; 27
b.80; 28
c.60; 26
d.50; 25
Is this definition of gender equality correct: "Gender equality is said to be achieved when the
different behaviors, aspirations, and needs of women and men are equally valued and
favored."?
a.No, totally incorrect.
b.Yes, totally correct.
c.Yes, partly correct.

The United Nations has been focused on reducing four harmful practices that affect girls and
women. Which of the following are included in these efforts?
a.Childhood sexual violence
b.Female genital mutilation
c.Child marriage
d.Son preference
e.Human trafficking
f.Dowry-related violence
g.Child labor

How to solve gender inequality?

a.Create national action plans
b.Engage locally
c.Change social norms
d.Feminism

Which target of SDG 5 focuses on "Ensure women’s full and effective participation and
equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic, and
public life"?
a.Target 5.3
b.Target 5.4
c.Target 5.5
d.Target 5.6

What are the main key areas of the Global Gender Gap Index (GGI)?
a.Health (such as differences in life expectancy)
b.Education (differences between men and women in primary, secondary, and tertiary
education)
c.Economy (proportion of women among skilled professionals, wage equality, overall income
disparities)
d.Politics (women’s representation in parliament/ministry positions, etc.)

Is this true or false: "In many countries, women are significantly disadvantaged in accessing
credit, land, or financial products, which prevents them from starting or improving a
business."
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai

Complete this sentence: "The ____________ has also been advancing gender equality and
human rights principles through voluntary codes and agreements, with a focus on providing
women with decent working conditions, meeting environmental and labor standards, and
paying a fair share of taxes."
a.private sector
b.public sector
c.civil society sector
d.foreign sector

Is this true or false: "In many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and South
Asia, a large percentage of women are not involved in household decisions about spending
their personal earned income"?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai

Is this definition of gender equality correct: "Gender equality is said to be achieved when
women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all aspects of life, including
social interactions, economic participation, and decision making, and when the different
behaviors, aspirations, and needs of women and men are equally valued and favored."?
a.No, totally incorrect.
b.Yes, totally correct.
c.Yes, partly correct.
CHAPTER 6
Which of the following are two main and often related water challenges?
a. Ensuring access to affordable bottled water
Supplying sufficient quantities of high-quality fresh water to residents and consumers
b. Implementing effective water-saving practices
Assuring that water quality in nearby water bodies, like rivers and lakes, is not overly
impacted by pollution

Câu hỏi 2 Complete this sentence: "Currently, only _____ percent of the global population
has access to safe drinking water."
a.100
b.50
c.70
d.30

Câu hỏi 3 Which of the following best describes water recycling as a form of water
conservation?
a.Using rainwater to wash cars instead of tap water.
b.Treating and reusing wastewater from homes and industries for non-potable purposes like
irrigation and industrial processes.
c.Collecting seawater and converting it into drinking water through desalination.
d.Storing excess river water in reservoirs for future use during dry seasons.

Câu hỏi 4 Which SDG includes the target to 'increase water-use efficiency across all sectors'?
a.SDG 6
b.SDG 8
c.SDG 9
d.SDG 12

Câu hỏi 5 Complete this sentence: "_________ water scarcity is due to a lack of water
infrastructure."
a.Physical
b.Economic
c.Social
d.Natural

Câu hỏi 6 In many developed countries, people can safely drink water directly from the tap.
Why is this often not the case in many developing countries?
a.Tap water in developing countries often contains higher levels of bacteria and parasites due
to inadequate water treatment systems.
b.In developing countries, tap water is generally not distributed to homes, so drinking water
must be collected from rivers and lakes.
c.Developing countries have a greater focus on bottled water production, making tap water
less available.
d.Tap water in developing countries is often desalinated, which makes it unsafe for drinking.
Câu hỏi 7 Which of the following products has the highest 'virtual water content'?
a.10 glasses of beer
b.10 glasses of milk
c.10 cups of coffee
d.1 hamburger

Câu hỏi 8 What are the common components of the water supply side of water infrastructure?
a.Water withdrawal
b.Purification
c.Delivery
d.Wastewater collection
e.Wastewater treatment

Câu hỏi 9 Which of the following are effective water conservation measures that can be
implemented to reduce water usage?
a.Fixing leaks in faucets and pipes promptly.
b.Watering gardens during the hottest part of the day to maximize absorption.
c.Installing low-flow showerheads and toilets.
d.Running washing machines and dishwashers with half loads to save water.

Câu hỏi 10
Complete this sentence: "Since water scarcity became an ongoing issue, we must apply
various water __________ measures to reduce the demand for water."
a.
conservation
b.
saving
c.
efficiency
d.
management
Câu hỏi 11

Complete this sentence: "Open ___________ is an affront to one’s dignity, health, and
well-being, especially for girls and women."
a.defecation
b.sanitation
c.toileting
d.disposal
Câu hỏi 12

What are the two main sources of water pollution?

a.
Point sources
b.
Nonpoint sources
c.
Industrial sources
d.
Agricultural runoff
Câu hỏi 13

Who are mainly responsible for water collection in the Global South?
a.
Women
b.
Girls
c.
Men
d.
Boys
Câu hỏi 14

Complete this sentence: "In many countries of the Global South, water challenges are further
exacerbated by the effects of __________, such as desertification, drought, and land
degradation."
a.climate change
b.hot weather
c.temperature change
d.weather shock
Câu hỏi 15
Complete this sentence: "Solutions to both water quality and water supply issues rely on
_____________ such as aqueducts, the underground network of pipes, treatment plants, and
other facilities."
a.
water infrastructure
b.
water policy
c.
water extraction
d.
water availability
Câu hỏi 16
How many targets are there in SDG 6?
a.6
b.7
c.8
d.9
Câu hỏi 17
What are the common components of the water disposal side of water infrastructure?
a.
Water purification
b.
Water delivery
c.
Wastewater collection
d.
Wastewater treatment
Câu hỏi 18
Is this true or false: "Water losses from aging infrastructure are a significant and costly
challenge in the Global North"?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 19
What do the abbreviations in the WASH strategy stand for?
a.Water, Agriculture, and Sanitation for Health
b.Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
c.Waste management, Sanitation, and Health
d.Water Accessibility, Sanitation, and Health
Câu hỏi 20
Complete this sentence: "___________ water scarcity occurs when demand outstrips water
supply, leading to issues of access to water."
a.
Physical
b.
Economic
c.
Social
d.
Natural
Is this true or false: "Many water suppliers in Vietnam now are required to prepare annual
reports for their customers, and the use of the web has allowed the public to stay better
informed."
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Complete this sentence: "Water ________ must test their water frequently for specified
contaminants and report these results to the states."
a.
utilities
b.
companies
c.
firms
d.
suppliers
What are the main outcomes of water treatment?
a.
Drinking water
b.
Irrigation and industrial supply
c.
Safe return to water bodies
d.
Compliance with regulations
e.
Enhanced taste and odor
Complete this sentence: "________ change may add even more stress in water scarce areas."
a.
Climate
b.
Land-use
c.
Lifestyle
d.
Temperature
Which target of SDG 6 focuses on "Integrated water resources management at all levels"?
a.
Target 6.3
b.
Target 6.4
c.
Target 6.5
d.
Target 6.6
Which of the following are effective strategies for improving water quality in urban areas?
a.Upgrading sewage treatment plants to ensure better removal of contaminants.
b.Allowing industrial wastewater to be discharged directly into rivers to dilute pollutants.
c.Implementing green infrastructure, such as rain gardens and permeable pavements, to
manage stormwater runoff.
d.Increasing the use of chemical fertilizers in urban gardens to promote vegetation growth.
According to Benton-Short (2023), which SDGs have the strong positive relationships with
SDG 6?
a.
SDGs 1, 3
b.
SDGs 3, 12
c.
SDGs 8, 10
d.
SDGs 9, 14
Which of the following are effective strategies for managing wastewater in urban areas?
a.Implementing effluent taxes to incentivize industries to reduce pollution.
b.Allowing untreated wastewater to be discharged into nearby rivers to dilute pollutants.
c.Promoting the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation and industrial processes.
d.Reducing the amount of wastewater produced by banning household water usage during
peak hours.
Complete this sentence: "In many cases, there is sufficient water to meet human and
environmental needs, but access is limited by lack of ______________."
a.
infrastructure
b.
money
c.
facility
d.
technology
Is this true or false: "Water scarcity is not always a result of natural processes, changing
climate, or droughts. Issues of water scarcity can result from inadequate or poorly planned
water management policies."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai
Complete this sentence: "Drinking water supply issues are often more pronounced in the
__________ where the building of water supply systems has failed to keep pace with
continued rapid population growth, particularly in large cities."
a.
Global South
b.
Global North
c.
Both are correct
What are the main types of nonpoint sources of water pollution?
a.
Agricultural runoff
b.
Urban runoff
c.
Wastes and sewage from residential areas
d.
Industrial and municipal wastes
Complete this sentence: "The implementation of ___________ wastewater treatment systems
offers a cost-effective alternative."
a.
decentralized
b.
centralized
c.
public

d.
private
CHAPTER 7
Câu hỏi 1
Question paragraph
Complete this sentence: "Approximately 80–85 percent of electricity in the United States is
still derived from ___________."

a.
nuclear energy
b.
fossil fuels
c.
solar energy
d.
coal and gas
Câu hỏi 2

Is this true or false: "In the Global North, buildings account for approximately 60 percent of
all energy use, 50 percent of carbon dioxide emissions, and 20 percent of total water
consumption."

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 3

Which policy can be used to lower renewable energy prices or reduce costs for its producers?

a.
Subsidies

b.
Taxes

c.
Price regulations

d.
Câu hỏi 4

What are the main reasons for the lack of access to electricity in the Global South?

a.
Lack of sufficient power generation capacity

b.
Poor transmission and distribution infrastructure

c.
High costs of supply to remote areas

d.
Lack of affordable electricity

Câu hỏi 5

Complete this sentence: "Smog is found primarily in _______ areas and is often worse in the
summer months when heat and sunshine are more plentiful."

a.
urban

b.
rural
c.
industrial

d.
agricultural
Câu hỏi 6

Is this true or false: "Because fossil fuels contain high levels of carbon, they only release
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when they are combusted."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 7

Complete this sentence: "Electricity is one of the most important sources of ________ energy.
It can be produced from both renewable and ____________ resources."

a.
first; nonrenewable

b.
secondary; nonrenewable

c.
secondary; unrenewable

d.
first; unrenewable

Câu hỏi 8

Complete this sentence: "Nearly half of Africans did not have access to electricity in 2020,
while around ______ percent of sub-Saharan African companies suffered frequent electricity
disruptions leading to economic losses."

a.
50
b.
65

c.
80

d.
95
Câu hỏi 9

Is this true or false: "The United Nations estimates that one billion people living in
sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia do not have access to electricity and hundreds of millions
more live with unreliable or expensive power, which poses a barrier to economic
development."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 10

What is photovoltaic technology?

a.
A method of generating electrical power by converting sunlight directly into electricity.

b.
A method of concentrating energy to drive a generator.

c.
A method of using solar energy to heat water.
Câu hỏi 11

Complete this sentence: "Producing energy from fossil fuels releases pollutants and
__________ into the air, and dependence on these fuels leaves the economy vulnerable to
global volatilities and price fluctuations."

a.
toxic substances

b.
harmful chemicals

c.
carbon dioxide

d.
particulate matter
Câu hỏi 12

Complete this sentence: "Although countries in the Global North still consume the most per
capita in the world, many have seen a decline in overall energy consumed as a result of
adoption of energy __________ technology."

a.
efficiency

b.
saving

c.
conservation

d.
reduction

Câu hỏi 13

According to Benton-Short (2023), what SDGs have strong positive relationships with SDG
7?

a.
SDGs 2, 4

b.
SDGs 9, 12

c.
SDGs 14, 15

d.
SDGs 5, 10

Câu hỏi 14
Complete this sentence: "In 2020, more than _____ percent of the population of Africa,
around 900 million people, lack access to clean cooking."

a.
30

b.
50

c.
70

d.
90

Câu hỏi 15

Which target of SDG 7 focuses on "Double the global rate of improvement in energy
efficiency"?

a.
Target 7.1

b.
Target 7.2

c.
Target 7.3

Câu hỏi 16

Complete this sentence: "_________ is used for two broad purposes: transportation
(including cars, trucks, planes, and trains) and electricity generation, which powers industry,
homes, and commercial buildings."

a.
Energy

b.
Water

c.
Coal

d.
Petroleum

Câu hỏi 17

What are the most significant hurdles to affordable solar and wind energy? Select three.

a.
Regulations

b.
Land-use planning

c.
Interconnection to the power grid

d.
Financing

e.
Customer acquisition

Câu hỏi 18

Who are the most vulnerable to the negative effects of air pollution?

a.
Children

b.
Elderly persons

c.
Pregnant Women
d.
Outdoor workers

Câu hỏi 19

Complete this sentence: "Using corn for energy production contributes a relatively large
_______ footprint, _______ food prices, and is an _______ use of prime agricultural land."

a.
carbon; increases; inefficient

b.
ecological; reduces; inefficient

c.
water; reduces; efficient

d.
material; increases; inefficient

Câu hỏi 20

Is this true or false: "Nowadays, more than three billion people still rely on wood, coal,
charcoal, or animal waste for cooking and heating."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 21

Which country has the highest proportion of renewable energy in the energy portfolio?

a.
Germany

b.
The United States

c.
Tanzania
d.
Vietnam

Câu hỏi 22

Complete this sentence: "At present, _______ leads the world in using wind power, followed
by _______, _______, and _______."

a.
China; the United States; Germany; India

b.
China; the United States; Germany; Japan

c.
China; the United States; Germany; Australia

d.
China; the United States; Germany; France

Câu hỏi 23

Complete this sentence: "Of the three fossil fuels, combusting _____ emits the highest
percentage of carbon dioxide, followed by _____, and _____ in third."

a.
coal; petroleum; natural gas

b.
petroleum; coal; natural gas

c.
petroleum; natural gas; coal

d.
natural gas; coal; petroleum

Câu hỏi 24
Is this true or false: "A lack of access to electricity has little impact on development
indicators, such as health, education, food security, gender equality, livelihoods, and poverty
reduction."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 25

Complete this sentence: "The ________ has less than 5 percent of the world’s population but
consumes 20 percent of its oil and is the top-consuming country for oil, followed by
________, ________, and ________."

a.
United States; China; India; Japan

b.
Japan; United States; China; India

c.
China; United States; India; Japan

d.
India; China; United States; Japan

Câu hỏi 26

Complete this sentence: "A ____________ is created when one ton of greenhouse gas is
captured, avoided, or destroyed to compensate for an equivalent emission made."

a.
carbon offset

b.
carbon credit

c.
carbon tax

d.
carbon permit

Câu hỏi 27
Complete this sentence: "Because ____________ comprise a majority of electricity in the
Global North, energy is a major sustainability challenge."

a.
nuclear energies

b.
fossil fuels

c.
wind and solar energies

d.
coal and natural gas

Câu hỏi 28

What are the drawbacks of wind energy?

a.
Wind turbine blades can cause noise and visually impact the landscape.

b.
Birds and bats have been killed by flying into spinning turbine blades.

c.
Land suitable for wind-turbine installation competes with alternative uses for the land.

d.
It is not cost-effective.

e.
It employs less people than coal.
Câu hỏi 29

Is this true or false: "Recently farmers have benefited from the boost that ethanol has given to
corn prices, but this trend is unlikely to be sustainable in the long term."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 30
What types of energy resources are considered renewable?

a.
Coal and oil

b.
Natural gas and nuclear energy

c.
Biomass and hydroelectricity

d.
Geothermal and solar energy

Câu hỏi 31

Complete this sentence: "_________, the world’s largest producer and consumer of coal,
relies on coal for three-quarters of its electricity."

a.
China

Đúng

b.
India

c.
United States

d.
Germany
Câu hỏi 32

Complete this sentence: "With an average of 300 days of sunshine each year, many areas in
Africa have excellent ______ resources, but currently have less than 1 percent of the global
installed capacity."

a.
solar energy
b.
hydropower energy

c.
wind energy

d.
renewable energy

Câu hỏi 33

What are the main ways to achieve carbon zero (net zero carbon emissions)?

a.
Reducing or limiting energy usage and emissions from transportation.

b.
Generating electricity and other energy from a renewable energy source.

c.
Buying carbon offsets or carbon credits.

d.
Implementing an ETS system and carbon tax.

Câu hỏi 34

Is this true or false: "Hydropower is a largely nonpolluting, and contributes to the ecological,
social, and cultural balance."

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 35

Complete this sentence: "The concept carbon neutral refers to achieving ___________ carbon
emissions by offsetting any carbon released with an equivalent amount of sequestered or
________."

a.
net zero; offset carbon

Đúng
b.
net zero; avoided

c.
net negative; carbon credit

d.
net negative; compensated

Câu hỏi 36

Is this true or false: Green buildings are “structures designed to increase efficiency of
resource use, including energy, water, indoor environmental quality, siting, infrastructure and
pollution."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 37

Complete this sentence: "___________ is largely methane and is called a “cleaner” fossil fuel
because when burned it emits less CO2 and other air pollutants than other fossil fuels."

a.
Natural gas

b.
Coal

c.
Petroleum

d.
Oil
Câu hỏi 38

What types of energy resources are considered nonrenewable?

a.
Coal and oil
b.
Natural gas and nuclear energy

c.
Biomass and hydroelectricity

d.
Geothermal and solar energy

Câu hỏi 39

Is this true or false: "Only homes in developed countries have solar panels and solar water
heaters; and large-scale solar farms in these countries can provide electricity to hundreds of
thousands of customers."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 40

Complete this sentence: "Rural areas lack electrical infrastructure, leaving many to rely on
other sources for _______________, such as wood, kerosene, or animal waste."

a.
cooling and lighting

b.
heating and lighting

c.
transporting and irrigating

d.
cooking and lighting

CHAPTER 8
Câu hỏi 1
Select a correct word to fill this sentence: "To achieve sustainability and the ability to
provide for needs, ____ people must be productively employed."

a.
all
b.
most

c.
Every

d.
Many

Câu hỏi 2

"Is it true or false that having laws and institutions to prevent discrimination at work and
provide remedies is not always enough?"

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 3

What are the main challenges to decent work?

a.
Unemployment

b.
Lack of social protection

c.
Discrimination in employment and occupation

d.
All answers are correct

Câu hỏi 4

Please choose a correct word to complete this sentence: "Child labor is a violation of ______
rights and of the right of everyone to live in a world free from child labor."

a.
basic

b.
civil

c.
children’s
d.
human

Câu hỏi 5

Select a phrase that best fits the following sentence:

"Social protection is the set of ______ designed to reduce and prevent poverty and
vulnerability."

a.
policies and programs

b.
policies and projects

c.
projects and programs

d.
policies and laws

Câu hỏi 6

"Which sector is more supported by the essence of SDG 8: the formal sector or the informal
sector?"

a.
Informal sector

b.
Formal sector

c.
Both sectors

d.
They are the same

Câu hỏi 7

Decent work is defined as jobs that ...

a.
deliver a FAIR income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for families,
and help realize better prospects for personal development and social integration.
b.
deliver a HIGH income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for families,
and help realize better prospects for personal development and social integration.

c.
deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for families, but
DO NOT help realize better prospects for personal development and social integration.

d.
deliver a fair income, help realize better prospects for personal development and social
integration, but DO NOT provide security in the workplace and social protection for families.

Câu hỏi 8

Which SDG that best fits this situation?

"Migrant workers are often affected by economic crises, including reduced employment,
increased xenophobia, deteriorating working conditions, and even violence."

a.
SDG 3

b.
SDG 5

c.
SDG 8

d.
SDG 10

Câu hỏi 9

Please choose a correct adverb to complete this sentence: "_________ child labor is work in
dangerous or unhealthy conditions that could result in a child being killed, injured, sickened,
permanently disabled, or psychologically harmed because of poor safety and health standards
and working arrangements."

a.
Risky

b.
Hazardous
c.
Safe

d.
Protected

Câu hỏi 10

Please choose correct words to complete this sentence: "Child labor is defined as work that
deprives children of their childhood, their potential, and their dignity, and is harmful to
______ development".

a.
physical and mental

b.
emotional and cognitive

c.
social and educational

d.
psychological and intellectual

Câu hỏi 11

Is this true or false?

