XII Computer PBA List of Practical FBISE Solution

Question 1: Installation and Familiarization

Answer: Install any of your favorite ide (VSCODE , Dev C++ , turbo C++)from Internet
After downloading, install it by Run as administrator then
configure it to use your installed compiler.
Write a Test Program:
Create a simple "Hello, world!" program to ensure everything is working:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Hello World! \n";
return 0;
}
Compile and run
Save the code as filename.cpp
Run and execute the program and check output.
Question 2: Familiarization with IDE of C++
Answer: There are 5 components of IDE of C++
Text editor : Like Word Processor you can create edit save the file
Compiler : Converts the code written in high level language into low level language
Linker : Creates an executable file
Loader: It loads the program into memory and runs it
Debugger: It highlights and removes errors in program
Question 3: Write some programs using: cin , cout , escape sequences Setw
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main()
{
// Using cin , cout
int age;
cout << "Enter your age: ";
cin >> age;
cout << "You entered: " << age << endl;

// Using cout with escape sequences

cout << "This is a string with a newline character: \\n" << endl;
cout << "This is a string with a tab character: \\tTabbed text" << endl;
cout << "This is a string with a backslash: \\\\" << endl;
cout << "This is a string with a double quote: \\\"Quoted text\\\"" << endl;
cout << "This is a string with a carriage return: first line\rsecond line" << endl; // overwrites first line

// Using setw
cout << setw(10) << "Name" << setw(10) << "Age" << endl;
cout << setw(10) << "Alice" << setw(10) << 30 << endl;
cout << setw(10) << "Bob" << setw(10) << 25 << endl;
return 0;
}

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Question 4: Write program for problems like: Solving arithmetic problems to (calculate
interest, percentage, average, ratio, grades etc.)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int choice;
double num1, num2, num3;
do {
cout << "\n Arithmetic Problem Solver \n";
cout << "1. Calculate Interest \n";
cout << "2. Calculate Percentage \n";
cout << "3. Calculate Average \n";
cout << "4. Calculate Ratio \n";
cout << "5. Calculate Grade \n";
cout << "6. Exit \n";
cout << "Enter your choice: ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)
{
case 1:
{
double principal, rate, time, interest;
cout << "Enter principal amount: ";
cin >> principal;
cout << "Enter interest rate (decimal): ";
cin >> rate;
cout << "Enter time (years): ";
cin >> time;
interest = principal * rate * time;
cout << "Interest: " << interest << endl;
break;
}
case 2:
{
double part, whole, percentage;
cout << "Enter the part: ";
cin >> part;
cout << "Enter the whole: ";
cin >> whole;
percentage = (part / whole) * 100;
cout << "Percentage: " << percentage << "%" << endl;
break;
}
case 3:
{
double a, b, c, average;
cout << "Enter first number: ";
cin >> a;
cout << "Enter second number: ";

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 cin >> b;
cout << "Enter third number: ";
cin >> c;
average = (a + b + c) / 3;
cout << "Average: " << average << endl;
break;
}
case 4:
{
cout << "Enter first number: ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "Enter second number: ";
cin >> num2;
cout << "Ratio: " << num1 << " : " << num2 << endl;
break;
}
case 5:
{
double score;
cout << "Enter score: ";
cin >> score;
if (score >= 90)
{
cout << "Grade: A" << endl;
}
else if (score >= 80)
{
cout << "Grade: B" << endl;
}
else if (score >= 70)
{
cout << "Grade: C" << endl;
}
else if (score >= 60)
{
cout << "Grade: D" << endl;
} else
{
cout << "Grade: F" << endl;
}
break;
}
case 6:
cout << "Exiting program.\n";
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid choice. Please try again.\n";
}
}
while (choice != 6);