Economic growth as usual has come at an ecological cost, undermining the foundations of
human well-being and generating tremendous inequalities

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 12

According to the ILO, what are two forms of modern slavery?

a.
forced labor and forced marriage

b.
forced labor and human trafficking
c.
forced labor and sexual exploitation

d.
forced labor and domestic servitude

Câu hỏi 13

Is this true or false?

"Access to paid work is a guarantee of decent work."

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 14

Which SDGs are related to the indicator "Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and
material footprint per GDP"?

a.
SDG 8

b.
SDG 12

c.
SDG 13

d.
SDG 15

Câu hỏi 15

Please choose a correct term to complete this sentence: "______ are payments to farmers or
landowners who have agreed to take certain actions to manage their land or watersheds to
provide an ecological service such as clean water, habitat for animals, or carbon storage in
forests"

a.
Public employment programs

b.
Cash transfer programs
c.
Carbon credits

d.
Payments for ecosystem services

Câu hỏi 16

Select a word that best fills this sentence:

"Social protection systems provide assistance through ____ insurance, tax-funded ____
benefits, ____ assistance services, public works programs, subsidies (for food and fuel), and
other schemes."

a.
private

b.
market

c.
social

d.
Public

Câu hỏi 17

According to Benton-Short (2023), "A sustainable economy can create jobs thanks to _____."

a.
green businesses and sustainable practices

b.
green businesses and innovative technologies

c.
green businesses and green investments

d.
green businesses and environmental regulations
Câu hỏi 18

"According to Benton-Short (2023), which SDGs have a strong positive relationship with
SDG 8?"

a.
SDGs 14 & 15

b.
SDGs 1 & 6

c.
SDGs 3 & 10

d.
SDGs 7 & 12

Câu hỏi 19

Which SDG is related to the target "Promote sustainable tourism"?

a.
SDG 8

b.
SDG 14

c.
SDG 15

d.
SDG 3

Câu hỏi 20

Is this true or false?

"Combating discrimination is seen as the most important part of decent work."

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 21

What are the main challenges to decent work in the Global South?
a.
Child labor

b.
Lack of social protection

c.
Modern slavery

d.
All answers are correct

Câu hỏi 22

Select a phrase that best describes this sentence:

"The lack of social protection leaves people vulnerable to ill-health, poverty, inequality and
_____ throughout their lifecy."

a.
social inclusion

b.
social exclusion

c.
social isolation

d.
social discrimination

Câu hỏi 23

Is this sentence true or false?

"Unequal access to decent work can exacerbate income inequalities."

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 24

"Is it true or false that reducing gender discrimination in the labor market is critical because
gender equality in employment gives women more decision-making power and enhances
family well-being?"

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 25

Select a correct word or phrase to fill this sentence:

Social protections in SDG 8 include social security, unemployment benefits, food stamps, and
investments in _____ for workers.

a.
healthcare and housing

b.
education and job training

c.
safety

d.
well-being

Câu hỏi 26

Is this sentence true or false?

"Access to paid work is a key component of decent work."

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 7

Select a correct word to fill this sentence:

The international standards of work include fair incomes, fundamental rights at work (such as
limits to the hours of work required), work that meets a ____ wage, and treating workers
fairly.

a.
market

b.
living

c.
minimum

d.
shadow
Câu hỏi 28

What are the main challenges to economic sustainability in terms of SDG 8 in developing
countries?

a.
Unsafe working conditions

b.
Underemployment

c.
Unemployment

d.
All answers are correct

Câu hỏi 29

Which answer is perfectly correct (SDG 8)?

a.
Unequal access to decent work can exacerbate income inequalities.

b.
Women are much more likely to work part time.

c.
Persons with disabilities are much less likely to be in formal employment.

d.
All answers are correct

Câu hỏi 30

Please complete this sentence: "According to Benton-Short (2023), the concept of green
growth accepts that economic growth in some form will continue to occur, but that it must
incorporate new ___, ___, and ___".

a.
technologies, practices, policies.

b.
behaviors, technologies, investments

c.
principles, frameworks, initiatives
d.
methods, standards, approaches

Câu hỏi 11

Which SDG is violated in situations where "some countries exclude migrant workers from
social insurance programs or only allow them access to short-term programs"?

a.
SDG 16

b.
SDG 5

c.
SDG 8

d.
SDG 10

Câu hỏi 32

Please choose a correct word that best fits this sentence: "Ecotourism is defined as “_____
travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local
people, and involves interpretation and education.”

a.
low-impact

b.
responsible

c.
harmful

d.
indigenous

Câu hỏi 33

Is this true or false?

"Discrimination prevents opportunities, wastes the human talent needed for economic
progress, and causes social tensions and inequalities."

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 34
Which SDG is related to the target "Improve progressively resource efficiency in
consumption and production"?

a.
SDG 8

b.
SDG 9

c.
SDG 12

d.
SDG 13

CHAPTER 9
Câu hỏi 1

What type of infrastructure is described by Benton-Short (2023) as including healthcare

systems, housing, education systems, parks and playgrounds, financial institutions, and
emergency services?

a.
Soft infrastructure

b.
Social infrastructure

c.
Hard infrastructure

d.
Public infrastructure

Câu hỏi 2

Which target in SDG 9 do you see as most challenging to achieve?

a.
Target 9.1

b.
Target 9.2

c.
Target 9.3
d.
Target 9.4

e.
Target 9.5

Câu hỏi 3

What is the critical trend in infrastructure investments in developing countries?

a.
The public sector plays the leading role in constructing and financing infrastructure.

b.
The private sector plays the leading role in constructing and financing infrastructure.

c.
The public sector has pursued policies to involve the private sector in the delivery and
financing of infrastructure services.

d.
The foreign sector plays the leading role in constructing and financing infrastructure.

Câu hỏi 5

What relationships between SDG 9 and other SDGs are described in this statement:
'Sustainable industrial development may have a positive impact on job creation, sustainable
livelihoods, food security, and equitable growth'?

a.
SDG 1

b.
SDG 2

c.
SDG 8

d.
SDG 10

Câu hỏi 6

Complete this sentence: "UNIDO defines sustainable industrial development as industrial

development that is linked to formal job markets and _____, _____and environmental
standards."

a.
health, safety
b.
social, economic

c.
socioeconomic, technical

d.
inclusive, safe

Câu hỏi 7

What relationships between SDG 9 and other SDGs are described in this statement: 'Digital
transformation has a number of advantages, including the future of work, child online
protection, digital sexual violence, and electronic waste'?

a.
SDG 8

b.
SDG 16

c.
SDG 5

d.
SDG 12

Câu hỏi 8

Complete this sentence: "_______ research involves a department staffed by engineers who
are tasked to develop new products."

a.
Applied

b.
Basic

c.
Experimental

d.
Fundamental

Câu hỏi 9

Complete this sentence: "The term research and development (R&D) is widely linked to
_____ both in the corporate and government world or the public and private sectors."
a.
creativity

b.
innovation

c.
investment

d.
Advancement

Câu hỏi 10

Choose the best fit term for this sentence: "The benefits of successful R&D can improve
existing products and services and gain a ____________ for a company."

a.
competitive advantage

b.
long-run profit

c.
short-run profit

d.
better reputation

Câu hỏi 11

"Improvements to road conditions can also improve access to education, health care, and a
higher quality of life". This statement implies the interconnectedness between SDG 9
(Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and which other SDGs?

a.
SDG 3

b.
SDG 4

c.
SDG 11

d.
SDG 5

Câu hỏi 12
The target of SDG 9 relates to this statement: "Increase the access of small-scale industrial
and other enterprises to financial services, and their integration into value chains and
markets."

a.
Target 9.3

b.
Target 9.2

c.
Target 9.4

d.
Target 9.5

Câu hỏi 13

What relationships between SDG 9 and other SDGs are described in this statement:
'Inadequate ICT infrastructure is a significant impediment to economic growth and poverty
alleviation'?

a.
SDG 8

b.
SDG 1

c.
SDG 2

d.
SDG 10

Câu hỏi 16

Which SDG directly includes this Indicator: "CO2 emission per unit of value added"?

a.
SDG 2

b.
SDG 9

c.
SDG 12

d.
SDG 13
Câu hỏi 17

"According to Benton-Short (2023), which SDGs have a strong positive relationship with
SDG 9?"

a.
SDGs 2, 3

b.
SDGs 3, 8

c.
SDGs 13, 14

d.
SDGs 6, 10

Câu hỏi 18

What relationships between SDG 9 and other SDGs are described in this statement: 'Paved
roads have some downsides, such as increasing access to remote areas, natural resource
extraction, and hunting and illegal harvesting, all of which can have effects on wildlife.'?

a.
SDG 12

b.
SDG 13

c.
SDG 15

d.
SDG 1

Câu hỏi 19

Which Target of SDG 9 relates to this statement: "Develop quality, reliable, sustainable, and
resilient infrastructure ... for all."

a.
Target 9.1

b.
Target 9.2

c.
Target 9.3
d.
Target 9.4

Câu hỏi 20

What relationships between SDG 9 and other SDGs are described in this statement: 'Rural
infrastructure projects help increase economic productivity, school enrollment, access to
health services, and access to clean water.'?

a.
SDG 3

b.
SDG 4

c.
SDG 6

d.
SDG 8

Câu hỏi 21

What relationships between SDG 9 and other SDGs are described in this statement: 'Modern
manufacturing industries create jobs, help improve incomes and thus reduces poverty.
However, it causes air pollution'?

a.
SDG 1

b.
SDG 8

c.
SDG 11

d.
SDG 13

Câu hỏi 22

Please choose the reasons why industrialization is fundamental to human development.

a.
It is an essential means for incorporating technological progress and innovation and
promoting its use.

b.
It offers a unique opportunity for learning, improvement, and transformation.
c.
It empowers people to access productive resources and produce more goods for human needs.

d.
It does not harm natural environments.

Câu hỏi 3

Which SDG this statement belongs to: "With better access to microfinance, the poor are able
to invest in tools to increase productivity, start a microenterprise, invest in education or
health, or even take time to search for better opportunities."?

a.
SDG 1

b.
SDG 2

c.
SDG 9

d.
SDG 3

Câu hỏi 24

What relationships between SDG 9 and other SDGs are described in this statement: 'The
process of industrialization in the twentieth century is largely responsible for much of the
environmental destruction and degradation such as pollution, climate change, habitat
destruction, and overexploitation of natural resources'?

a.
SDG 12

b.
SDG 13

c.
SDG 14

d.
SDG 15

Câu hỏi 25

What relationships between SDG 9 and other SDGs are described in this statement: "Without
access to microfinance, the poor are unable to invest in tools to increase productivity, invest
in education, or even take time to search for better opportunities."?

a.
SDG 1

b.
SDG 4

c.
SDG 8

d.
SDG 10

Câu hỏi 26

What type of infrastructure is described by Benton-Short (2023) as including transportation

(roads, airports, water ports, railways, and subways), energy (the delivery of electricity, dams,
utility systems), telecommunications, and solid waste (collection and disposal, hazardous
waste)?

a.
Soft infrastructure

b.
Social infrastructure

c.
Hard infrastructure

d.
Public infrastructure

Câu hỏi 27

What relationships between SDG 9 and other SDGs are described in this statement: 'Rural
road projects help increase economic productivity, school enrollment, access to health
services, and women’s empowerment.'?

a.
SDG 3

b.
SDG 4

c.
SDG 5

d.
SDG 8

Câu hỏi 28
Which SDG directly includes this Indicator: "Researchers (in full-time equivalent) per
million inhabitants"?

a.
SDG 4

b.
SDG 9

c.
SDG 4

d.
SDG 8

Câu hỏi 29

What are possible solutions for infrastructure, industry and innovation in developing
countries?

a.
Expand and improve transportation infrastructure

b.
Join China's Belt and Road Initiative

c.
Build resilient infrastructure

d.
Use creative financial services such as microfinance

Câu hỏi 30

Which Target of SDG 9 relates to this statement: "Promote inclusive and sustainable
industrialization ..."

a.
Target 9.2

b.
Target 9.1

c.
Target 9.3

d.
Target 9.4
Câu hỏi 31

Which Target of SDG 9 relates to this statement: "Increase the access of small-scale industrial
and other enterprises to financial services, and their integration into value chains and
markets."

a.
Target 9.3

b.
Target 9.2

c.
Target 9.4

d.
Target 9.5

CHAPTER 10
Câu hỏi 1:
Is this true or false: "Household surveys inevitably omit homeless persons, people in
institutions, including prisons and refugee camps, and mobile and nomadic populations"?

True

False

Câu hỏi 2:

What Gini index value is considered to indicate a medium level of inequality?

a. 0.5 or above

b. 0.3 or above

c. Below 0.3

d. 0.7 or above

Câu hỏi 3:
In which year was 'The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination' created by the United Nations?

a.1945
b.1955
c.1965
d.1975
Câu hỏi 4:
What Gini index value is considered to indicate a high level of inequality?

a.0.5 or above
b.0.3 or above
c.Below 0.3
d.0.7 or above

Câu hỏi 5:
Which target of SDG 10 is related to the statement: 'Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage,
and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality'?

a.Target 10.1
b.Target 10.2
c.Target 10.3
d.Target 10.4

Câu hỏi 6:
Is this true or false: "In most countries, it is considered unacceptable to deny people work,
access to healthcare, education, or the right to participate in government because of their
age"?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 7:
Is this true or false: "Although race and ethnicity may be socially constructed, and largely
abstract, this does not negate their potent real-world influence"?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 8:
Is this true or false: "The United States has greater inequality than most other high-income
nations."?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 9:
Which target of SDG 10 is related to the statement: 'Empower and promote the social,
economic, and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity,
origin, religion, or economic or other status'?

a.Target 10.1
b.Target 10.2
c.Target 10.3
d.Target 10.4

Câu hỏi 10:

Is this true or false: "Both relative and absolute global inequality among countries has
declined steadily over the past few decades."?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 11:

What are the evidences of inequalities between rural and urban groups in the Global South?

a.Income per capita is higher in urban areas than in rural areas.

b.There are notable geographic differences.

c.Urban areas have higher population density than rural areas.

d.Rural areas have poorer infrastructures and public services than urban areas.

Câu hỏi 12:

Is this statement true or false: 'The decrease in the Gini index was driven primarily by
decreasing inequality both between countries and within countries'?
Select one:
True
False Correct

Câu hỏi 13:

What is the often used measure of general inequality?

a.GINI Coefficient
b.Shorrocks Index
c.Global Multidimensional Poverty Index
d.Gender Inequality Index

Câu hỏi 14:

According to Benton-Short (2023), which SDGs have a strong positive relationship with
SDG 10?

a.SDGs 3 & 4
b.SDGs 1 & 11
c.SDGs 6 & 7
d.SDGs 9 & 12

Câu hỏi 15:

According to the development economist Frances Stewart, "what is the inequality between
individuals, typically measured by income"?

a.Income inequality
b.Vertical inequality
c.Horizontal inequality
d.Wealth inequality
Câu hỏi 16:
Which solution is closely related to this statement: "Low interest rates for the poor,
tuition-free education, and increasing taxes on the wealthiest."?

a.Increase investment in rural development

b.Eliminate discrimination
c.Redistribute wealth
d.All answers are correct

Câu hỏi 17:

Is this true or false: "Under international human rights law, governments have to respect and
protect all citizens, excluding those with disabilities"?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 18:

Which target of SDG 10 is related to the following solution: 'Increase investments in rural
development'?

a.Target 10.1
b.Target 10.2
c.Target 10.5
d.Target 10.7

Câu hỏi 19:

Is this true or false: "In many lower-income countries, it was found that people with
disabilities were significantly worse off, were more likely to experience multiple
deprivations, and had lower educational attainment and employment rates than nondisabled
people."?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 20:

Is this true or false: "In the United States, much of the income growth of the past decades has
accrued to the top 1 percent of the income bracket, while income growth for middle and
lower quintiles has grown much more slowly."?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 21:

What Gini index value is considered to indicate a low level of inequality?

a.0.5 or above
b.0.3 or above
c.Below 0.3
d.0.7 or above
Câu hỏi 22:
Is this true or false: "Discrimination based on ethnicity has been particularly pronounced
among many of the world’s Indigenous people"?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 23:

According to the development economist Frances Stewart, "what is the inequality between
individuals based on sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, race, class, ethnicity, and
religion"?

a.Income inequality
b.Vertical inequality
c.Horizontal inequality
d.Social inequality

Câu hỏi 24:

Is this true or false: "Race and ethnicity continue to be the most significant reason for
discrimination and treatment that can determine an individual’s ability to be successful"?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 25: What is the range of the GINI coefficient?

a.Between 0 and 1
b.Between -1 and 1
c.Greater than 0
d.Any value

CHAPTER 11
Câu hỏi 1:
What is a megacity?

a.An urban area with a population of over 10 million people.

b.An urban area with a population of over 5 million people.
c.An urban area with a population of over 20 million people.
d.An urban area with a population of over 1 million people.

Câu hỏi 2:
What defines a resilient city?

a.A city that focuses exclusively on historical preservation and maintaining traditional
infrastructure.

b.A city designed to adapt and recover quickly from environmental, economic, or social
disruptions, and to withstand future challenges.
c.A city that has no infrastructure or planning measures in place for disaster response or
climate change adaptation.

Câu hỏi 3:
How many targets are there for SDG 11?

a.5
b.7
c.8
d.10

Câu hỏi 4:
Which is the biggest megacity in the world?

a.Delhi
b.Shanghai
c.Tokyo
d.Sao Paulo

Câu hỏi 5:
Which of the following cities is recognized for its innovative urban planning and
sustainability practices, making it one of the greenest cities in the world?

a.Tokyo, Japan
b.Vancouver, Canada
c.Curitiba, Brazil
d.Dubai, UAE

Câu hỏi 6:
According to Benton-Short (2023), what SDGs have strong positive relationships with SDG
11?

a.SDGs 4, 5
b.SDGs 13, 14
c.SDGs 1, 17
d.SDGs 6, 7

Câu hỏi 7:
In 2017, what percentage of the world population was living in urban areas?

a.About 45 percent
b.About 55 percent
c.About 65 percent
d.About 75 percent

Câu hỏi 8:
Complete this sentence: "________ factors of urbanization are those that draw people to
cities: greater interconnectivity, increased access to services and amenities, and increased
opportunities to improve one’s life."
a.Push
b.Pull
c.Attractive
d.Positive

Câu hỏi 9:
Which SDG includes a target to 'Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s
cultural and natural heritage'?

a.SDG 11
b.SDG 13
c.SDG 14
d.SDG 15

Câu hỏi 10:

Which target of SDG 11 focuses on "Provide access to safe, affordable, accessible, and
sustainable transport systems for all"?

a.Target 11.1
b.Target 11.2
c.Target 11.3
d.Target 11.4

Câu hỏi 11:

Complete this sentence: "_________ footprint measures how much land and water area a
human population requires to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes."

a.ecological
b.urban
c.material
d.carbon

Câu hỏi 12:

By 2050, what percentage of the world population will be living in urban areas?

a.About 48 percent
b.About 58 percent
c.About 68 percent
d.About 78 percent

Câu hỏi 13:

What is a brownfield?

a.A type of urban park developed for recreational activities.

b.A previously used industrial or commercial site that may be contaminated and is now under
redevelopment or reuse.
c.A newly developed residential area with modern infrastructure and facilities.

Câu hỏi 14:

Which SDG includes a target to 'Provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible,
green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons, and persons
with disabilities'?

a.SDG 11
b.SDG 8
c.SDG 10
d.SDG 5

Câu hỏi 15:

Complete this sentence: "A genuinely ____________ city is a place where the environment is
protected, the economy can sufficiently provide its residents with basic needs such as food
and shelter, and the residents who live there have opportunities to live good lives."

a.sustainable
b.modern
c.green
d.resilient

Câu hỏi 16:

Is this true or false: "Slums arise due to the inability of formal markets and public authorities
to provide enough affordable and accessible housing, and the continuing wave of rural to
urban migration."?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 17:

What are some effective solutions for creating more sustainable cities?

a.Create urban sustainability plans

b.Upgrade and integrate slums
c.Develop brownfields
d.Plan for resilience

Câu hỏi 18:

What is a key characteristic of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems?

a.BRT systems use exclusively electric buses and have no dedicated lanes.
b.BRT systems involve high-speed trains that operate on elevated tracks.
c.BRT systems feature dedicated bus lanes, priority at traffic signals, and frequent,
high-capacity buses to improve public transit efficiency.
d.BRT systems are primarily designed for intercity travel with long-distance routes.

Câu hỏi 19:

Select all push factors of urbanization?

a.Lack of rural investment in infrastructure

b.Lack of economic opportunities in rural areas
c.Higher levels of inequalities such as poverty in rural areas
d.Lack of access to health care and education
e.Increased access to services and amenities in cities
f.Increased opportunities to improve one's life in urban areas

Câu hỏi 20:

What are the new urban forms?

a.Megacities
b.Minicities
c.Monocities
d.Slums
e.Postindustrial cities
f.Modern cities
g.Green cities

Câu hỏi 21:

Is this true or false: "Greening the city is sufficient to achieve a sustainable city."?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 22:

What is a metacity?

a.An urban area with a population of over 10 million people.

b.An urban area with a population of over 30 million people.
c.An urban area with a population of over 20 million people.
d.An urban area with a population of over 100 million people.

Câu hỏi 23:

What does the term "urban footprint" refer to?

a.The total area of a city’s residential and commercial buildings without considering green
spaces.
b.The environmental impact of a city’s activities, including its use of natural resources and
waste production.
c.The area of land covered by a city, including both built environments and surrounding green
spaces.
d.The number of people living in a city and their average income levels.

Câu hỏi 24:

Complete this sentence: "_____________ hazards include floods, windstorms, landslides,
heat waves and biting cold, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions."

a.Climate
b.Natural
c.Environmental
d.Social

Câu hỏi 25:

What is a megacity?

a.An urban area with a population of over 10 million people.

b.An urban area with a population of over 5 million people.
c.An urban area with a population of over 20 million people.
d.An urban area with a population of over 1 million people.

Câu hỏi 26:

Complete this sentence: "________ factors of urbanization are those conditions that often
make an individual or family migrate to an urban area out of desperation."

a.Push
b.Pull
c.External
d.Main

Câu hỏi 27:

What defines a resilient city?

a.A city that focuses exclusively on historical preservation and maintaining traditional
infrastructure.
b.A city designed to adapt and recover quickly from environmental, economic, or social
disruptions, and to withstand future challenges.
c.A city that has no infrastructure or planning measures in place for disaster response or
climate change adaptation.

CHAPTER 12
Câu hỏi 1:
Which target of SDG 12 is related to "Sustainable business practices and sustainability
reports"?

a.Target 12.5
b.Target 12.6
c.Target 12.7
d.Target 12.8

Câu hỏi 2:
Complete this sentence: "Waste in production includes both by-products (such as pollution)
and ______ in resource use."

a.inefficiencies
b.mismanagement
c.losses
d.deficiencies

Câu hỏi 3:
Which target of SDG 12 is related to 'Green/sustainable' public procurement practices?

a.Target 12.5
b.Target 12.6
c.Target 12.7
d.Target 12.8

Câu hỏi 4:
What is sustainable consumption?

a.Decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation

b.Increasing resource efficiency
c.Promoting sustainable lifestyles
d.Buying local products

Câu hỏi 5:
Which SDG has Target(s) and/or Indicator(s) relating to "Sustainable practices"?

a.SDG 1
b.SDG 2
c.SDG 12
d.SDG 15

Câu hỏi 6:
What are the main objectives of the Circular Economy?

a.Design out waste and pollution

b.Keep products and materials in use
c.Regenerate natural systems
d.Take, make, use, and, throw away

Câu hỏi 7:
"According to Benton-Short (2023), which SDGs have a strong positive relationship with
SDG 12?"

a.SDGs 1 & 2
b.SDGs 8 & 9
c.SDGs 3 & 15
d.SDGs 8 & 13

Câu hỏi 8:
What are the forms of waste according to Benton-Short (2023)?

a.Solid waste
b.Inefficient production or consumption of a good or service
c.Liquid Waste
d.Hazardous Waste

Câu hỏi 10:

Which target of SDG 12 is related to "good waste and food loss"?

a.Target 12.2
b.Target 12.3
c.Target 12.5
d.Target 12.6

Câu hỏi 11:

What is the dark side of the fast fashion industry?

a.Environmental costs
b.Exploitative labor
c.Wage theft
d.Mistreatment of workers abroad

Câu hỏi 12:

Which SDG has an indicator relating to "Food loss index"?

a.SDG 1
b.SDG 2
c.SDG 12
d.SDG 15

Câu hỏi 13:

What are solutions to create sustainable consumption and production?

a.Move to Zero Waste

b.Eliminate Persistent Organic Pollutants
c.Use Life Cycle Assessment Approach
d.Create a Circular Economy

Câu hỏi 14:

Is this true or false: Sustainable consumption and production is defined as 'the use of services
and related products, which respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life, while
minimizing the use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste
and pollutants over the life cycle of the service or product so as not to jeopardize the needs of
future generations'.?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 15:

Choose the correct term for this description: "Manufacturers and producers have no
responsibility for dealing with a product at the end of its life"?

a.Cradle-to-cradle
b.Cradle-to-grave
c.Extended producer responsibility
d.Circular economy

Câu hỏi 16:

Select the most appropriate answer:

a.If everyone on Earth were to consume at the American rate, there would need to be 5.3
Earths.
b.If everyone on Earth were to consume at the Vietnamese rate, there would need to be 5.3
Earths.
c.If everyone on Earth were to consume at the Burundian rate, there would need to be 5.3
Earths.
d.If everyone on Earth were to consume at the European rate, there would need to be 5.3
Earths.

Câu hỏi 17:

What is a new set of e-waste management challenges?

a.Throwaway culture
b.Planned obsolescence
c.Preference for convenience over conservation
d.E-commerce

Câu hỏi 18:

Choose the possible correct answers:

a.The ecological footprint calculates human consumption of resources in relation to the

Earth’s renewable capacity.
b.The ecological footprint approximates how much productive land and water are needed to
provide for a population.
c.The ecological footprint can be measured at individual scale only.
d.Ecological footprint and materials footprint are the same.

Câu hỏi 19:

Which target of SDG 12 is related to the statement: 'Achieve the sustainable management and
efficient use of natural resources'?

a.Target 12.2
b.Target 12.3
c.Target 12.5
d.Target 12.6

Câu hỏi 20:

Choose the correct term for this description: "It is based on the principles of designing out
waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use, and regenerating natural systems,
where the emphasis is on reuse"?

a.Cradle-to-cradle
b.Cradle-to-grave
c.Extended producer responsibility
d.Circular economy

Câu hỏi 21:

What is the implication of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)?

a.The early stages economic development will initially lead to a deterioration in the
environment, but at a certain level of economic development, society begins to improve its
relationship with the environment.

b.Environmental degradation initially increases with economic growth but eventually

decreases after reaching a certain level of economic development.

c.Economic growth is good for the environment (“the solution to pollution is economic
growth”).

d.An improved environment is unlikely to occur without government regulations and

changing attitudes.

Câu hỏi 22:

Choose the correct term for this description: "A product that is taken back by the
manufacturer at the end of its useful life, at which point its components or materials are used
to make new products of equal or higher value"?

a.Cradle-to-cradle
b.Cradle-to-grave
c.Extended producer responsibility
d.Circular economy

Câu hỏi 23:

What are the problems of plastics in our daily life?

a.Single-use
b.Takeaway food
c.Throwaway culture
d.Microplastics

Câu hỏi 24:

What term is used to indicate the adverse impacts of production on the environment and
health? (câu này nếu chọn 1 thì b) -> (chọn 2 thì a và b )

a.Environmental costs
b.Negative externalities
c.Positive externalities
d.Health costs

Câu hỏi 25:

Complete this sentence: "Copper mining operations _____ physical disturbances to the
landscape, ______ soil and water and air, and can ______ health and safety impacts on
laborers and surrounding communities."

a.causes, contaminates, has

b.cause, contaminate, have
c.have, contaminate, cause
d.cause, contaminating, have

Câu hỏi 26:

Which SDG has an indicator relating to "Sustainability reports"?

a.SDG 8
b.SDG 9
c.SDG 12
d.SDG 16

Câu hỏi 27:

What are the strategies towards "Zero Waste"?

a.Change the consumer responsibility

b.Change the producer responsibility
c.Encourage repair, reuse and donation sites
d.Increase rates of recycling and composting

Câu hỏi 28:

Which SDGs have an indicator relating to "Material footprint, material footprint per capita,
and material footprint per GDP"?

a.SDG 8
b.SDG 12
c.SDG 9
d.SDG 13

Câu hỏi 29:

Is this true or false: "The ecological footprint does not calculate all environmental impacts,
but it is a representative measure"?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 30:

Choose the correct term for this description: "A methodology used for understanding the
environmental impact of a product throughout its entire life cycle: from raw material
extraction through production, use, and waste treatment, to final disposal"?

a.Cradle-to-cradle
b.Cradle-to-grave
c.Life cycle assessment
d.Circular economy

CHAPTER 13
Câu hỏi 1:
Which SDGs have direct relationships with SDG 13 through this sentence: "Climate change
is predicted to worsen gender inequalities, for example in cases in which girls are the first to
be withdrawn from schooling in response to drought or other climate-related shocks."

a.SDG 4
b.SDG 5
c.SDG 10
d.SDG 8

Câu hỏi 2:
How does an Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) help reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

a.By providing tax incentives for companies that increase their energy consumption.
b.By allowing companies with lower emissions to sell their excess allowances to those with
higher emissions.
c.By banning all fossil fuel use within the trading region.
d.By promoting the use of electric vehicles exclusively.

Câu hỏi 3:
What does the abbreviation IPCC stand for?

a.International Panel on Climate Change

b.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
c.International Partnership for Climate Conservation
d.Independent Program on Climate Control

Câu hỏi 4:
Complete this sentence: "_________ can also include anything that increases energy
efficiency—such as retrofitting buildings to make them more energy efficient, moving toward
electric vehicles and bus rapid transit."

a.Adaptation
b.Mitigation
c.Both are correct
d.None is correct

Câu hỏi 5:
Which U.S. President was responsible for the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris
Agreement?

a.George W. Bush
b.Barack Obama
c.Donald Trump
d.Joe Biden

Câu hỏi 6:
What is the concept described as "Greenhouse gases absorb some of the energy that is
radiated from the surface of the earth and delays it in the atmosphere like a blanket, making
the earth’s surface warmer than it would be otherwise."?

a.Greenhouse effect
b.Global warming
c.Gas radiation
d.Climate change

Câu hỏi 7:
What are the primary sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs)?

a.Fluorinated gases
b.Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c.Methane (CH4)
d.Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Câu hỏi 8:
What is the primary purpose of the COP (Conference of the Parties) in the context of climate
change?

a.To review and adjust international trade agreements related to environmental goods.
b.To hold annual meetings where countries negotiate and advance global agreements on
climate change and environmental policies.
c.To provide financial support for renewable energy projects around the world.
d.To establish global standards for industrial emissions and pollution control.

Câu hỏi 9:
Which of the following best defines "climate change"?

a.The natural variation in weather patterns that occurs over a year.

b.The long-term alteration in temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.
c.Short-term fluctuations in local weather conditions, such as daily temperature changes.
d.Changes in weather patterns caused by volcanic eruptions.

Câu hỏi 10:

What are the examples of climate adaptation?

a.Reconsider land-use zoning

b.Create community cooling centers, neighborhood watch programs
c.Build floodwalls, dikes, and levees
d.Restore wetlands and sand dunes to better absorb storm intensity
e.Establish water conservation measures

Câu hỏi 11:

What was a significant outcome of COP21 (Conference of the Parties 21) held in Paris in
2015 regarding global temperature?

a.Establishing a target to keep global temperature rise well below 2°C above pre-Industrial
Revolution levels, with efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.
b.Agreeing to a global target of reducing temperatures to pre-Industrial Revolution levels.
c.Creating a framework for expanding fossil fuel use to support economic development.
d.Setting a target for regional temperature reductions without a global temperature goal.

Câu hỏi 12:

Which SDG has the target "Improve education, awareness-raising, and human and
institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early
warning."?

a.SDG 4
b.SDG 9
c.SDG 13
d.SDG 17

Câu hỏi 13:

Complete this sentence: "____________ can encourage the spread of products that emit less
CO2 and accelerate the development of energy-saving technologies."

a.Carbon taxes
b.Emission taxes
c.Product taxes
d.Environmental taxes

Câu hỏi 14:

Complete this sentence: "The _______ cost of carbon represents the monetary cost of the
damages caused by the release of each additional ton of CO2 into the atmosphere."

a.social
b.market
c.external
d.financial

Câu hỏi 15:

Which of the following are components of the carbon market?

a.Emission Trading Scheme (ETS)

b.Carbon offset programs for conservation projects
c.Government subsidies for fossil fuel production
d.Renewable energy certificates issued for wind farms

Câu hỏi 16:

What is the Anthropocene?

a.A geological epoch defined by the predominance of glaciation.

b.A proposed geological epoch characterized by significant human impact on the Earth's
geology and ecosystems.
c.A period of time when Earth's climate was stable and unchanging.

Câu hỏi 17:

Which of the following are ways in which current food systems contribute to climate change?

a.High greenhouse gas emissions from large-scale livestock production

b.Large-scale deforestation for agricultural expansion
c.Increased carbon sequestration through sustainable farming practices
d.Excessive use of synthetic fertilizers leading to nitrous oxide emissions
e.Promotion of plant-based diets that reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions

Câu hỏi 18:

According to Benton-Short (2023), what SDGs have strong positive relationships with SDG
13?
a.SDGs 7, 10
b.SDGs 14, 17
c.SDGs 1, 2
d.SDGs 8, 9

Câu hỏi 19:

What was a major focus of COP26 (Conference of the Parties 26) held in Glasgow in 2021?

a.Expanding global trade agreements to include environmental regulations.

b.Developing new technologies for space exploration and their environmental impacts.
c.Advancing commitments and strategies to achieve Net Zero greenhouse gas emissions by
mid-century.
d.Increasing subsidies for fossil fuel industries to boost economic growth.

Câu hỏi 20:

Complete this sentence: "__________ encompasses __________ but refers to a broader range
of changes occurring, such as precipitation, wind patterns, temperature, rising sea levels,
shrinking mountain glaciers, accelerating ice melt, and shift in flower/plant blooming times."

a.Climate change; global warming

b.Global warming; climate change
c.Climate change; greenhouse effect
d.Global warming; climate effect

Câu hỏi 21:

Complete this sentence: "If we examine total CO2 emission per capita, ____________ is the
largest CO2 emitter."

a.China
b.India
c.the United States
d.England

Câu hỏi 22:

What are the examples of climate mitigation?

a.Set a cap on GHG emissions

b.Invest in and deploy an increasing percentage of energy in the form of renewable-energy
technologies
c.Remove fossil-fuel subsidies like depletion allowances, tax relief to consumers, support for
oil and gas exploration
d.Prevent tropical deforestation and encourage the planting of trees and other vegetation that
can act as carbon sinks
e.Increase energy efficiency by making energy conservation rules more stringent

Câu hỏi 23:

Which target of SDG 13 focuses on Green Climate Fund?

a.Target 13.2
b.Target 13.3
c.Target 13.A
d.Target 13.B

Câu hỏi 24:

Which of the following gases are classified as greenhouse gases (GHGs)?

a.Water vapor
b.Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c.Methane (CH4)
d.Nitrous oxide (N2O)
e.Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Câu hỏi 25:

Which of the following statements is true regarding Taylor Swift and carbon credits?

a.Taylor Swift has purchased carbon credits to offset the emissions from her concert tours.
b.Taylor Swift has sold carbon credits as part of her environmental activism.
c.Taylor Swift has criticized carbon credits as ineffective for addressing climate change.
d.Taylor Swift has launched a carbon credit trading platform for musicians.

Câu hỏi 26:

Complete this sentence: "The idea of ______________ justice is that present generations
have certain duties toward future generations."

a.intergenerational
b.environmental justice
c.climate justice
d.sustainable

Câu hỏi 27:

Is this true or false: "In order to assess the science related to climate change, the IPCC has to
carry out new research."
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 28:

How many targets are included in SDG 13?

a.3
b.4
c.5
d.7

Câu hỏi 29:

List all potential impacts of climate change:

a.Increased ocean acidification

b.Species loss and extinction
c.Increases in poverty and disadvantage among some populations
d.Projected increases in risks from some vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue
fever
e.Smaller net production in yields of maize, rice, wheat, and potentially other cereal crops

Câu hỏi 30:

Which of the following is a potential benefit of an Emission Trading Scheme (ETS)?

a.It can encourage companies to innovate in emission-reducing technologies due to financial

incentives.
b.It guarantees a complete elimination of greenhouse gas emissions.
c.It requires companies to reduce their energy use by 50% immediately.
d.It provides government funding for renewable energy infrastructure projects.

Câu hỏi 31:

Which of the following best describes the concept of climate justice?

a.Climate justice focuses on the fair distribution of climate change mitigation costs among
different countries.
b.Climate justice emphasizes that those who contribute the least to climate change are often
the most affected and advocates for equitable solutions to address these impacts.
c.Climate justice is concerned solely with the technological advancements in renewable
energy to combat climate change.

Câu hỏi 32:

Is this true or false: "Increased CO2 emissions cause ocean acidification that affects
numerous fish species that are a major part of the coastal food chain."?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 33:

Complete this sentence: "Rising temperatures amplify the exposure of small islands,
low-lying coastal areas, and deltas to the risks associated with sea-level rise, including
increased saltwater intrusion, __________, and damage to infrastructure."

a.drought
b.flooding
c.flash floods
d.storm

Câu hỏi 34:

Which of the following actions by a company are examples of climate change adaptation?

a.Developing new technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

b.Upgrading infrastructure to withstand extreme weather events
c.Reducing the carbon footprint of its supply chain
d.Implementing training programs for employees on climate risk management

Câu hỏi 35:

Is this true or false: "Those countries with significantly large GHG emissions raise issues of
equity, as climate change will impact all areas of the world, including countries that
contribute very little GHGs."?
Select one:
True
False

Câu hỏi 36:

Complete this sentence: "While ________ addresses the causes of climate change, _______
concerns preparing society, our infrastructure, and ecological systems for the effects."

a.mitigation; adaptation
b.adaptation; mitigation
c.reduction; resilience
d.resilience; reduction

Câu hỏi 37:

Which of the following are impacts of climate change on the Vietnamese Mekong Delta?

a.Increased salinity in freshwater resources

b.Improved agricultural yields due to longer growing seasons
c.More frequent and severe flooding
d.Rising sea levels threatening coastal areas
e.Reduced frequency of typhoons and storms

Câu hỏi 38:

What is the concept of "planetary boundaries"?

a.The limits set by international agreements for the maximum amount of greenhouse gases
that can be emitted.
b.The thresholds within which humanity can safely operate without causing significant
environmental degradation and disrupting Earth's systems.
c.The boundaries of individual countries used to measure their environmental impact and
sustainability.
d.The geographical limits of natural resources available for extraction and use.

Câu hỏi 40:

List all potential impacts of climate change:

a.Increased extreme temperatures in many regions.

b.Increases in frequency, intensity, and amount of heavy precipitation.
c.Increases in intensity or frequency of droughts.
d.Sea-level rise
e.Ocean warming

Câu hỏi 41:

What does the term "carbon footprint per capita" refer to?

a.The total amount of carbon dioxide produced by the global population annually.
b.The average amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by an individual throughout their lifetime.
c.The total greenhouse gas emissions produced by a country divided by its population size at
a given time period.
d.The amount of carbon dioxide emissions generated solely by vehicles in a specific region.