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 return 0;
}
Question 5: Calculating area / volume / perimeter of some basic geometrical shapes
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath> // For M_PI and pow()
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int choice;
double side, length, width, height, radius, base;
cout << "Geometry Calculator \n";
cout << "1. Calculate Area of a Square \n";
cout << "2. Calculate Area of a Rectangle \n";
cout << "3. Calculate Area of a Triangle \n";
cout << "4. Calculate Area of a Circle \n";
cout << "5. Calculate Volume of a Cube \n";
cout << "6. Calculate Volume of a Rectangular Prism \n";
cout << "7. Calculate Volume of a Cylinder \n";
cout << "8. Calculate Perimeter of a Square \n";
cout << "9. Calculate Perimeter of a Rectangle \n";
cout << "10. Calculate Circumference of a Circle \n";
cout << "11. Exit \n";
cout << "Enter your choice: ";
cin >> choice;

switch (choice)
{
case 1: // Area of Square
cout << "Enter side length: ";
cin >> side;
cout << "Area: " << side * side << endl;
break;
case 2: // Area of Rectangle
cout << "Enter length: ";
cin >> length;
cout << "Enter width: ";
cin >> width;
cout << "Area: " << length * width << endl;
break;
case 3: // Area of Triangle
cout << "Enter base: ";
cin >> base;
cout << "Enter height: ";
cin >> height;
cout << "Area: " << 0.5 * base * height << endl;
break;
case 4: // Area of Circle
cout << "Enter radius: ";
cin >> radius;
cout << "Area: " << M_PI * pow(radius, 2) << endl;

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 break;
case 5: // Volume of Cube
cout << "Enter side length: ";
cin >> side;
cout << "Volume: " << pow(side, 3) << endl;
break;
case 6: // Volume of Rectangular Prism
cout << "Enter length: ";
cin >> length;
cout << "Enter width: ";
cin >> width;
cout << "Enter height: ";
cin >> height;
cout << "Volume: " << length * width * height << endl;
break;
case 7: // Volume of Cylinder
cout << "Enter radius: ";
cin >> radius;
cout << "Enter height: ";
cin >> height;
cout << "Volume: " << M_PI * pow(radius, 2) * height << endl;
break;
case 8: // Perimeter of Square
cout << "Enter side length: ";
cin >> side;
cout << "Perimeter: " << 4 * side << endl;
break;
case 9: // Perimeter of Rectangle
cout << "Enter length: ";
cin >> length;
cout << "Enter width: ";
cin >> width;
cout << "Perimeter: " << 2 * (length + width) << endl;
break;
case 10: // Circumference of Circle
cout << "Enter radius: ";
cin >> radius;
cout << "Circumference: " << 2 * M_PI * radius << endl;
break;
case 11:
cout << "Exiting...\n";
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid choice.\n";
}
return 0;
}
Question 6: Comparing numbers / strings.
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

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using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Comparing Numbers
int num1, num2;
cout << "Enter the first number: ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "Enter the second number: ";
cin >> num2;
if (num1 > num2)
{
cout << num1 << " is greater than " << num2 << endl;
} else if (num1 < num2)
{
cout << num1 << " is less than " << num2 << endl;
} else {
cout << num1 << " is equal to " << num2 << endl;
}
// Comparing Strings
char str1[60], str2[60];
// Consume the newline left in the buffer by the previous cin
cin.ignore();
cout << "Enter the first string: ";
cin.get(str1, 60);
cin.ignore();
cout << "Enter the second string: ";
cin.get(str2,60);
if (str1 == str2)
{
cout << "The strings are equal." << endl;
}
else if (str1 < str2)
{
cout << str1 << " comes before " << str2 << "." << endl;
}
else
{
cout << str1 << " comes after " << str2 << " ." << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Question 7: Solving quadratic equation
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
double a, b, c, discriminant, root1, root2;