CHAPTER 14

Câu hỏi 1 Which of the following actions are effective in reducing ocean pollution?

a.Using extended producer responsibility to encourage sustainable product design and

promote standards for reduction, reuse, and recycling
b.Increasing the use of single-use plastics for convenience
c.Investing massively in waste collection and recycling technology and infrastructure
d.Expanding offshore drilling activities for oil and gas

Câu hỏi 2 Which of the following actions contribute to developing a sustainable ocean
economy?

a.Implementing tourism taxes as payment for ecosystem services

b.Expanding deep-sea mining operations to boost economic growth
c.Accelerating financial incentives for including nature-based solutions in sustainable tourism
infrastructure
d.Promoting unregulated coastal development to attract more tourists

Câu hỏi 3 Complete this sentence: "__________ runoff includes sediment and chemicals
from farm fields, city streets, suburban lawns, and other dispersed sources."

a.Surface
b.Nonpoint
c.Stormwater
d.Agricultural

Câu hỏi 4 Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of pollution via
bioaccumulation?

a.Pollutants become more concentrated at higher levels of the food chain, causing severe
effects on top predators.
b.Pollutants accumulate in the tissues of individual organisms over time, potentially leading
to harmful effects at the individual level.
c.Pollutants are broken down and detoxified by organisms, reducing their harmful effects in
the environment.
d.Pollutants are rapidly dispersed across large areas of an ecosystem, affecting multiple
species simultaneously.

Câu hỏi 5 Complete this sentence: "Investing in restoring and expanding the ______ carbon
ecosystems of mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes will increase carbon storage."

a.blue
b.green
c.coastal
d.human-made

Câu hỏi 6 Who is the author of the influential 1968 essay titled "The Tragedy of the
Commons"?

a.Elinor Ostrom
b.Garret Hardin
c.John Muir was a conservationist known for his work on natural preservation but did not
write "The Tragedy of the Commons."
d.Rachel Carson

Câu hỏi 7 Which of the following factors contribute to the rapid loss of biodiversity in
marine life?

a.Pollution
b.Overfishing
c.Increased sunlight
d.Natural climate cycles can influence marine biodiversity, but the rapid loss observed today
is more directly linked to human activities like pollution and overfishing.

Câu hỏi 8 Is this true or false: "The most effective way of stopping pollutants from entering
the ocean is to tackle the root causes of pollution on land"?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 9 Which of the following actions are effective for promoting sustainable ocean food
practices?

a.Eliminating illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing by incentivizing the use of the
latest innovations and technologies
b.Subsidizing the expansion of commercial fishing fleets to increase catch volumes
c.Prohibiting harmful fisheries subsidies that contribute to overcapacity, overfishing, and
illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing
d.Encouraging the use of non-selective fishing gear to maximize catch diversity

Câu hỏi 10 Which of the following destructive fishing methods contribute to overfishing?

a.Bottom trawling
b.Pole-and-line fishing
c.Dynamite fishing
d.Longlining

Câu hỏi 11 Complete this sentence: "The ocean has long been used as a ____________ for
sewage, nutrient runoffs, heavy metals, nuclear waste, persistent toxins, pharmaceuticals,
garbage, and other land-based pollutants."

a.repository
b.depository
c.dump
d.sink

Câu hỏi 12 Which of the following is an effective strategy to protect the ocean?

a.Increasing the use of deep-sea trawling to maximize fish catch

b.Setting up marine protected areas
c.Encouraging unrestricted coastal development for tourism
d.Expanding offshore oil drilling operations

Câu hỏi 13 Complete this sentence: "In 1968 the ecologist Garrett Hardin developed the
concept of the _________ to explain why commonly shared resources, such as fisheries or
livestock pastures, may be degraded over time."

a.tragedy of the commons

b.local management of common pool resources
c.old man and the sea
d.limits to growth

Câu hỏi 14 Complete this sentence: "____________ is the process in which lakes, rivers,
coastal waters, and estuaries receive nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) and sediment from
the surrounding watershed."

a.Eutrophication
b.Bioaccumulation
c.Biomagnification
d.Detoxification

Câu hỏi 15 Which of the following are important roles of coral reefs in marine ecosystems?

a.Providing habitat and shelter for a diverse range of marine species

b.Generating high levels of pollution in coastal waters
c.Acting as natural barriers that protect coastlines from erosion and storm surges
d.Contributing to the depletion of marine fish stocks through overharvesting

Câu hỏi 16 Is this true or false: "More than 90 percent of global goods move across the seas,
but ships use heavy fuel oils that release soot and sulfur as well as CO2—which totals 18
percent of air pollutants and 3 percent of greenhouse gas emissions."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 17 Is this true or false: "Since industrialization, about half the anthropogenic carbon
dioxide emitted to the atmosphere has dissolved in the oceans."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai
Câu hỏi 18 Which of the following is the largest pollution sink on Earth?

a.The ocean
b.The atmosphere
c.The rainforest
d.The desert

Câu hỏi 19 Which SDG has a target to "prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of
all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient
pollution"?

a.SDG 2
b.SDG 6
c.SDG 14
d.SDG 15

Câu hỏi 20 What are examples of ocean ecosystem services?

a.Storm protection provided by coral reefs and mangroves

b.Nursery and habitat for fishes and other marine species
c.Carbon sequestration by oceans and coastal ecosystems
d.Offshore drilling for oil extraction
e.Waste dumping to reduce land pollution

Câu hỏi 1 Complete this sentence: "Harmful algal blooms, sometimes called a '_____ tide',
occur when certain kinds of algae grow very quickly, forming patches, or blooms, in the
water."

a.red
b.black
c.brown
d.yellow

Câu hỏi 2 Complete this sentence: "Pollutants tend to accumulate on land (in soils) and in
water, and those places where they accumulate are referred to as ________________."

a.pollution sinks
b.pollution reservoirs
c.deposition areas
d.storage zones

Câu hỏi 3 It is said that "IUU fishing takes place when vessels or fishermen operate outside
the laws of a fishery or nation". What is IUU stands for?

a.Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated

b.International, Uncontrolled, and Unprotected
c.Invasive, Uncontrolled, and Unmanaged

Câu hỏi 4 What is the primary purpose of Individual Fishing Quotas (IFQs) in fisheries
management?
a.To allow unrestricted fishing by commercial fleets
b.To allocate a specific portion of the total allowable catch to individual fishers or companies
c.To increase the amount of fish caught each season without limits
d.To promote the expansion of fishing fleets regardless of stock health

Câu hỏi 5 Which of the following statements accurately describe the roles of the ocean in
supporting life and human society on Earth?

a.The ocean generates more than half of the world's oxygen.

b.The ocean absorbs roughly half of all carbon dioxide and methane.
c.The ocean provides food and livelihoods for billions of people.
d.The ocean controls all of Earth's weather patterns.
e.The ocean produces the majority of the Earth's mineral resources.

Câu hỏi 6 Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of pollution via
biomagnification?

a.Pollutants become more concentrated at higher levels of the food chain, causing severe
effects on top predators.
b.Pollutants accumulate in the tissues of individual organisms over time, potentially leading
to harmful effects at the individual level.
c.Pollutants are broken down and detoxified by organisms, reducing their harmful effects in
the environment.
d.Pollutants are rapidly dispersed across large areas of an ecosystem, affecting multiple
species simultaneously.

Câu hỏi 7 According to Benton-Short (2023), which SDG has strong positive relationship
with SDG 14?

a.SDG 12
b.SDG 15
c.SDG 13
d.SDG 2

Câu hỏi 8 Complete this sentence: "____________ occurs when the fishing rate is higher
than the rate at which fish reproduce and repopulate or when there are not enough adult fish
left to breed and maintain a healthy population."

a.Overfishing
b.Underfishing
c.Optimal fishing
d.Sustainable yield

Câu hỏi 9 Complete this sentence: "Pollutants such as solid waste, oil spills, or industrial
pollutants are often _________ directly into the oceans."

a.discharged
b.dumped
c.disposed
d.emptied

Câu hỏi 10 Complete this sentence: "Mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes are referred to
as '_____ carbon' ecosystems because they actively sequester and store organic carbon from
the environment."

a.blue
b.green
c.neutral
d.offset

Câu hỏi 11 Complete this sentence: "Most pollutants enter the oceans from __________
sources via rivers, streams, and the atmosphere."

a.nonpoint
b.point
c.land-based
d.coastal

Câu hỏi 12 Which of the following strategies are commonly used to manage point source
water pollution that affects oceans?

a.Implementing discharge permits

b.Promoting recreational fishing
c.Introducing effluent taxes
d.Increasing the use of non-point source pollution controls

Câu hỏi 13 Complete this sentence: "This lowers the pH of seawater, a process known as
ocean ___________."

a.eutrophication
b.bioaccumulation
c.biomagnification
d.acidification

Câu hỏi 14 In the context of fishing, what does the term "maximum sustainable yield" refer
to?

a.The maximum number of fish that can be caught without causing long-term damage to the
fish population or ecosystem.
b.The total amount of fish caught each year regardless of population levels.
c.The minimum number of fish required to ensure the survival of a species.
d.The average amount of fish that can be caught in any given season, regardless of fishing
practices.

Câu hỏi 15 Complete this sentence: "_____________ slows the growth of fish and shellfish
and can prevent shell formation in oysters, clams, sea urchins, shallow water corals, and deep
sea corals. This leads to a reduced catch for commercial and recreational fisheries, meaning
smaller harvests and more expensive seafood."
a.Eutrophication
b.Bioaccumulation
c.Biomagnification
d.Acidification

Câu hỏi 19 Is this true or false: "More than 90 percent of global goods move across the seas,
but ships use heavy fuel oils that release soot and sulfur as well as CO2—which totals 18
percent of air pollutants and 3 percent of greenhouse gas emissions."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

CHAPTER 15

Câu hỏi 1 What are the main causes of desertification?

a.Deforestation
b.Overgrazing of livestock
c.Overcultivation of crops
d.Inappropriate irrigation
e.Climate change

Câu hỏi 2
Complete this sentence: "__________ is the term used to describe land degradation in arid,
semiarid, and other drylands as a result of drought, deforestation, or agriculture."

a.Deforestation
b.Desertification
c.Degradation
d.Overcultivation
Câu hỏi 3 What are the major land use sources of urban pollution?

a.Fertilizers
b.Medical wastes
c.Solid wastes
d.Plastics
e.Municipal wastes

Câu hỏi 4 Select the indirect drivers of change in ecosystems and biodiversity:

a.Land-use change
b.Pollution
c.Taxes and subsidies on pesticides
d.Urbanization
e.Food policies

Câu hỏi 5 What is the primary purpose of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs?
a.To fund ecotourism companies and other uses of natural resources.
b.To provide financial incentives to landowners for conserving and restoring ecosystems.
c.To reduce the use of pesticides in agriculture.
d.To encourage organic agriculture and agricultural tourism.

Câu hỏi 6 What are the major categories of ecosystem services?

a.Provisioning services
b.Regulating services
c.Cultural services
d.Supporting services

Câu hỏi 7 Complete this sentence: "___________: involves the incorporation of pollutants
into the ecosystem through air, water, or soil."

a.Reduction
b.Fragmentation
c.Substitution
d.Contamination

Câu hỏi 8 What is the primary goal of The Great Green Wall initiative?

a.To build a physical barrier to stop the migration of wildlife.

b.To create a continuous forest from North Africa to South Africa.
c.To combat desertification and restore degraded lands in the Sahel region.
d.To construct a network of highways connecting African countries.

Câu hỏi 9 Complete this sentence: "___________ is the conversion of forest to other land
uses, such as agriculture and infrastructure."

a.Deforestation
b.Afforestation
c.Natural forest expansion
d.Reforestation

Câu hỏi 10 Which kind of pollutants were mentioned in the Silent Spring by Rachel Carson?

a.Pesticides
b.Fertilizers
c.Herbicides
d.Chemicals

Câu hỏi 11 Complete this sentence: "___________: loss in area or coverage of an ecosystem
due to burning, agricultural development, urbanization, and lumbering."

a.Reduction
b.Fragmentation
c.Substitution
d.Simplification
Câu hỏi 12 Complete this sentence: "_____________ pollution includes crop fertilizers in
stormwater runoff, smoke from field burning and forest fires, blowing dust, and soil erosion
from logging."

a.Rural
b.Industrial
c.Agricultural
d.Water

Câu hỏi 13 What are the measures of biodiversity?

a.Species diversity
b.Habitat size
c.Genetic diversity
d.Species distribution

Câu hỏi 14 According to Benton-Short (2023), what SDGs have strong positive relationships
with SDG 15?

a.SDGs 12, 13
b.SDGs 8, 9
c.SDGs 6, 7
d.SDGs 2, 3

Câu hỏi 15 What are the major land use sources of industrial pollution?

a.Chemicals
b.Medical wastes
c.Oil spills
d.Plastics
e.Municipal wastes

Câu hỏi 16 Complete this sentence: "__________refers to the number of individuals in a

species in that ecosystem."

a.Species abundance
b.Species richness
c.Species diversity
d.Species distribution

Câu hỏi 17 What are the major drivers of land-use change caused by human activities?

a.Agriculture
b.Forestry
c.Urbanization
d.Industrialization

Câu hỏi 18 Which of the following are basic classes of ecosystems?

a.Terrestrial
b.Urban
c.Saltwater
d.Freshwater
e.Desert

Câu hỏi 19 Which target of SDG 15 focuses on "Integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values
into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies, and
accounts."?

a.Target 15.5
b.Target 15.7
c.Target 15.9
d.Target 15.3

Câu hỏi 20 Which region currently accounts for the highest area of the world's forests?

a.Europe
b.South America
c.North and Central America
d.Africa
e.Asia

Câu hỏi 1 Complete this sentence: "The _________ class is divided into five groups based on
the general structure and composition of the vegetation: forest, savanna, grassland, desert,
and tundra."

a.terrestrial
b.land
c.saltwater
d.freshwater
Câu hỏi 2 What are the main consequences of land-use change on the health and biodiversity
of ecosystems?

a.Deforestation
b.Desertification
c.Pollution
d.Afforestation
e.Eutrophication

Câu hỏi 3 What are the examples of protected areas?

a.National parks
b.National forests
c.National conservation areas
d.Rubber plantations

Câu hỏi 4 What are the solutions to address indirect drivers of biodiversity loss?

a.Celebrate a culture of restoration

b.Incorporate environmental and socioeconomic impacts, including externalities, into public
and private decision making
c.Shift behaviors to reduce ecosystem degradation
d.Raise awareness of benefits of ecosystem restoration

Câu hỏi 5 Which SDG has the target to implement sustainable forest management?

a.SDG 1
b.SDG 2
c.SDG 14
d.SDG 15

Câu hỏi 6 Where is the home of most biodiversity and ecosystem services?

a.Forests
b.Oceans
c.Rivers
d.Mountains

Câu hỏi 7 What are the major land use sources of agricultural pollution?

a.Fertilizers
b.Pesticides
c.Herbicides
d.Plastics
e.Chemicals

Câu hỏi 8 Complete this sentence: "__________ has been accelerating for a number of
reasons including habitat loss due to agricultural expansion, pollution, desertification,
invasive alien species, and climate change."

a.Biodiversity loss
b.Species loss
c.Habitat loss
d.Diversity loss

Câu hỏi 9 What are the solutions to reduce direct pressures of biodiversity loss?

a.Ban pesticides
b.Reduce pollution and remediate contaminated areas
c.Reduce invasive species
d.Establish and expand preservation areas

Câu hỏi 10 Complete this sentence: "____________ refers to harvesting of a renewable

resource that is taken at levels beyond its capacity to reproduce its population."

a.Overexploitation
b.Overgrazing
c.Overcultivation
d.Overproduction
Câu hỏi 11 What is a key difference between Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and
carbon credits from forests?

a.PES focuses solely on reducing carbon emissions, while carbon credits involve various
environmental benefits.
b.PES includes a wide range of ecosystem services, while carbon credits specifically target
carbon sequestration.
c.PES is only implemented in urban areas, while carbon credits are used in rural areas.
d.PES programs require reforestation, while carbon credits from forests are only concerned
with deforestation.

Câu hỏi 12

Complete this sentence: "_________ include those obtained from recreation in greenspace,
the economic benefits generated from people visiting greenspaces, and the aesthetic and
spiritual experience felt when observing or being immersed in the natural environment."

a.Provisioning services
b.Regulating services
c.Cultural services
d.Supporting services

Câu hỏi 13 Complete this sentence: "_________ include the water produced as a service of
the hydrological cycle, and also the plant and animal materials used as food and to make
clothing, and the natural resources used to produce energy."

a.Provisioning services
b.Regulating services
c.Cultural services
d.Supporting services

Câu hỏi 14 Complete this sentence: "_________ services are the benefits that humans obtain
from ecosystems."

a.Ecosystem
b.Ecological
c.Environmental
d.Natural

Câu hỏi 15 Select the direct drivers of change in ecosystems and biodiversity:

a.Land-use change
b.Pollution
c.Invasion of alien species
d.Population change
e.Government policies

Câu hỏi 16 Is this true or false: "More than half of the world’s forests is located in only five
countries: Brazil, Canada, the United States of America, Sweden and China."
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai

CHAPTER 16

Câu hỏi 1 Is this true or false: "Every day, ten civilians, including women and children, are
killed in armed conflicts, despite protections under international law."

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 2 Complete this sentence: "The United Nations defines human __________as an act
(recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons) carried out by means
of threat, deception, or coercion for the purpose of exploitation."

a.trafficking
b.smuggling
c.abduction
d.kidnapping

Câu hỏi 3 Complete this sentence: "__________ is the abuse of entrusted power for private
gain."

a.Corruption
b.Bribery
c.Fraud
d.Nepotism

Câu hỏi 4 What is the most widely used indicator of corruption worldwide?

a.Corruption Index
b.Corruption Perceptions Index
c.Corruption Monetary Index
d.Corruption Free Index

Câu hỏi 5 Complete this sentence: "Humanitarian _________ can include providing shelter,
food, water and sanitation, medical care, and transportation."

a.assistance
b.aid
c.support
d.relief

Câu hỏi 6 Complete this sentence: "Human rights guarantee people the means necessary to
satisfy their ________ needs, such as food, housing, and education, so they can take full
advantage of all ________."
a.basic; opportunities
b.economic; chances
c.basic; strengths
d.social; hopes

Câu hỏi 7 Which countries have the highest scores of Corruption Perceptions Index?

a.Denmark
b.New Zealand
c.Sweden
d.Singapore
e.The United States
f.North Korea
g.Vietnam
h.Brazil

Câu hỏi 8 What are the tools for conflict resolution relating to power politics?

a.Defensive alliances
b.Economic sanctions
c.Bargaining as a trade-off of interests
d.Threats of force

Câu hỏi 9 What are the three main groups of people referred to as forced migrants?

a.Refugees
b.Asylum seekers
c.Internally displaced people
d.Seasonal workers
e.Climate migrants

Câu hỏi 10 Which SDG focuses on ensuring responsive, inclusive, participatory, and
representative decision making at all levels?

a.SDG 8
b.SDG 10
c.SDG 16
d.SDG 5

Câu hỏi 11 Complete this sentence: "Human rights reflect the _________ standards
necessary for people to live with dignity."

a.maximum
b.minimum
c.average
d.high

Câu hỏi 12 Complete this sentence: "__________ justice systems are also often referred to as
'traditional', 'Indigenous', 'customary', or 'nonstate' justice systems."
a.Local
b.Informal
c.Formal
d.Weak

Câu hỏi 13 Which SDG focuses on reducing corruption and bribery in all their forms?

a.SDG 8
b.SDG 10
c.SDG 16
d.SDG 17

Câu hỏi 14 Complete this sentence: "The modern human rights era can be traced to the
founding of the United Nations and the _______ Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR)."

a.1948
b.1958
c.1968
d.1978

Câu hỏi 15 Complete this sentence: "Examples of _________ include bribery and
embezzlement, theft, tax evasion, and profiting from illicit flows (such as drugs or illegal
arms)."

a.corruption
b.fraud
c.bribery
d.crime

Câu hỏi 16 What are the tools for conflict resolution relating to conflict transformation?

a.Economic sanctions
b.Autonomy
c.Problem-solving workshops
d.Alternative dispute resolution

Câu hỏi 17 Complete this sentence: "______________ includes the practices of forced labor,
debt bondage, domestic servitude, forced marriage, sex trafficking, child sex trafficking, and
the recruitment and use of child soldiers."

a.Human trafficking
b.Human smuggling
c.Human trading
d.Human kidnapping

Câu hỏi 18 Complete this sentence: "Globally, _____ billion people live in countries where
development is affected by fragility, conflict, and violence."

a.one
b.two
c.three
d.four

Câu hỏi 19 Is this true or false: "Every hour, somewhere in the world, a child is killed by
violence."?

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Câu hỏi 20 Is this true or false: "Human rights give people the freedom to choose how they
live, how they express themselves, and what kind of government they want to support."?

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Câu hỏi 1 Choose the correct answer: "__________________ outlines rights that include the
right to equality and freedom from discrimination; the right to life, liberty, and personal
security; freedom from torture and degrading treatment; the right to a free trial; the right to
participate in government; the right to education; the right to work; and the right to health,
food, and housing."

a.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

b.The International Bill of Human Rights
c.The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
d.The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Câu hỏi 2 Complete this sentence: "____________ is the arena, outside of the family, the
state, and the market, which is created by individual and collective actions, organizations and
institutions to advance shared interests.”

a.Civil society
b.Public sphere
c.Social sector
d.Social business

Câu hỏi 3 Complete this sentence: "In the absence of access to ________, people are not able
to have their voices heard, exercise their rights, challenge discrimination, or hold decision
makers accountable."

a.law
b.justice
c.information
d.education

Câu hỏi 4 Complete this sentence: "Human rights are part of _________ law, contained in
treaties and declarations that spell out specific rights that countries are required to uphold."
a.international
b.national
c.state
d.local

Câu hỏi 5 What are the main components of the Rule of Law?

a.Accountability
b.Just Laws
c.Open Government
d.Accessible & Impartial Dispute Resolution

Câu hỏi 6 Complete this sentence: "Human rights are standards that allow all people to live
with dignity, freedom, equality, ________, and ________."

a.justice; peace
b.security; respect
c.safety; opportunity
d.equity; prosperity

Câu hỏi 7 What is the primary goal of peacebuilding?

a.To enforce strict military control in conflict zones.

b.To address the underlying causes of conflict and build sustainable peace.
c.To increase economic sanctions on conflicting parties.
d.To prioritize the rebuilding of infrastructure after armed conflicts.

Câu hỏi 8 Complete this sentence: "Humanitarian _________ is often needed by those forced
to leave their homes."

a.assistance
b.aid
c.support
d.relief

Câu hỏi 9 According to Benton-Short (2023), what SDGs have strong positive relationships
with SDG 16?

a.SDGs 3, 5
b.SDGs 11, 17
c.SDGs 14, 15
d.SDGs 6, 9

Câu hỏi 10 Complete this sentence: "By guaranteeing life, liberty, equality, and security,
human rights protect people against ________ by those who are more powerful."

a.abuse
b.exploitation
c.discrimination
d.violation

CHAPTER 17
Câu hỏi 1 Which SDG has the largest number of targets?

a.SDG 4
b.SDG 10
c.SDG 15
d.SDG 17

Câu hỏi 2. Where can governments in developing countries borrow money to finance
sustainable growth and development?

a.Private creditors such as commercial banks

b.Bilateral creditors such as rich countries
c.Multilateral creditors such as the World Bank, the African Development Bank
d.Domestic companies
e.Foreign companies

Câu hỏi 3. What are some benefits of joining the UN Global Compact?

a.Increase short-term profits and competitive advantages.

b.Enhanced reputation and credibility through commitment to sustainable and ethical
practices.
c.Networking opportunities with a global community of businesses and organizations
committed to sustainability.
d.Increased exemption from local labor laws and regulations.

Câu hỏi 4. What are the main purposes for which governments borrow money for sustainable
development?

a.Infrastructure development
b.Education and healthcare programs
c.Environmental protection and energy transition
d.Military expenditure
e.Paying public debt

Câu hỏi 5. Which countries are the top five recipient countries of remittances?

a.India
b.China
c.Mexico
d.Philippines
e.Egypt
f.Vietnam
g.Indonesia
h.Nigeria

Câu hỏi 6. Complete this sentence: "There is an increased role for ____________ and civil
society to take actions and develop plans."

a.local communities
b.private companies
c.individual citizens
d.local governments

Câu hỏi 7. Complete this sentence: "When governments borrow, this is known as
___________."

a.public debt
b.government debt
c.public-sector debt
d.country debt

Câu hỏi 8. According to Benton-Short (2023), what SDGs have strong positive relationships
with SDG 17?

a.SDGs 3, 16
b.SDGs 1, 2
c.SDGs 6, 7
d.SDGs 5, 10

Câu hỏi 9. Which of the following best describes "debt distress" for government borrowing?

a.The inability to finance new projects due to surplus budget.

b.The difficulty in managing and repaying debt obligations due to high levels of debt.
c.The decrease in government revenue resulting from tax cut.
d.The successful reduction of national debt through surplus budget management.

Câu hỏi 10. What are the main challenges relating to data collection and use for sustainable
development in developing countries?

a.Privacy
b.Security
c.Ownership
d.Access
e.Inequality
f.Cost
g.Quality
h.Statistics

Câu hỏi 11. Why are technologies essential to achieving the SDGs?

a. Technology transfer helps developing countries adopt advanced technologies and

accelerate progress.
b.Technology transfer reduces the local innovations.
c.Access to technology supports local innovation and competitive advantages.
d.Technology encourages countries in the Global South to follow the same development path
as the Global North.
e.Climate change requires different development paths for the Global South.

Câu hỏi 12. In the context of the SDGs, policy coherence refers to:

a.Ensuring that policies are implemented uniformly across all sectors, regardless of their
impact on different areas.
b.Representing the interests of the poorest in policy processes and ensuring that policies in
one area do not undermine objectives in another.
c.Prioritizing economic growth over environmental protection in policy decision-making.

Câu hỏi 13. Complete this sentence: "________ is defined as government aid that promotes
and specifically targets the economic development and welfare of low-income countries."

a.ODA (official development assistance).

b.FDI (Foreign direct investment)
c.FPI (Foreign portfolio investment)
d.OCA (Official credit assistance)

Câu hỏi 14. Complete this sentence: "___________ imposes a number of constraints on a
country’s growth, hindering sustainable development by draining away limited resources and
reducing financial resources for investment in health, education, and other social projects."

a.Public debt
b.Debt distress
c.Debt service payment
d.Debt crisis

Câu hỏi 15. What is the primary objective of the Green Climate Fund?

a.To provide loans for fossil fuel projects in developing countries instead of developed
countries.
b.To finance climate change mitigation and adaptation projects in developing countries.
c.To support large-scale infrastructure projects connected regional areas.
d.To fund higher education programs for environmental sustainability.

Câu hỏi 16. What are the debt service payments for government borrowing?

a.Principal
b.Interest
c.Fees
d.Penalties

Câu hỏi 17. Complete this sentence: "____________ are partnerships between public,
private, and civil society actors."

a.Multistakeholders
b.Multishareholders
c.Multisectors
d.Multipartners
Câu hỏi 18. Complete this sentence: "A __________ is a type of financial security that
provides capital to the public sector to fund projects that have positive social outcomes."

a.social impact bond (SIB)

b.green climate fund
c.environmental bond
d.green bond

Câu hỏi 19. Why is incorporating a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) approach important when
using new technologies?

a.It ensures technologies are used without consideration of energy consumption and
pollution.
b.It helps avoid increased energy consumption and pollution by considering environmental
impacts from the start.
c.It allows for the complete disregard of international cooperation in technology
development.
d.It focuses solely on the immediate financial benefits of technology, ignoring long-term
environmental effects.
Câu hỏi 20. Complete this sentence: "Traditional ___________ techniques such as household
surveys, censuses, and registers should be made more frequent, rigorous, and universal."

a.data-collection
b.data-analysis
c.data-mining
d.data-gathering

Câu hỏi 1 Which of the following are among the 10 Principles of Sustainability of the UN
Global Compact?

a.Support for environmental degradation and increased carbon emissions.

b.Upholding human rights and ensuring non-discrimination in the workplace.
c.Promoting fair labor practices and the right to collective bargaining.
d.Using bribery and corruption in business practices as little as possible.
e.Supporting the use of non-renewable resources over renewable energy.

Câu hỏi 2 What is the primary purpose of debt-for-nature swaps?

a.To reduce the interest rates on national debt.

b.To exchange debt relief for commitments to environmental conservation
c.To increase government spending on green building projects.
d.To convert foreign aid into natural resource extraction.

Câu hỏi 3 Is this true or false: "Debt crises only happen in the Global South."?

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Câu hỏi 4 What is the term used to describe alliances that include businesses, nonprofits,
government, education, healthcare, labor, faith institutions, philanthropy, and communities?

a.Cross-sector collaborations
b.Between-sector collaborations
c.Within-sector collaborations
d.Extended-sector collaborations

Câu hỏi 5 Which of the following measures includes remittances?

a.Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

b.Gross National Income (GNI)
c.Net National Product (NNP)
d.Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Câu hỏi 6 Complete this sentence: "The quality of __________ is one of the most important
ways to improve economic and social conditions. However, higher rates of ___________ lead
to less stringent environmental regulation and a lower commitment to sustainability."

a.government; corruption
b.government; interest
c.environment; pollution
d.governance; poverty

Câu hỏi 7 What is the primary purpose of the UN Global Compact?

a.To promote international trade agreements of green business.

b.To encourage businesses to adopt sustainable and socially responsible practices.
c.To establish military alliances between member countries.
d.To regulate global financial markets.

Câu hỏi 8 Complete this sentence: "High-quality, open, and timely ________ are vital in
enabling governments, development partners, international organizations, the private sector,
and the general public to make informed decisions and wise investments."

a.platforms
b.data
c.information technologies
d.collaborations

Câu hỏi 9 What is the main goal of climate finance?

a.To fund projects that increase greenhouse gas emissions.

b.To support investments and initiatives that address climate change impacts and promote
sustainability.
c.To subsidize traditional energy sources like coal and oil in developing countries.
d.To reduce public debt of developing countries.

Câu hỏi 10 What is the role of technology transfer in achieving the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs)?
a.It focuses solely on increasing the production of consumer electronics and high-valued
products.
b.It involves sharing and adopting technological innovations to address global challenges and
promote sustainable development.
c.It emphasizes reducing technological research and development in favor of traditional
methods.
d.It prioritizes technological advancements only in developed countries, without addressing
global needs.

Câu hỏi 11 Complete this sentence: "___________ mechanisms cancel part of a country’s
debt and redirects those monies that would have been used for debt servicing to investments
in sustainable development."

a.Debt swap
b.Debt relief
c.Debt financing
d.Debt restructuring

Câu hỏi 12 Which SDG has an indicator about the "proportion of individuals using the
internet"?

a.SDG 8
b.SDG 9
c.SDG 4
d.SDG 17

Câu hỏi 13 How does "system thinking" contribute to achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)?

a.By focusing on individual goals separately without considering their interconnections.

b.By addressing each SDG in isolation to simplify implementation.
c.By understanding and managing the interconnections and interactions between different
SDGs to achieve holistic and sustainable outcomes.
d.By prioritizing short-term gains over long-term sustainability goals.

Câu hỏi 14 Who are often left out of official data sets such as Household Living Standard
Surveys?

a.Indigenous populations
b.Slum dwellers
c.Small farmers
d.Disabled children
e.Students

Câu hỏi 15 Complete this sentence: "___________ are money transfers in the form of either
cash or goods that migrant workers send back to their country of origin to support their
families and communities."

a.Remittances
b.FDI (Foreign direct investment) flows
c.ODA (Official development assistance) flows
d.Financial aids

QUIZ 1

1) Is this true or false?

"Whereas the MDGs focused on Global South countries, the SDGs are viewed as more
universal in that they call for action by all countries—high-income, middle-income and
low-income."

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2) Is this a correct interpretation of "Sustainable Development" definition?

"Brundtland's definition of sustainable development is a fairly abstract concept, but its core is
about finding a way to support human populations and their economies, without ultimately
threatening the health of humans, animals, and plants."

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3) What does the 3 Es principle stand for?

a.
Economy, Environment, Equity

b.
Economy, Environment, Equality

c.
Economy, Ecology, Equity

d.
Economist, Environment, Equity

4) Consider the following statements, which of these statements is/are correct?

A. SDGs apply to all countries

B. It applies for developing countries only
a.
A only

b.
B only

c.
Both A and B

d.
Neither A nor B

5) If we examine the four kinds of sustainability, which kind matches the following
definition? “It consists of preserving biodiversity without foregoing economic and
social progress”.
a.
Environmental

b.
Social

c.
Economic

d.
Political

6) Fish stock, timber, coal, and water are called ______ goods?

a.
private

b.
common

c.
social

d.
public

7) In which of the following years did the SDGs come into force?

a.
2013

b.
2014

c.
2015

d.
2016
8) Which of the following statements provides the correct understanding of the
interlinkages between the SDGs?

a.
There are only positive interactions between the SDGs

b.
The SDGs are interlinked with both positive interactions and trade-offs

c.
Fulfilling one goal of the 17 SDGs cancels the fulfilling of other goals

9) What is the second goal of the Sustainable Development Goals?

a.
End Poverty

b.
Zero Hunger

c.
Good Health & Well-being
d.
Gender Equality

10) SDG Index was released by:

a.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

b.
World Economic Forum (WEF)

c.
Sustainable Development Solution Network (SDSN)

d.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

11) Which SDG focuses on Responsible Consumption and Production?

a.
SDG 9

b.
SDG 11

c.
SDG 12

d.
SDG 14

12) Which SDG focuses on Life Above Water?

a.
SDG 6

b.
SDG 14

c.
SDG 15
d.
None of them

13) Complete this sentence: "The ________ are a collection of 17 interlinked global goals
designed to be a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all."

a.
MDGs

b.
SDGs

c.
ESGs

d.
CSRs

14) "In the Wedding Cake Model of sustainable development, which layer includes SDG
16?"

a.
Biosphere

b.
Society

c.
Economy

d.
None of them

15) According to the Stockholm Resilience Center (SRC), which outlines another way of
viewing the SDGs, what is the most important level?

a.
Partnerships

b.
Economy
c.
Biosphere

d.
Society

16) Among the following Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which one is a
completely new goal not addressed in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

a.
SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation

b.
SDG 5: Gender inequality

c.
SDG 13: Climate action

d.
SDG 4: Quality education

17) Most sustainable development issues are wicked problems because:

a.

There is incomplete knowledge about the issue, conflicting perspectives, and no definitive
right or wrong solutions.

b.
They are predictable.

c.

They are quantitative.

d.

All are correct.

18) What is the third goal of the Sustainable Development Goals?

a.

End Poverty

b.

Zero Hunger

c.

Good Health & Well-being

d.

Gender Equality
 19) In the societal triangulation model, the three main actors/stakeholders are:

a.
Market, government, civil society

b.
Police, military, legal system

c.
Executive, legislature, judiciary

d.
Public sector, private sector, foreign sector

20) Which SDG is represented by the Book and Pen icon?

a.
SDG 3

b.
SDG 4

c.
SDG 6
d.
SDG 7
21) How many countries have signed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?

a.
185

b.
191

c.
192

d.
193

22) Sustainable development is not only related to three (economic, social,

environmental) but involves four complex interacting systems, with the fourth factor
in the four pillars of sustainable development being:

a.
Good governance

b.
Culture
c.
Technology

d.
Ethics

23) The 5 Ps principles of the Sustainable Development Goals do not include:

a.Power
b.Planet
c.People
d.Peace
24)What are the five basic principles that feed into all SDGs?

a.
Poverty, Pollution, Profit, Positivity, and planet

b.
Partnering, for People, Planet, Prosperity, and Peace

c.
Education, Hunger reduction, Equality, Environment, and Infrastructure

d.
None of them
25) Is this the state of sustainability we want to maintain over time?

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26) Which of the following is an example of a “pull” factor in the achievement of sustainable
development?

a.NGOs (Non-governmental organizations)

b.Companies
c.Governments
d.Civil society group

27) Which goal does not appear in the SDGs? The global fight against ______.

a.Hunger
b.Poverty

c.Climate change

d.Aliens

28) Why is the 2015 Paris Agreement so important? (select all the ones that are applicable)

a.
More than 190 countries have agreed to limit global warming to below 2ºC.

b.
The countries with the highest greenhouse gas emissions on the planet also signed up to the
agreement.

c.
A specific figure to be reached has been set.

d.
No option is correct.
29) What is the primary cause of ocean acidification related to human activities?

a.
Overfishing and destruction of coral reefs.

b.
Oil spills from offshore drilling activities.
c.
Increased carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels, which dissolve in seawater and
lower its pH.

d.
Plastic waste accumulation in the ocean, causing chemical reactions that lower the pH.

30) Which of the following are examples of an environmental pollution?

a.
Noise produced by ships or windfarms

b.
Lights in a city

c.
Lost fishing nets in the ocean

d.
Only light and lost fishing nets are example of pollution

e.
Left over pieces of satellites orbiting the Earth
31)Define “resilience” in a sustainable development context?

a.
Communities’ ability to prevent climate change

b.
A characteristic of developed countries causing increased wealth

c.
The capacity to recover from sudden or long-term change

d.
An individual’s ability to manage changes on its own

32) What is a societal (or social) norm?

a.An individual in society that is ‘normal’

b.The average characteristic of someone in a society (for example height, weight, income
etc.)

c.A major religion within a society

d. A shared understanding of acceptable behaviour

33) Is this sentence true or false?

"A person’s geographic location can determine opportunities for decent work."

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34 )Please choose a correct word that best fits this sentence: "Ecotourism is defined as
“_____ travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the
local people, and involves interpretation and education.”

a.
low-impact
b.
responsible
c.
harmful
d.
indigenous
35) Which SDG that best fits this situation?

"Migrant workers are often affected by economic crises, including reduced employment,
increased xenophobia, deteriorating working conditions, and even violence."

a.SDG 3

b.SDG 5

c.SDG 8

d.SDG 10

Is this sentence true or false?

36)"Unequal access to decent work can exacerbate income inequalities."

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37) Decent work is defined as jobs that ...

a. deliver a FAIR income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for
families, and help realize better prospects for personal development and social integration.

B. deliver a HIGH income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for
families, and help realize better prospects for personal development and social integration.

C. deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for families,
but DO NOT help realize better prospects for personal development and social integration.

D. deliver a fair income, help realize better prospects for personal development and social
integration, but DO NOT provide security in the workplace and social protection for families.

38) What relationships between SDG 9 and other SDGs are described in this statement:
"Without access to microfinance, the poor are unable to invest in tools to increase
productivity, invest in education, or even take time to search for better opportunities."?
a.SDG 1
b.SDG 4
c.SDG 8
d.SDG 10

39)"In the last several decades, the public sector in many countries has lacked either
sufficient resources or political will and has pursued policies to involve the private sector in
the delivery and financing of infrastructure services". What do we call such partnerships?

A.Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)

b.Public-Private-Civil Society Partnerships (PPCSPs)

c.Public-Private-Nonprofit Partnerships (PPnPP)

d.Private-Nonprofit Partnerships (PnPP)

40) Is this true or false: "According to the United Nations, resilience requires community
capacity to plan for, respond to, and recover from stressors and shocks"?

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41) Which Target of SDG 9 relates to this statement: "Develop quality, reliable, sustainable,
and resilient infrastructure ... for all."
a.Target 9.1
b.Target 9.2
c.Target 9.3
D.Target 9.4
42) Benton-Short (2023) classified infrastructures into two types. What are these two types?
a. Soft and social
B. Public and private
C. Soft and hard
D. Hard and physical

45) According to the development economist Frances Stewart, "what is the inequality
between individuals, typically measured by income"?
A.Income inequality
B. Vertical inequality
C.Horizontal inequality
D. Wealth inequality

46)Is this statement true or false: 'The decrease in the Gini index was driven primarily by
decreasing inequality both between countries and within countries'?
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Which of the following groups has a role to play in the shift towards a more sustainable
society? (select all the ones that are applicable)

a.NGOs, large companies and consumers.

b.Governments, scientists and regulators.
c.Investors and small and medium-sized enterprises.
d.Opinion leaders and the United Nations.