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 cout << "Enter a, b, c: ";
cin >> a >> b >> c;
if(a!=0) {
discriminant = b * b - 4 * a * c;
if (discriminant > 0) {
root1 = (-b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a);
root2 = (-b - sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a);
cout << "Roots: " << root1 << ", " << root2 << endl;
} else if (discriminant == 0) {
root1 = -b / (2 * a);
cout << "Root: " << root1 << endl;
} else {
cout << "Complex roots" << endl;
}
}
else
{
cout<<"invalid input ";
}
return 0;
}
Question 8: Finding out the GCD and LCM.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int gcd(int a, int b) {
while (b != 0) {
int temp = b;
b = a % b;
a = temp;
}
return a;
}
// Function to calculate LCM using GCD
int lcm(int a, int b)
{
return (a * b) / gcd(a, b);
}
int main()
{
int num1, num2;
cout << "Enter the first number: ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "Enter the second number: ";
cin >> num2;
int resultGCD = gcd(num1, num2);
int resultLCM = lcm(num1, num2);
cout << "GCD of " << num1 << " and " << num2 << " is: " << resultGCD << endl;
cout << "LCM of " << num1 << " and " << num2 << " is: " << resultLCM << endl;
return 0;
}

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Question 9: Reading a number and find out whether it is a prime or composite
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void prime(int a)
{
int b=0,c;
if (a==0||a==1)
{
cout<<"Its neither prime nor composite";
return;
}
for(int i=1;i<=a;i++)
{
if(a%i==0)
{
b++;
}
}
if (b==2)
{
cout<<"It is a prime num";
}
else
{
cout<<"it is composite";
}
}
int main()
{
int number;
cout<<"enter any number: ";
cin>>number;
prime(number);
}
Question 10: Sorting a list of items (numeric / string)
//Comparing strings
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string input;
cout << "Enter a string: ";
getline(cin, input); // Read the entire line, including spaces
sort(input.begin(), input.end());
cout << "Sorted string: " << input << endl;
return 0;
}
//Comparing Numbers

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#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm> // for sort function
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int size = 10;
int numbers[size]; // Assuming a maximum of 10 numbers
cout << "Enter numbers:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
cin >> numbers[i];
}
sort(numbers, numbers + size);
cout << "Sorted numbers: ";
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
cout << numbers[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
Question 11: Searching an item out of a list of items (numeric / string)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int size = 3;
int numbers[size]; // Assuming a maximum of 100 numbers
int num;
cout << "Enter numbers :\n";
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
cin>>numbers[i];
}
int searchNum;
cout << "Enter the number to search: ";
cin >> searchNum;
int found = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
if (numbers[i] == searchNum)
{
found = 1;
break;
}
}
if (found)
{
cout << searchNum << " found in the array.\n";
} else {

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 cout << searchNum << " not found in the array.\n";
}
return 0;
}
Question 12: Generating random numbers for a dice using function.
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int rollDice()
{
return (rand() % 6) + 1;
}
int main() {
srand(time(0)); // Seed the random number generator
cout << "You rolled a " << rollDice() << endl;
return 0;
}
Question 13: Finding addition and multiplication of a matrices (Maximum 3 x 3)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int matrix1[3][3], matrix2[3][3], result[3][3];
int rows1, cols1, rows2, cols2;
cout << "Enter dimensions of matrix 1 (rows cols): ";
cin >> rows1 >> cols1;
cout << "Enter elements of matrix 1:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < rows1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols1; j++)
{
cin >> matrix1[i][j];
}
}
cout << "Enter dimensions of matrix 2 (rows cols): ";
cin >> rows2 >> cols2;
cout << "Enter elements of matrix 2:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < rows2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols2; j++)
{
cin >> matrix2[i][j];
}
}
// Addition
if (rows1 == rows2 && cols1 == cols2)
{
cout << "Matrix Addition:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < rows1; i++)

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{
for (int j = 0; j < cols1; j++)
{
result[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];
cout << result[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
else
{
cout << "Matrix addition not possible (dimensions mismatch).\n";
}
// Multiplication
if (cols1 == rows2)
{
cout << "Matrix Multiplication:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < rows1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < cols2; j++)
{
result[i][j] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < cols1; k++)
{
result[i][j] += matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j];
}
cout << result[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
Else
{
cout << "Matrix multiplication not possible (dimensions mismatch).\n";
}
return 0;
}
Question 14:Finding the transpose of a matrix (3 x 3)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int matrix[3][3];
int transpose[3][3];
cout << "Enter the elements of the 3x3 matrix:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
cin >> matrix[i][j];