"In the Wedding Cake Model of sustainable development, which layer includes SDG 10?"

a.Biosphere
b.Society
c.Economy
d.None of them

How many SDGs and associated targets were agreed upon under the Agenda 2030?

a.17 SDGs and 17 targets

b.17 SDGs and 169 targets
c.20 SDGs and 20 targets
d.20 SDGs and 169 targets

Which three aspects must be balanced to achieve sustainable development?

a.Social, political and technological.

b.Social, economic, and environmental

c.Technological, economic, and political

d.Technological, political, and environmental

Which is the definition of sustainability?

a.The quality of being able to continue over a period of time

b.The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level

c.The quality of not being harmful to the environment or depleting natural resources, and
thereby supporting long-term ecological balance

d.All options are correct

The concept of sustainable development in the Brundtland Report of 1987 emphasized the
viewpoint of:

a.Intergeneration

b.Fast economic growth

c.Environmental protection

d.Democracy

Which of the following is NOT part of a Sustainable Development Goal?

a.Profit maximization and cheap labor

b.Decent work and economic growth

c.Industry, innovation and infrastructure

d.Clean and affordable energy

1. Who is responsible for achieving the SDGs?

a.193 UN Member States that committed to doing so

b.Everyday citizens, and non-profit organizations

c.Government, and for-profit organizations

d.All of them

2. Is this true or false? "There is more balance among the three Es of sustainability within the
SDGs compared to the MDGs."

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3. In which year were the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United
Nation?

a. 2013

B. 2014

C. 2015
D. 2016

4. Is this statement true or false: "All 169 targets of 17 SDGs will be achieved by 2030"? Hãy
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5. "In the Wedding Cake Model of sustainable development, which layer includes SDG 7?

a.Biosphere

B. Society

C. Economy

D. None of them

QUIZ 2

Please select a correct adverb to complete this sentence: "The ILO defines ____ jobs as
decent jobs that directly contribute to environmental sustainability, either by producing
environmental goods or making more efficient use of natural resources."

a.sustainable
b.green
c.good
d.Eco

Select a word that best fills this sentence: "Social protection systems provide assistance
through ____ insurance, tax-funded ____ benefits, ____ assistance services, public works
programs, subsidies (for food and fuel), and other schemes."
a. private
b. market
c. social
d. public
Select a phrase that best describes this sentence: "The lack of social protection leaves people
vulnerable to ill-health, poverty, inequality and _____ throughout their lifecy."
a. social inclusion
b. social exclusion
c. social isolation
d. social discrimination

Complete this sentence: "Ecologists have developed the notion of __________ footprint to
refer to the total area of productive land required to support an ecosystem."

a.
ecological

b.
urban

c.
material

d.
carbon

Is this true or false: "There are a number of ethical questions regarding today’s industrial
agricultural practices, from the ease of exploiting low-wage farmworkers to the way animals
are treated."?

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For which activity did the economist Muhammad Yunus from Bangladesh receive the Nobel
Peace Prize in 2006?

a.
Popularising microcredits.

b.
Succeeding in halving extreme poverty in Bangladesh.

c.
Convincing his rich compatriots to share their wealth with the poor.
According to the sustainable development perspective, how is quality of life defined?

a.
It is related to personal income and working environment.

b.
It Includes good health, education, living environment, and social participation.

c.
It is related to the consumption of luxury goods and services.

d.
It is about traveling around the world, reading favorite books, and staying at comfortable
hotels.

Which of the following statements is correct about vulnerability?

a.
Vulnerability encompasses a significant risk of severe future declines in well-being.

b.
Certain socioeconomic groups are particularly more disadvantaged than others.

c.
Vulnerable individuals are often more susceptible to changes when exposed to threats.

d.
All are correct.

Complete this sentence: "______________ is a farming method that uses natural fertilizers
such as compost and manure and avoids all synthetic inputs."

a.
Regenerative agriculture

b.
Organic agriculture

c.
Industrial agriculture
d.
Agroforestry

QUIZ 3
Which of the following factors contribute to the problem of traffic accidents in developing
countries? Select three.

a.Poor road infrastructure

b.Strict vehicle safety standards
c.Old and poorly maintained vehicles
d.Easy and lenient licensing processes
e.High-quality public transportation

Complete this sentence: "The ________ education aims to build on basic skills and begin
some advancement of skills in certain subjects such as history, geography, or chemistry."

a.primary
b.secondary
c.tertiary
d.higher
What best defines a living wage?

a.It’s an income that enables people to live in a luxurious apartment in a big city.
b.It’s an income level that is sufficient to pay for food, housing, healthcare, education and
other necessities.
c.It’s an income that is equal to the minimum wage.

Complete this sentence: "______________ focuses on improving the health of soil, which has
been degraded by the use of heavy machinery, fertilizers and pesticides in intensive farming."

a.Regenerative agriculture
b.Organic agriculture
c.Industrial agriculture
d.Agroforestry

Is this true or false: "50% of today’s corn, soybeans are GMO."?

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Complete this sentence: "________________ region struggles the most with providing
schools with basic resources, such as electricity, internet and hygiene facilities."

a.Latin America and the Caribbean

b.Sub-Saharan Africa
c.South East Asia
d.Eastern Europe

Which of the following are potential downsides of using GMOs (genetically modified
organisms) in food production?

a.Increased agricultural biodiversity and ecosystem health.

b.Development of resistance in pests and weeds to GMO traits, leading to more intensive use
of chemicals.
c.Potential for unintended environmental impacts and cross-breeding with wild species.
d.Decreased nutritional value of GMO crops compared to conventional crops.

Which of the following targets belongs to SDG 5: "Achieve gender equality and empower all
women and girls" in sustainable development?

a.Ensure full participation of all individuals in leadership and decision-making processes.

b.Ensure equal opportunities and reduce inequalities of outcome by addressing
discrimination.
c.Ensure that all people, particularly the most vulnerable, have access to essential services
and resources.
d.Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services.

Complete this sentence: "The World Food Programme estimates the average daily energy
requirement for an adult at about 2,100 kilocalories. Extreme malnutrition and chronic hunger
are said to exist at less than _________."

a.1200 kilocalories
b.1400 kilocalories
c.1600 kilocalories
d.1800 kilocalories

What does LEED Certification primarily focus on?

a.Measuring the profitability of commercial buildings.

b.Evaluating the aesthetic design of architectural structures.
c.Recognizing buildings and projects that meet high standards of environmental performance
and sustainability.
d.Assessing the historical significance of building structures.

What makes a city livable?

a.Sustainable transport options

b.Access to affordable housing
c.A vibrant and equitable economy
d.Value communities and neighborhoods
e.Social inclusion and diversity

Is it true or false that businesses and farmers at the beginning of the food supply chain usually
receive the largest percentage of the total money spent on food?

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How does SDG 4: Quality Education support employment?

a.Education is a fundamental human right.

b.Education reduces the mismatch between a person's skills and job vacancies.
c.Education reduces inequalities and leads to better health and nutrition.

Which of the following cities are in the Top 10 in terms of 2023's Global Livability Index?

a.Vienna, Austria
b.Copenhagen, Denmark
c.Sydney, Australia
d.Vancouver, Canada
e.Hanoi, Vietnam
f.Buenos Aires, Argentina
g.Dubai, UAE
h.Shenzhen, China

Complete this sentence: "Hunger is a problem of ________________________."

a.global food production

b.equitable distribution of food
c.the lack of knowledge about healthy nutrition
d.food politics
What makes the bike-ability in cities?

a.Bike lanes should be separated from vehicle and pedestrian traffic.

b.Improve bike parking
c.Encourage bike sharing
d.Bike can be used everywhere
e.Free bike for everyone

What does the Global Livability Index primarily measure?

a.The economic growth rate of cities worldwide.

b.The quality of life and overall livability of cities based on factors such as stability,
healthcare, culture, environment, and education.

c.The number of international tourists visiting cities each year.

d.The average cost of living in different cities around the world.

Which of the following are common issues associated with fast fashion?

a.Increased waste and environmental pollution due to the rapid production and disposal of
cheap, trendy clothing.
b.Adoption of fair trade practices and ethical labor standards in garment production.
c.Exploitation of low-wage workers and poor working conditions in developing countries.
d.Focus on creating timeless, high-quality garments that are designed to last.

What theory describes the relationship between economic growth and income inequality?

a.The Kuznets Curve theory

b.The Laffer Curve theory
c.The Environmental Kuznets Curve theory
d.The Yield Curve theory

How can businesses (especially in Coffee and Chocolate industries) make slavery-free
production the norm in the industry?

a.Putting a ‘slavery-free’ label on their products.

b.Funding charities to alleviate poverty.
c.Spending more money for their CSR activities.
d.Raising awareness, leading by example and inspiring others to act.

What innovative technological solutions can make cities more sustainable?

a.Sharing transportation platforms for bicycles or cars.

b.Digital apps to tailor public transport schedules to citizen’s needs.
c.Selling excess solar energy to neighbours.
d.All of the above
Is this true or false: "In the Global South, people living in a low-income country are far more
likely to die of a communicable disease than a noncommunicable disease."?

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Which target of SDG 4 relates to "Ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills
needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for
sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, ..."?

a.Target 4.4
b.Target 4.5
c.Target 4.7
d.Target 4.6

Is this true or false: "Many learning platforms and a great deal of digital content are not
accessible to blind or deaf students, even those with access to assistive technology."?

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Complete this sentence: "Globally, there are still more _____ than _____ that remain out of
school."

a.girls, boys
b.boys, girls
c.females, males
d.males, females

What are the principal components of gender equality that are often used to measure and
quantify inequality?
a.Education
b.Health
c.Economic and labor participation
d.Political empowerment
-> Câu này t chat GPT multiple choice là nó chọn hết
Complete this sentence: "Water consumption is not just the water we use for domestic
consumption but also for the ________ we use (clothes, food, etc.)"
a.products
b.services
c.commodities
d.goods

The Executive summary of the ICSU report highlights an analysis of Goal 2 and the key
interactions with other goals. Which of the statements below best describes how agricultural
production is related to Goal 13 on climate change?

a.Sustainable agricultural practices play an important role in climate adaptation and

mitigation
b.There are no interactions between Goal 2 and Goal 13, because there are no greenhouse gas
emissions related to agricultural production
c.There is a positive relation, because the impacts of climate change such as extreme weather
events will enable more agricultural production

Which index below measures the severity of poverty?

a.Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) Index
b.Human Development Index (HDI)
c.Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
d.Gini Coefficient

What is the main consequence of gender inequality for companies?

a.It ensures that women are protected and safe in the workplace.
b.It leads to more profits, as men can do certain difficult jobs better.
c.There is a loss of talent, because women are as intelligent and ambitious as men.
Social aspect of sustainable development includes: _________.

a.SDG 1, SDG 2
b.SDG 3, SDG 4
c.SDG 5, SDG 11
d.All are correct

To which of the five current crises does the sentence “By 2030, the global poverty rate could
reach around 7%” correspond?

a.Economic
b.Sanitary
c.Political
d.Social

The aspects of multidimensional poverty include:

a.Education, Life expectancy, Living wage

b.Nutrition, Education, Equality
c.Housing, Living standards, Employment
d.Health, Education, Living standards

How many more teachers are needed to reach the goal of universal primary and secondary
education by 2030?

a.29 million
b.49 million
c.69 million
d.89 million

How can financial institutions help farmers to cope with price volatility?
a.Providing access to finance
b.Providing insurance and other risk management tools
c.Investing in rural infrastructure and agricultural research
d.All of the above
Which country’s parliament has the highest number of women representatives?

a.Cuba
b.Brazil
c.Rwanda
d.UAE (United Arab Emirates)

Is this true or false: "Energy Star and LEED rating systems allow us to design and build
sustainable homes that in some cases, are net zero in terms of their overall energy use: they
generate as much energy as they consume."?

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What makes a “livable” city?

a.Close to work; easy to get around

b.Affordable housing; plenty of things to do
c.Access to nutritious (and affordable) food; healthy environment
d.Socially and emotionally inclusive
e.All are correct.

Which of the following statements is related to SDG 3: "Health and well-being"?

a.By 2030, double the productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, including
women and marginalized groups.
b.By 2030, enhance international support for water and sanitation in developing countries,
including harvesting, desalination, efficiency, and recycling.
c.By 2030, achieve sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources.
d.By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to below 70 per 100,000 live
births.
What is a primary characteristic of industrial agriculture?

a.Emphasis on small-scale, organic farming practices that prioritize biodiversity.

b.Use of advanced technology, large-scale production, and monocultures to maximize
crop yields and efficiency.
c.Focus on traditional farming techniques with minimal use of modern machinery or
synthetic inputs.
d.Reliance on local, seasonal produce and diversified farming systems to maintain soil health.

1. Is this true or false: "Children with disabilities are often denied education because they are
unable to access educational facilities."?

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2. Is this true or false: "The United States has less gender equality than many EU countries,
Australia, New Zealand, and Canada."?

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3. What are the most widely used gender indices?

a.
UN Gender Inequality Index (GII)

b.
OECD Social Institution and Gender Index (SIGI) (Cái này GPT t có chọn nhưng ng trc
đó lm thì chỉ chọn a vs c thôi)

c.
WEF Global Gender Gap Index (GGI)

d.
Gini Index

4. Complete this sentence: "The fight against poverty _______________________."

a.
is the ultimate goal of the 2030 Agenda
b.
is not a prerequisite for sustainable development

c.
has already been achieved to a large extent

5. Which index reflects the theory of absolute poverty?

a.
Head count/MPI

b.
GINI

c.
GII

d.
HDI

6. Is this true or false: "Through economies of scope, food is less expensive now than ever
before."?

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7. Is this true or false: "Rapid urbanization exerts pressure on the environment"?

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8. What are the causes of population growth, according to the United Nations?

a.
Food security and biodiversity loss.

b.
Fertility rates, increased longevity and international migration.

c.
Over-exploitation of resources, migration and food security.

9. The Human Development Index (HDI) does not include:

a.
Health/Life expectancy

b.
Education/Schooling years

c.
Income per capita/GNI per capita

d.
Marital status/Divorce rate

10. What is a primary characteristic of industrial agriculture?

a.
Emphasis on small-scale, organic farming practices that prioritize biodiversity.

b.
Use of advanced technology, large-scale production, and monocultures to maximize crop
yields and efficiency.

c.
Focus on traditional farming techniques with minimal use of modern machinery or synthetic
inputs.

d.
Reliance on local, seasonal produce and diversified farming systems to maintain soil health.

Fill in the blanks: "Over _____ billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for
their livelihoods."

a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4

What does the term "Dutch disease" refer to in economics?

a.
A situation where a country's manufacturing sector grows rapidly due to a boom in natural resource
exports.
b.
A condition where the discovery of natural resources leads to a stronger currency, which
negatively impacts other export industries.

c.
An economic strategy where countries diversify their exports to avoid reliance on a single resource.

d.
A policy of heavily investing in the agricultural sector to boost economic growth.

What does the concept of the "Triple Bottom Line" refer to?

a.
The practice of focusing solely on financial profits to measure a company's success.
b.
A business approach that emphasizes environmental sustainability and reduces costs by
minimizing resource use.
c.
The concept of measuring a company's success based on three factors: financial
performance, environmental impact, and social responsibility.
d.
A framework that prioritizes rapid growth and expansion above all other considerations.

QUIZ 4

Is this true or false: "Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are a good thing; they have kept the planet at
a comfortable temperature for us for thousands of years. But too much of a good thing can
lead to problems; our current levels of GHGs trap more heat in the atmosphere, and are
responsible for the observed increase in global temperatures."?

Select one:

True

False
Global energy use is increasing as the population continues to grow and the increase in
development grows in line with energy consumption. In global terms we’re using more
energy than ever before, but what percentage of “clean” energy are we using?

a.

Most of the energy we use comes from renewable energies.

b.

More than 50% of the primary energy source is of renewable origin.

c.

Most of the energy (approx. more than 80%) that we use comes from fossil fuels.
Primary renewable energy sources only account for 20%.

d.

None of the options is correct

Is this true or false: "Climate models by scientists around the world all agree: Global
warming is primarily due to anthropogenic causes."?

Select one:

True

False

Is this true of false: "The increase in CO2 levels started around 1850; which coincides with
the beginning of the industrial revolution."

Select one:

True

False

What is an approach for protecting common pool resources (e.g., groundwater, national
parks, rivers, fishing fields)?
a.

Building international, legally binding global targets for reducing impacts and preserving
resources

b.

Changing the rules of institutions such they have the power to regulate the use of common
pool resources.

c.

Altering social preferences and norms via activism, education, policy changes and more.

d.

Decentralising power in systems such that local people have the power to sanction free-riders

What is the IPCC?

a.

An agreement under the UNFCCC on limiting human induced global warming to below 2
degrees Celsius

b.

A scientific panel under the UNFCCC who helped develop the framework of Agenda 2030

c.

An organisation set up under the UNFCCC with the aim of achieving SDG #13: Climate
Action

d.

An international panel of scientists under the UNFCCC whose role is to assess scientific
information concerning the potential human interaction with the climate

Fill in the blanks: __________________ is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a

stressor by resisting damage and recovering quickly.

a.

Resistance
b.

Resilience

c.

Alternative stable state

d.

Tipping point

True or False: One way to quantify the extrinsic value of biodiversity is to assign a monetary
value to the services provided.

Select one:

True

False

The two main sources of CO2 emissions are:

a.

Cement and construction

b.

Food and tourism

c.

Petroleum and coal

d.

Steel and natural gas

Oceans help produce what percentage of the Earth’s oxygen?

a.
10-30%

b.

20-40%

c.

50-80%

d.

70-90%

Which of the following best defines a carbon tax?

a.

A tax imposed on all natural resources to conserve the environment.

b.

A tax levied on companies based on the amount of plastic waste they produce.

c.

A tax on the carbon content of fossil fuels, aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

d.

A tax that only applies to the automotive industry to reduce fuel consumption.

How can we design and enforce effective sustainability standards?

a.

By designing standards that incentivize adopters to engage in sustainable practices.

b.

Accommodate specificities of local environmental contexts.

c.
Precisely design and enforce criteria that are also flexible enough to reflect the diversity and
dynamics of local contexts.

d.

All of the above

What does a "Deposit-Refund System" in waste management entail?

a.

A system where consumers pay a deposit on products and receive a refund when they
return the product for recycling or proper disposal.

b.

A program where companies are required to pay a fee for each product they sell, which is
used to manage waste.

c.

A method of waste management where consumers are charged additional taxes based on the
amount of waste they produce.

d.

A scheme where producers are responsible for paying the cost of waste disposal without
involving consumer participation.

Complete this sentence: "_________ is a crucial factor in climate change, rising prices for
commodities, political instability in the Middle East, and environmental degradation in many
parts of the world."

a.Energy

b.Water

c.Coal

d.Deforestation
Which among the following contributes the most to climate change?

a. Energy consumption

b. Deforestation

c. Agriculture

d. Construction

How can society mitigate negative externalities of products such as pollutants?

a. Compensate with positive externalities, such as investing in education.

b. Suggest companies to donate to the non-profit organizations dealing with the pollution.

c. Tax the products that produce pollutants, thus approximating the true cost to society.

Deforestation is a mitigation measure. True or false?

Is this true or false: "Cleaner air means significant health benefits, and massive investments
in creating a new energy infrastructure will lead to millions of high-paying jobs."?

Select one: True False

Complete this sentence: "Currently, the global energy portfolio is dominated by fossil fuels,
which account for approximately _____ percent of global energy consumption."

a.65
b.75
c.85
d.95

Complete this sentence: "Since 2006, ______ has been emitting more CO2 than any other
country."

a.China
b.India
c.United States
d.Russia

Is this true or false: "Without GHGs in our atmosphere, all the energy would re-radiate back
into space."?

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What is NOT a risk associated with societal concerns about plastic pollution?

a.There are limited funds to work on environmental issues: too much focus on plastic might
results in less funds on other issues.
b.It might distract from bigger issues.
c.The focus on microplastic pollution finally highlights to the public how serious
environmental issues are, and that change needs to happen.
d.It might cause greenwashing: companies might take action on reducing their plastic
footprint without tackling the environmental elephant in the room.

Is this true or false: "Without greenhouse gases, the earth would be a rather inhospitable
place… we would all freeze to death!"?

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The chemical reaction CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O represents the combustion of which of the
following fossil fuels?

a.Natural Gas
b.Coal
c.Gasoline

Which COP is associated with the 2015 Paris Agreement, a landmark agreement aimed at
reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and limiting global warming to no more than
2.0°C?

a.COP 10
b.COP 15
c.COP 21
d.COP 26

Is this true or false: "While carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important GHG, there are many
others: methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and a whole variety of man-made chemicals
such as CFCs and HFCs."?

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What percentage of carbon dioxide does the ocean absorb?

a.15%

b.30%
c.45%

d.60%

Which one is not correct about the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS)?

a.Emission caps are established by the government, which also determines the number of
tradable emission allowances.

b.Sources that proactively reduce their emissions end up with a surplus of allowances, which
they can sell on the carbon markets.

c.Sources that do little reduce their emissions end up having to purchase allowances,
incurring an additional cost (often passed on to consumers!)

d.Carbon markets only include ETS.

Is this true or false: "A trip on public transit emits up to 35% fewer greenhouse gas emissions
than the same trip by car!"?

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What is the primary purpose of implementing a carbon tax?

a.To generate revenue for government spending on environmental projects.

b.To penalize companies for making profits in carbon-intensive industries.

c.To provide subsidies to renewable energy companies.

d.To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by making it more expensive to emit carbon dioxide,
thereby encouraging businesses and individuals to use cleaner energy sources.

What is the path to Net Zero emissions?

a.Energy Efficiency: reduce energy consumption.

b.Electrification: convert oil and gas systems to electric.

c.Decarbonization: reduce or eliminate all sources of carbon emissions.

d.All are correct.

Which of the following accurately describe Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)?

a.A policy approach that requires producers to take responsibility for the entire lifecycle of
their products, including post-consumer waste management.

b.A system where consumers are responsible for recycling and disposing of products without
any producer involvement.
c.A regulation that mandates producers to pay for the collection, recycling, or disposal of
their products once they are discarded.

d.A voluntary initiative where companies reduce their waste output through internal policies
and practices.

Which of the following are key roles of carbon credits (or carbon offsets)?

a.They provide a mechanism for companies to meet their carbon reduction targets by
investing in projects that reduce or remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

b.They directly reduce the production of greenhouse gases by implementing stricter

regulations on industrial activities.

c.They support the development of renewable energy projects and conservation efforts by
funding activities that reduce overall carbon emissions.

d.They guarantee that companies will achieve zero emissions without needing to change their
operations.

Fill in the blanks: "Oceans cover ____% of the Earth’s surface."

a.51

b.61

c.71

d.81
Which of the following is not one of the five targets of SDG 7 "Ensure access to affordable,
reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all" in sustainable development?

a.Ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services

b.Increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix

c.Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds

d.Double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency

The following indicators are commonly used to measure the environmental aspect of
Sustainable Development, except for?

a.Biodiversity index

b.Chemical use index

c.Global energy consumption index

d.Living planet index

What are externalities?

a.Intended consequences of organizational actions that generate extra profit.

b.The consequences of an organization’s behavior that are not accounted for in the market
prices.

c.Organization’s behavior in regards to external stakeholders such as partners and customers.

d.All of the above

Which one is not correct?

a.A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon emissions generated by the burning of fossil fuels
(coal, natural gas or oil).

b.The carbon tax is established by the government, and based on a $/ton of CO2 or CO2e.
The more GHG emissions generated, the greater the carbon tax.

c.The carbon tax incentivizes companies (and households) to reduce their carbon footprint.

d.As the carbon tax is often passed on to the consumer in a higher price for goods and
services. Therefore, it reduces incentives of companies to invest in new technology.

Fill in the blanks: "Human activity has altered nearly _____% of the earth’s surface."

a.25

b.50

c.75
d.100

Why would organizations want to invest in limiting climate change?

a.In the last four years, organizations leading action on climate change have financially
outperformed the global benchmark by 6%.

b.Operational improvements to reduce greenhouse gases can lead to vast cost reductions.

c.Operational improvements can lead to reduced dependency on natural resources.

d.All of the above

How can finance help sustainable development?

a.By increasing market prices of fossil fuels and energy from non-sustainable sources.

b.By donating to charities and non-profit organizations dealing with sustainable development.

c.By investing in sustainable opportunities while providing appropriate financial returns.

What does the term "resource curse" refer to?

a.A phenomenon where countries with abundant natural resources tend to have stronger and
more stable economies.

b.A situation where countries with abundant natural resources experience economic growth
and high levels of development.

c.A paradox where countries rich in natural resources often have less economic growth and
poorer development outcomes due to factors like corruption and conflict.

d.A strategy where countries deliberately avoid exploiting their natural resources to focus on
industrialization.

Complete this sentence: "Today, about 80 percent of the world’s energy needs are met using
__________ energy resources."

a.
renewable

b.
nonrenewable

c.
unrenewable

d.
No option is correct.

Which of the following actions by a company are examples of climate change mitigation?

a.
Implementing a company-wide recycling program to reduce waste

b.
Investing in renewable energy sources to power operations

c.
Providing financial aid to communities affected by climate change

d.
Designing products that are more energy-efficient and have a lower carbon footprint
Which of the following statements are true about carbon credits?

a.
Carbon credits represent a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions that can be traded
between companies.

b.
Carbon credits are issued for increasing fossil fuel consumption in industrial processes.

c.
Purchasing carbon credits can help offset a company's own greenhouse gas emissions.

d.
Carbon credits are only available to government agencies and cannot be purchased by private
companies.

Which of the following countries have achieved decoupling of economic growth from carbon
emissions?

a.
Vietnam

b.
China

c.
Sweden

d.
United Kingdom

Which of the following gases is responsible for the major effect on warming of the climate?

a.
Carbon dioxide

b.
Methane
c.
Nitrous oxide

Oceans help produce what percentage of the Earth’s oxygen?

a.
10-30%

b.
20-40%

c.
50-80%

d.
70-90%

Where was the COP 26 UN Climate Change Conference held in 2021?

a.
Glasgow

b.
Madrid

c.
London

d.
Amsterdam

Which of the following best defines an Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) for carbon markets?

a.
A system where companies receive unlimited free permits to emit carbon dioxide.

b.
A market-based approach where companies can buy and sell allowances to emit a
certain amount of carbon dioxide, with a cap set on total emissions.
c.
A regulation that forces all companies to completely eliminate carbon emissions by a fixed
deadline.

d.
A voluntary program where companies report their carbon emissions without any penalties.

What is a Greenwashing?

a.
Goods that are produced under sustainable environmental conditions.

b.
Companies putting Fairtrade labels on their products.

c.
Companies making false or unsubstantiated environmental claims.

Which of the following sectors is most directly and severely impacted by climate change?

a.
Agriculture

b.
Energy

c.
Industry

d.
Services

The description 'Ensure access to sustainable, reliable, and affordable energy for all' belongs
to which SDG among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

a.
SDG 7

b.
SDG 9

c.
SDG 13

d.
SDG 14

Which sectors are most closely related to SDG 15 on the terrestrial ecosystems?

a.
Health and education

b.
Agri-food, energy and textiles

c.
Construction and large cunsumption

What are the measures taken by countries with respect to the Paris Agreement?

a.
Solely mitigation measures

b.
Solely adaptation measures

c.
Mitigation and adaptation measures

What is a Pigouvian tax?

a.
A tax imposed on the income of individuals to reduce economic inequality.

b.
A tax levied on goods and services to generate revenue for environmental projects.

c.
A tax on activities that generate negative externalities, aimed at correcting market
outcomes by internalizing the social cost.
d.
A tax on luxury items to discourage excessive consumption.

Which components make up biosphere integrity?

a.
Biosphere integrity is another term for biodiversity, meaning the variety of species of plants
and animals on the Earth

b.
Biosphere integrity refers to the number and health of species of animals, including
extinction rates, on the Earth

c.
Biosphere integrity means that humans are not causing harm to animals and plants

d.
Biosphere integrity includes number of species, including extinction rates, as well as
intactness and performance of ecosystems

Is this true or false: "All fossil fuels contain carbon. Burning any fossil fuel converts the
carbon into carbon dioxide gas as an emission."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

What is the most significant environmental impact of plastic pollution in the oceans?

a.
Plastic pollution only affects the ocean's temperature.

b.
Plastics in the ocean break down into microplastics, which can be ingested by marine
life, harming the food chain and ecosystem.

c.
Ocean plastic pollution helps to create new habitats for marine organisms.

d.
Plastic pollution in the oceans significantly increases the salt content of seawater.

What year was the 'triple bottom line' theory invented?

a.
The "triple bottom line" concept was introduced by John Elkington in 1994.

b.
The "triple bottom line" concept was introduced by John Elkington in 1972.

c.
The "triple bottom line" concept was introduced by John Elkington in 1997.

d.
The "triple bottom line" concept was introduced by John Elkington in 1987.

Which one of the statements is the correct definition of a planetary boundary?

a.
A threshold for Earth systems, which, if passed, will lead to irreversible changes

b.
A boundary above which there is an increased risk of changes in the overall conditions in the
critical Earth Systems

c.
A tipping point for critical Earth systems which humans may not surpass

d.
A limit for the amount of greenhouse gasses that can be released to the atmosphere
to avoid the negative consequences of global warming
Which Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) aims to protect the ozone layer?

a.
SDG 7

b.
SDG 14

c.
SDG 13

d.
SDG 15

What proportion of people worldwide rely on forests for their subsistence needs, livelihoods,
employment, and income?

a.
15%

b.
25%

c.
35%

d.
45%

What is the approximate efficiency of a typical coal or natural gas-fired power plant?

a.
35%

b.
50%

c.
75%

d.
95%

The chemical reaction C18H18 + 12.5O2 → 8CO2 + 9H2O represents the combustion of
which of the following fossil fuels?

a.
Natural Gas

b.
Coal

c.
Gasoline

Is this true or false: "Energy production, including transportation, is the greatest contributor
to anthropogenic GHGs, primarily resulting from combustion of fossil fuels."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Roughly what is the breakdown of global greenhouse gas emissions between sectors?

a.
Energy 55-75%, Food 20-33%, other emissions 5-15%
b.
Food 40-50%, Energy 30-40%, other emissions 10-30%

c.
Energy 30-40%, Food 10-30%, other emissions 10-30%

d.
Other emissions 40-50%, Energy 20-30%, Food 10-20%

Where do the GHGs come from?

a.
Energy
b.
Agriculture
c.
Industrial Processes
d.
Land-Use Change
e.
Waste
Choose the correct sequence of events in the greenhouse effect in the correct step

The planet re-radiates some of this energy back into space.-> 2

Some is trapped in the atmosphere, acting like a blanket around the earth.-> 3
Energy from sun warms the planet.-> 1

Why was the term ‘Anthropocene’, introduced by Paul Crutzen, coined to represent the
present epoch in Earth’s history?

a.
Because of the discovery of human induced global warming
b.
Because the human population is greater than any time before in the Earth’s history
c.
Because fossil fuels used today were deposited in that geological period
d.
Because of the human activities are impacting Earth at the global level

QUIZ 5

What are the broad aims of SDG 17?

a. Finance: Mobilize financial resources for developing countries.

b. Technology: Promote the development and transfer of technologies.

c. Capacity-building: Enhance the capacity of developing countries.

d. All are correct.

e. Trade: Promote a universal, rules-based trading system.

f. Data Monitoring: Improve the availability and quality of data for monitoring progress.

g. Systemic Issues: Address systemic issues such as policy coherence and multi-stakeholder
partnerships

According to Sustainable Development Goal 17 (SDG 17), the key to achieving sustainable
development is ______.

a. Strengthening the management of natural resources.

b. Strengthening international cooperation and development funding.

c. Promoting cultural and linguistic diversity.

d. Strengthening border control and national security.

Complete this sentence: "The Pathfinders covers all targets for peaceful, just and inclusive
societies, linking the 12 targets from SDG16 to ______ targets from seven other goals that
directly measure an aspect of peace, justice or inclusion (SDG16+)."

a. 12

b. 16

c. 24
d. 36

The achievement of which SDGs is most directly affected by the current armed conflicts?

a. SDG 16. Peace, justice and stable institutions.

b. SDG 17. Partnerships to achieve the objectives.

c. SDG 15. The life of the terrestrial ecosystems.

d. SDG 8. Decent work and economic growth.

What is essential for businesses to be able to achieving SDG16?

a.

Provide sponsorship for higher courts and judges.

b.

Teach their employees about international law and crime.

c.

Public-private partnerships and contributing to reduction of corruption.

The index commonly used to measure good governance/institutional effectiveness is ____.

a.

Corruption Perceptions Index" (CPI)

b.

Provincial Competitiveness Index (MCI)

c.

Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)

d.

Human Development Index (HDI)

Câu 1: Complete this sentence: "Human rights are part of _________ law, contained in
treaties and declarations that spell out specific rights that countries are required to uphold."
a.
international

b.
national

c. state

d. local

Câu 2: Complete this sentence: "______________ includes the practices of forced labor, debt
bondage, domestic servitude, forced marriage, sex trafficking, child sex trafficking, and the
recruitment and use of child soldiers."

a.
Human trafficking

b.
Human smuggling

c.
Human trading

d.
Human kidnapping

Câu 3: Is this true or false: "Every hour, somewhere in the world, a child is killed by
violence."?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu 4: Which SDG focuses on reducing corruption and bribery in all their forms?

a.
SDG 8

b.
SDG 10

c.
SDG 16

d.
SDG 17

Câu 5: Is this true or false: "Human rights give people the freedom to choose how they live,
how they express themselves, and what kind of government they want to support."?
Hãy chọn một:
Đúng
Sai

Câu 6: Which countries have the highest scores of Corruption Perceptions Index?

a.
Denmark

b.
New Zealand

c.
Sweden

d.
Singapore

e.
The United States

f.
North Korea

g.
Vietnam

h.
Brazil

Câu 7: Complete this sentence: "Examples of _________ include bribery and embezzlement,
theft, tax evasion, and profiting from illicit flows (such as drugs or illegal arms)."

a.
corruption

b.
fraud

c.
bribery

d.
crime

Câu hỏi 8: Which countries are the top five recipient countries of remittances?
a.
India

b.
China

c.
Mexico

d.
Philippines

e.
Egypt

f.
Vietnam

g.
Indonesia

h.
Nigeria

Câu hỏi 9: What is the primary purpose of debt-for-nature swaps?

a.
To reduce the interest rates on national debt.

b.
To exchange debt relief for commitments to environmental conservation.

c.
To increase government spending on green building projects.

d.
To convert foreign aid into natural resource extraction.

Câu hỏi 10: Complete this sentence: "There is an increased role for ____________ and civil
society to take actions and develop plans."

a.
local communities

b.
private companies

c.
individual citizens

d.
local governments

Câu hỏi 12: Complete this sentence: "When governments borrow, this is known as
___________."

a.
public debt

b.
government debt

c.
public-sector debt

d.
country debt

Câu hỏi 13: Which of the following measures includes remittances?

a.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

b.
Gross National Income (GNI)

c.
Net National Product (NNP)
d.
Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Câu hỏi 14: Why is incorporating a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) approach important when
using new technologies?

a.
It ensures technologies are used without consideration of energy consumption and pollution.

b.
It helps avoid increased energy consumption and pollution by considering environmental
impacts from the start.

c.
It allows for the complete disregard of international cooperation in technology development.

d.
It focuses solely on the immediate financial benefits of technology, ignoring long-term
environmental effects.

Câu hỏi 15: Complete this sentence: "A __________ is a type of financial security that
provides capital to the public sector to fund projects that have positive social outcomes."

a.
social impact bond (SIB)

b.
green climate fund

c.
environmental bond

d.
green bond

Câu hỏi 16:

SDG 16 (Peace, justice and strong institutions) includes:
a.
Broadening and strengthening the participation of developing countries in the institutions of
global governance.

b.
Mobilizing financial resources for developing countries.

c.
Promoting sustainable technology for developing countries.

d.
Supporting developing countries to achieve debt sustainability.

Câu hỏi 17: Which of the following are common issues associated with illegal businesses in
developing countries?

a.
They often contribute to economic growth by creating many job opportunities for poor
families.

b.
They undermine formal economic sectors and can lead to loss of tax revenue.

c.
They may exacerbate corruption and weaken the rule of law.

d.
They promote transparency and fair competition against formal sectors.

Câu hỏi 18: How does SDG 16 promote the development of inclusive economic institutions?

a.
By encouraging exclusive business practices that favor large corporations over small
enterprises.

b.
By supporting the creation of economic institutions that provide equal opportunities, enhance
transparency, and ensure fair competition.
c.
By focusing solely on increasing corporate profits regardless of social impact.

d.
By increasing access to financial services and opportunities for marginalized communities.

Câu hỏi 19: Which of the following are characteristics of informal institutions, such as social
norms?

a.
They are officially codified in legal documents and government regulations.

b.
They influence behavior and expectations based on unwritten rules and cultural practices.

c.
They can shape organizational culture and social interactions within a community.

d.
They are enforced through formal legal mechanisms and governmental institutions.

Câu hỏi 20: According to SDG16+, Targets 4.7 (promotion of global citizenship), 5.5
(women participation and leadership), 10.2 (social, economic, political inclusion), 11.3
(inclusive urbanization), and 17.10 (equitable trade system) are elements of ________.

a.
Just societies

b.
Inclusive societies

c.
Peaceful societies

d.
All are correct.

Câu hỏi 21: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that are directly related to
the aspect of good governance are:

a.
SDGs 16, 17

b.
SDGs 1, 2

c.
SDGs 5, 10

d.
SDGs 8, 12

Câu hỏi 22: According to the World Bank's WGI indicators, the key aspects of governance
do not include:

a.
Government effectiveness

b.
Voice of local people and accountability

c.
Corruption control

d.
Military power

Câu hỏi 23: Inclusive economic institutions ____________.

a.
create a level playing field for economic actors

b.
emphasize the role of centralized government management

c.
create opportunities for the formation of monopolies
d.
are based on social conduct rules/social norms

Câu hỏi 24:

What is a key characteristic of extractive economic institutions?

a.
They promote broad and equitable distribution of wealth and resources across society.

b.
They concentrate power and wealth in the hands of a few, often leading to inequality and
limited economic opportunities for the majority.

c.
They focus on creating inclusive policies that support small businesses and entrepreneurship.

d.
They encourage transparency and accountability in the management of public resources.

Câu hỏi 25: How does SDG 16 address corruption at the firm level?

a.
By promoting the development of renewable energy sources within companies.

b.
By encouraging firms to implement robust anti-corruption measures and transparent
practices.

c.
By focusing solely on improving access to ethical education and training for employees.

d.
By requiring firms to increase their sustainability report efforts.

Câu hỏi 26: What are some advantages of informal institutions, such as social norms, for
businesses operating in developing countries?

a.They create rigid regulatory frameworks that businesses must strictly follow.
b.They foster trust and cooperation within local communities, facilitating smoother business
interactions.

c.They often provide valuable local insights and networks that can aid in market entry and
expansion.

d.They enforce strict legal penalties for non-compliance, ensuring high levels of business
discipline.

Câu hỏi 27: What is a transformational partnership?

a.
A partnership that develops new transformational value propositions.

b.
A partnership between government and businesses.

c.
A partnership based on a contract, one party is providing money to another party that
delivers.