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 }
}
// Calculate the transpose
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
transpose[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
}
}
// Display the transpose
cout << "Transpose of the matrix:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
cout << transpose[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Question 15: Generating and summing simple series
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, sum = 0;
cout << "Enter the value of n: ";
cin >> n;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
sum += i;
}
cout << "Sum of first " << n << " natural numbers: " << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
Question 16: Reversing a given number / string
// (a) Reverse numbers
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int number, reversedNumber = 0;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;
while (number != 0)
{
int digit = number % 10;
reversedNumber = reversedNumber * 10 + digit;
number /= 10;

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 }
cout << "Reversed number: " << reversedNumber << endl;
return 0;
}
// (b) Reverse String
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring> // For strlen and character manipulation
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[100];
cout << "Enter a string: ";
cin.get(str, 100);
cin.ignore();
int length = strlen(str);
// Reverse the string in place
for (int i = 0, j = length - 1; i < j; i++, j--)
{
char temp = str[i];
str[i] = str[j];
str[j] = temp;
}
cout << "Reversed string: " << str << endl;
return 0;
}
Section-B
I. Write program for problems like: Finding out a specific day of a week for a given data
using function.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int weekDay(int x)
{
switch(x)
{
case 1:
cout<<"Its monday";
break;
case 2:
cout<<"Its Tuesday";
break;
case 3:
cout<<"Its Wednesday";
break;
case 4:
cout<<"Its Thursday";
break;
case 5:
cout<<"Its Friday";
break;
case 6:

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 cout<<"Its Saturday";
break;
case 7:
cout<<"Its Sunday";
break;
default:
cout<<"Please enter valid number (1-7)"
}
}
int main()
{
int y;
cout<<"Please enter valid number (1-7)";
cin>>y;
weekDay(y);
return 0;
}

ii. Write a program to sum two and three numbers of different date types.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int addTwoNumbers(int x, float y)
{
float sum=x+y;
return sum;
}
float addThreeNumbers(int x, float y, float z)
{
float sum= x+y+z;
return sum;
}
int main( ) {
int a;
float b, c;
cout<<"Enter 3 values of different data types\nNote: First value should be of integer type and other should
be of floating types:\n";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
cout<<"\nThe sum of two different numbers are"<<addTwoNumbers(a,b);
cout<<"\n\nThe sum of two different numbers are"<<addThreeNumbers(a,b,c);
return 0;
}
iii. Write a programme to display the address and the value of a variable using pointer
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int var= 3, *pvar;
pvar= &var;
cout<<pvar<<"\n"<<*pvar;
return 0;
}

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iv. Write a program to create and display student object with data members as name, age
and class.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student{
private:
string name;
int age;
int Class;
public:
void inputData(string n, int a, int c){
name=n;
age=a;
Class=c;
}
void displaystd()
{
cout<<"Name:"<<name <<"\n Age: "<<age<<"\n class: "<<Class;
}
};
int main()

{
Student S1;
S1.inputData("Saim", 17, 7);
S1.displaystd();
return 0;
}
v. Write a program to create and read a data file
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Write to a file
ofstream outFile("data.txt"); // Create or open a file for writing
if (outFile.is_open())
{
outFile << "This is a line of text.\n";
outFile << "Another line with numbers: 123 45.6\n";
outFile.close(); // Close the file
cout << "Data written to file successfully.\n";
}
else
{
cerr << "Unable to open file for writing.\n";
return 1; // Indicate an error
}
// Read from a file

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 ifstream inFile("data.txt"); // Open the same file for reading
string line;
if (inFile.is_open()) {
cout << "\nReading from file:\n";
while (getline(inFile, line))
{ // Read line by line
cout << line << endl;
}
inFile.close(); // Close the file
}
else
{
cerr << "Unable to open file for reading.\n";
return 1; // Indicate an error
}
return 0;
}

***************************************************

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