Câu hỏi 28: Which of the following statements stands correct for SDG 17?

a.
SDG 17 recognizes multi-stakeholder partnerships as important vehicles for achieving the
SDGs in all countries, particularly developing countries.

b.
It encourages and promotes effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships.

c.
It builds on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships.

d.
All of the above

Câu hỏi 29:

Which of the following best describes how corruption is addressed within ESG
(Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria?
a.
Corruption is solely addressed through environmental regulations and standards.

b.
Corruption is managed by establishing clear anti-corruption policies and practices within the
governance framework.

c.
Corruption is only addressed through financial reporting and auditing practices.

d.
Corruption is not a concern within ESG criteria, as it focuses exclusively on environmental
and social factors.

Câu hỏi 30: SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) includes:

a.
Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries.

b.
Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries.

c.
Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources.

d.
Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability.

Câu hỏi 31: The framework of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Human Rights
contains three pillars. What are they?

a.
Protect, respect and remedy

b.
Assess, mitigate and prevent

c.
Identify, evaluate and contrast
Câu hỏi 32:
The participation of the people, diversity, and the rule of law belong to which of the
following concepts?

a.
Extractive economic institutions

b.
Extractive political institutions

c.
Inclusive political institutions

d.
Inclusive economic institutions

Câu hỏi 33: The three aspects of SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions include
_________.

a.
Strong institutions, peace, justice

b.
Laws, policies, regulations

c.
Executive, legislature, judiciary

d.
Transparency, accountability, impartiality

Câu hỏi 34
According to SDG16+, Targets 4.A (education facilities), 5.2 (violence against women and
girls), 5.3 (child and forced marriage) 8.7 (forced labor, modern slavery), 10.7 (safe
migration) and 11.7 (safe public spaces) are elements of ________.

a.
Just societies
b.
Inclusive societies

c.
Peaceful societies

d.
All are correct.

Câu hỏi 35: What’s the engine that makes a financial system work properly?

a.
Liquidity and low default rates.

b.
Minimizing risks and seeking opportunities.

c.
Trust and transparency.

d.
Resolving customers’ problems.

Câu hỏi 36: According to SDG16+, Targets 4.5 (equal access to education), 5.1
(discrimination against women and girls), 8.5 (equal pay), 8.8 (labor rights), and 10.4
(policies for greater equality) are elements of ________.

a.
Just societies

b.
Inclusive societies

c.
Peaceful societies

d.
All are correct.

Câu hỏi 37:

What is the reason for the necessity of partnerships in sustainable development?

a.
A holistic approach is needed to address the complex issues of sustainable development.

b.
Better utilization of resources and promotion of unified approaches.

c.
Sustainable development encompasses multiple aspects: economic, social, environmental,
and institutional.

d.
Most targets of the Global Goals are wicked problems.

e.
All are correct.

Câu hỏi 38:

Which of the following are common causes of a weak rule of law in developing countries?

a.
Strong and independent judicial institutions with robust enforcement mechanisms.

b.
High levels of corruption and bribery within government and legal institutions.

c.
Well-established systems for enforcing property rights and contracts.

d.
Limited access to legal resources and weak enforcement of legal protections.
Câu hỏi 39:
"Enhancing the means of implementation and revitalizing global partnerships for sustainable
development" reflects the content of which SDG below?

a.
SDG 16

b.
SDG 17

c.
SDG 10

d.
SDG 5

Câu hỏi 40:

Which of the following are key roles of the private sector in advancing sustainability and
supporting SDG 17?

a.
Investing in innovative technologies and practices that reduce environmental impact.

b.
Restricting partnerships with NGOs and international organizations to limit collaboration.

c.
Engaging in public-private partnerships to address global challenges and promote sustainable
development.

d.
Focusing solely on short-term financial gains without considering long-term environmental or
social impacts.

How does SDG 16 relate to justice at the firm level?

a.By promoting strict environmental regulations to enhance corporate accountability.

b.By ensuring that firms adopt transparent and fair practices in handling disputes and
complaints.
c.By requiring companies to increase their investment in applied research and development
for a better world.
d.By encouraging firms to change from profit maximization to welfare maximization.

One of the principles of good governance is that parties must fulfill which of the following
responsibilities?

a.Accountability
b.Monitoring
c.Innovation
d.Citizenship

Which of the following is not a characteristic of inclusive economic institutions?

a.Dominant, well-functioning market system

b.The state supports the market system
c.A level playing field for all economic actors
d.Lack of or insufficient competition

Why is SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions important to society?

a.
Safe medicine is important in order to prevent microbial resistance.

b.
In a safe environment, employees can produce more, thus economy grows.

c.
Trust in safe and fair institutions is the basis for sustainable development.

Good governance includes both the public sector and the ________ sector, particularly large
multinational corporations.

a.
non-governmental
b.
private
c.
international
d.
civil society
QUIZ 6

Which ones are correct?

a. The Coca Cola company has implemented water conservation programs around the
world as a means of both ensuring clean water and a future product.
b. It turns out that doing ‘Less Bad’ to people and the planet is not always good for business.
c. Companies are increasingly enhancing their corporate social responsibility as a
means to retaining and growing consumers.
d. CEOs in developing countries don't realize that many customers want a company with a
foundation in social responsibility and products with a smaller environmental footprint.

According to a 2023 survey by Ernst & Young, which ones are correct?
a. 87% of the executives surveyed stated ESG and Sustainability initiatives are “very”
to “extremely important”.
b. 81% of companies surveyed have a Chief Sustainability Officer (CSO) as part of the
executive team.
c. 82% of companies surveyed have carbon reduction goals and net-zero target dates
identified.
d. 87% of executives surveyed support and report diversity in their workplace.

What’s the meaning of materiality?

a. Taking only short-term shareholder expectations into account.
b. Identifying the expectations of the company and its components, together with the
expectations and needs of the key stakeholders.
c. Promoting activities in the area of Corporate Social Responsibility.

According to the Tomorrow’s Investment Rules 2.0 report, indicate the incorrect answer:
a. 62% of investors believe that non-financial information is key in all sectors and not just for
energy.
b. Environmental and social risks have greater weight in the investment decisions of large
institutional investors, but 64% declare that companies don’t list them adequately.
c. 25% of institutional investors require boards of directors to endorse companies’
non-financial information.

Which of the following statements is not correct?

a. B-Corporations are certified by a 3rd party rating company: B-Labs.
b. B-Labs is a non-profit that promotes the interests of business with those of society.
c. Certified B-Corporations have incorporated minimum standards of social and
environmental responsibility.
d. Certified B Corporations are leaders in the global movement for an inclusive, equitable,
and regenerative economy.
With regard to the loss of biodiversity and ecosystems, what’s the framework that’s being
created to measure nature?

a.
TCFD - Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures.

b.
TNFD - Task Force on Nature-Related Financial Disclosures.

c.
Mitigation, adaptation, protection of water resources, circular economy, pollution prevention
and biodiversity protection.

Which one is not correct?

a.
Third party certifications ensure product design, manufacturing and business practices meet
strict certification protocols.

b.
Most certifications are highly specific, focused on areas such as greenhouse gas emissions,
treatment of workers, and how a product was made.

c.
Certifications continue to evolve; USDA Organic is the next step in food certification,
ensuring not only organic inputs, but also worker fairness and animal welfare.

d.
Certifications can be a trusted source demonstrating a company’s commitment to business
practices that have positive social and environmental impacts.

Câu hỏi 1
What is the role of research in policy making?

a.
Research is rarely useful for policy making
b.
Research helps us understand the world better, thus enabling better decision making
regarding our interactions with the rest of the world

c.
There is a limited interface between research and policy

Câu hỏi 2: The European Union has been a pioneer in the implementation of a common
activity rating system to encourage sustainable private investment. What’s this rating system
known as?

a.
Agenda 2030, promoted by the European Union.

Sai

b.
EU Sustainable Finance Taxonomy, which includes an implementing regulation.

c.
European sustainable credit guide.

Câu hỏi 3: To achieve SDG 1 "No Poverty," what actions can businesses undertake and
report?

a.
Have clear policies on income, wages, and employee benefits.

b.
Publicly report on the company's business performance.

c.
Implement and report on corporate social responsibility (CSR) results.

d.
Donate to help the poor and advertise these images on social media.

Câu hỏi 4:What should businesses report to demonstrate their implementation of SDG 8
“Decent Work and Economic Growth”?
a.
Report the average number of working hours per week, including overtime.

b.
Report improvements in water use efficiency through the application of the 5R principles:
Reduce, Reuse, Restore, Recycle, and Replenish.

c.
Report on the introduction of reliable healthcare and education services for the children of
employees.

d.
Report on the business performance and dividend policy for shareholders.

Câu hỏi 5: Which of the following is a key feature of a sustainability report?

a.
Reporting solely on financial performance.

Sai

b.
Focusing only on short-term business strategies.

c.
Providing information on social and environmental impacts alongside financial performance.

d.
Exclusively detailing annual revenue and profit margins.

Câu hỏi 6: Which of the following certifications aims to ensure that furniture products are
environmentally friendly?

a.
FSC (Forest Stewardship Council)

b.
FairTrade
c.
Energy Star

d.
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)

Câu hỏi 7: Complete this sentence: "The EU has released its latest version of its reporting
standards, the _________, impacting almost every company doing business within the
European Union over the next few years."

a.
Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)

b.
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)

c.
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)

d.
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

Câu hỏi 8: According to a 2022 survey by KPMG, which ones are correct?

a.
96% of the world’s largest 250 companies report their sustainability or ESG performance.

b.
100% of the 100 largest U.S. companies report their sustainability or ESG performance.

c.
80% of the world’s largest companies have carbon reduction targets.
d.
64% of the world’s largest 250 companies view climate change as a threat to their business.

Câu hỏi 9: Which of the following certifications aims to ensure that farmers are treated
equitably?

a.
USDA Organic

b.
FairTrade

c.
Energy Star

d.
ISO 14001

Câu hỏi 10:According to the United Nations, businesses need to meet basic responsibilities in
the following key areas:

a.
(1) Human rights, (2) Labor, (3) Environment and (4) Anti-corruption

b.
(1) Human rights, (2) Workers, (3) Staffs, and (4) Partbers

c.
(1) Human rights, (2) Shareholders, (3) Banks and (4) Government

d.
(1) Human rights, (2) Customers, (3) Suppliers, and (4) Investors

Câu hỏi 11: How does climate change relate to hunger and malnutrition?
a.
There is no relationship between changes in our climate and hunger

b.
There is a clear relationship between climate change and hunger, and the amount of starving
people is expected to decrease because of climate change

c.
There is a clear relationship between climate change and hunger, and the numbers of under
nourished people are expected to increase because of climate change

Câu hỏi 12: Which one is correct about SASB (Sustainability Accounting Standards Board)
and ISSB (International Sustainability Standards Board)?

a.
SASB (in 2011) ultimately evolved into ISSB (in 2021), with largely the same goal, now on
an international scale.

b.
ISSB (in 2011) ultimately evolved into SASB (in 2021), with largely the same goal, now on
an international scale.

c.
None is correct.

Câu hỏi 13: Complete this sentence: "__________ provides standards for companies
preparing a GHG emissions inventory."

a.
Greenhouse Gas Protocol

b.
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)
c.
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)

d.
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

Câu hỏi 14: How many related transformative solutions has the United Nations Sustainable
Development Solutions Network (SDSN) proposed to achieve the Sustainable Development
Goals?

a.4
b.6
c.8
d.10

Câu hỏi 15: What is Sustainability report?

a.
Reporting only on economic indicators.

b.
Reporting only on environmental indicators.

c.
Reporting on business performance and social and environmental impact.

d.
Reporting only on governance indicators.

Câu hỏi 16: Complete this sentence: "________ Entrepreneurship: startups formed
specifically to address problems related to people and planet: Education, Poverty, Health
Care, Safe Food Production, Global Warming, Clean Water, Clean Energy, etc."

a.
Social

b.
Business

c.
Green

d.
Sustainable

Câu hỏi 17: Why might businesses want to engage in Agenda 2030?

a.
Businesses that deliver solutions to problems raised by Agenda 2030 are essential in solving
social and environmental problems

b.
The markets will not change in the coming decades, so the businesses have no incentive to
engage in the SDGs

c.
The sustainable development of the business sector is not necessary in meeting the targets of
Agenda 2030

Câu hỏi 18: How can greenwashing be reduced?

a.
By engaging key players to drive alignment with the sustainability standards.

b.
Investing in marketing campaigns.

c.
Alignment with the 2030 Agenda of the SDGs.

Câu hỏi 19:

Which one is correct?
a.
CSR can be considered fundamental to a company’s culture - its core values. ESG is more a
measure of corporate performance along its sustainability goals.

b.
ESG can be considered fundamental to a company’s culture - its core values. CSR is more a
measure of corporate performance along its sustainability goals.

Câu hỏi 20: SMEs account for 90% of the world’s business fabric. However, more than half
of them aren’t aware of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs. True or false?

Hãy chọn một:

Đúng
Sai

Câu hỏi 21: Complete this sentence: "The __________ Sustainability Reporting Standards are
perhaps the most widely adopted protocols used by companies when creating their
Sustainability Reports."

a.
Greenhouse Gas Protocol (SGP)

b.
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)

c.
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)

d.
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

Câu hỏi 22: What categories are covered by the Impact Assessment for certified B-Corps?

a.
Governance, Workers, Community, Environment, and Customers

b.
Human Resource, Finance, Technology, Marketing, and Sales
c.
Legal Compliance, Product Design, Customer Satisfaction, Revenue Growth, and Corporate
Social Responsibility

d.
Sustainable Advertising, Sustainable Operations, Sustainable Supply Chain, Sustainable
Finance, and Good Public Relations

Câu hỏi 23: Which of the following is not a challenge in measuring, monitoring, and
evaluating the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals?

a.
The progress towards achieving the goals is too rapid.

b.
Lack of data

c.
Lack of international cooperation

d.
Unreliable data

Câu hỏi 24: In which areas do the greatest business opportunities arise for companies with
respect to sustainability?

a.
Energy, cities, food and agriculture and health and well-being.

b.
People, economy and environment.

c.
Wars, pandemic and poverty.

Câu hỏi 25: Which one is not correct?

a.
Third party certifications ensure product design, manufacturing and business practices meet
strict certification protocols.

b.
Most certifications are highly specific, focused on areas such as greenhouse gas emissions,
treatment of workers, and how a product was made.

c.
Certifications continue to evolve; USDA Organic is the next step in food certification,
ensuring not only organic inputs, but also worker fairness and animal welfare.

d.
Certifications can be a trusted source demonstrating a company’s commitment to business
practices that have positive social and environmental impacts.

Câu hỏi 26: Complete this question: "________ is the process of conveying a false
impression or misleading information about how a company’s products are environmentally
sound."

a.
Upcycling

b.
Carbon footprinting

c.
Ethical Sourcing

d.
Greenwashing

Câu hỏi 27: What is the CHRB report?

a.
A report on the human rights disclosure of 229 global companies in five sectors identified as
posing a high risk to humans.

b.
Report on the progress of the 2030 Agenda and human rights.

c.
United Nations Report on Human Rights.

Câu hỏi 28: Complete this question: "________ is withholding information on climate
strategy for fear that releasing it will bring some form of reputational risk."

a.
Green-hushing

b.
Carbon footprinting

c.
Ethical Sourcing

d.
Greenwashing

Câu hỏi 29: What does the Sustainable Development Index - SDI measure?

a.
Green economic growth and green job creation

b.
The combination of GDP, quality of life, and environmental criteria
c.
Green GDP and environmental degradation

d.
National debt, fiscal policies, and international trade patterns

Câu hỏi 30: Which of the following is not a typical example of measuring, monitoring, and
evaluating the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals?

a.
Collect proper data

b.
Analyze the progress of goal implementation

c.
Report results to stakeholders

d.
Annually set new Sustainable Development Goals

Câu hỏi 31: Complete this sentence: "The _______ is the company’s voice for sustainability,
and is often listed on annual reports."

a.
CSO (Chief Sustainability Officer)

b.
CFO (Chief Financial Officer)

c.
CEO (Chief Executive Officer)

d.
COO (Chief Operating Officer)
e.
CMO (Chief Marketing Officer)

Câu hỏi 32: To demonstrate SDG 4 “Quality Education,” what should businesses implement
and report?

a.
Health and safety at work.

b.
The quality of air and water in the workplace.

c.
The average number of training hours per year per employee, disaggregated by gender and
employee type.

d.
Encourage workers and staffs to read as much as possible.

Câu hỏi 33:

Why is measuring sustainability so important? (select all the ones that are applicable)

a.
To guarantee transparency and trust for businesses.

b.
The company must be accountable to its stakeholders.

c.
Managing and administering the company better.

d.
The company must be accountable to its shareholders.
e.
No option is correct.
Câu hỏi 34: Complete this sentence: "Sustainable business practices, with _______ as a
foundation, are becoming accepted by more and more in the business community as the way
to create shared value among all stakeholders!"

a.
CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)

b.
SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)

c.
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance)

d.
TBL (Triple Bottom Line)

Câu hỏi 35: Complete this question: "________ is a form of deceptive advertising where a
company claims the product is environmentally friendly, when in fact it is not."

a.
Green-hushing

b.
Green advertising

c.
Green pricing

d.
Greenwashing
Câu hỏi 36: When a company is identifying the SDGs it can work on most, which stage of the
SDG Compass model has it reached?

a.
Understanding the SDGs

b.
Defining priorities

c.
Setting objectives

d.
Integrating

e.
Reporting and communicating

Câu hỏi 37: Visualizing the individual contribution to each SDG and obtaining the
aggregation gives us a clear view of each country’s contribution to sustainability. True or
false?

a.
True, it shows the actual progress made with respect to each of the objectives and goals.

b.
False, it may be misleading, as developed countries look better but tend to use far more
resources and contribute more to climate change.

Câu hỏi 38:

Why is a ‘systems approach’ necessary for sustainable development?

a.
A systems approach helps decision makers to understand the big picture with both positive
and negative interactions of sustainable development initiatives
b.
A systems approach enables decision makers to cherry-pick a single SDG and highlight the
improvements without considering other SDGs

c.
A systems approach enables decision makers to put all their effort into improvements of a
few selected SDGs

Câu hỏi 39: Which one is not correct?

a.
Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, is about integrating elements of social and
environmental responsibility into a company’s business practices.

b.
CSR is a compulsory task, often to demonstrate a company’s willingness to be a good
corporate citizen.

c.
Today, what was voluntary is now becoming required, often through ESG (Environmental,
Social, Governance) metrics or required as part of sustainability reporting.

Câu hỏi 40: What are the six environmental objectives of the EU Sustainable Finance
Taxonomy?

a.
Mitigation, climate change, governance, circular economy, pollution and biodiversity.

b.
Pollution, mitigation, adaptation, water use, biodiversity and circular economy.

c.
Mitigation, adaptation, protection of water resources, circular economy, pollution prevention
and biodiversity protection.
Which ones are correct?
a.The Coca Cola company has implemented water conservation programs around the
world as a means of both ensuring clean water and a future product.

b.It turns out that doing ‘Less Bad’ to people and the planet is not always good for business.

c.Companies are increasingly enhancing their corporate social responsibility as a means

to retaining and growing consumers.

d.CEOs in developing countries don't realize that many customers want a company with a
foundation in social responsibility and products with a smaller environmental footprint.

Which ones are correct?

a.A sustainable business incorporates social and environmental impacts into its
decision-making regarding the need to make profits.
b.Growth rates of sustainable products and services have been far higher than
conventional products in the last two decades.
c.Businesses that pay attention to their environmental and social impacts do worse than those
that don’t.
d.A sustainable business always discloses its annual sustainability report.

How do we measure progress through the SDG framework?

a.Through indicators used to measure the global status of the SDGs

b.Through media reports
c.Through statements given by politicians

The European Union has been a pioneer in the implementation of a common activity rating
system to encourage sustainable private investment. What’s this rating system known as?

a.Agenda 2030, promoted by the European Union.

b.EU Sustainable Finance Taxonomy, which includes an implementing regulation.
c.European sustainable credit guide.

Complete this question: "________ is a new term where a company decides not to
communicate its product’s sustainability features, for fear of attacks of potential
greenwashing, or as a way of alienating certain markets."

a.
Green-hushing
b.
Sustainable marketing
c.
Green placing
d.
Greenwashing