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Lecture

The document discusses various types of composite materials used in dental applications, categorized by curing mechanisms (chemically activated, light activated, and dual cured) and filler particle sizes (conventional, micro filled, small particles, hybrid, and nanocomposites). It details the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of each type, as well as the manipulation process for dental restorations, including etching, bonding, dispensing, and polymerization. The document emphasizes the importance of proper mixing and curing techniques to ensure effective dental restorations.

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13 views20 pages

Lecture

The document discusses various types of composite materials used in dental applications, categorized by curing mechanisms (chemically activated, light activated, and dual cured) and filler particle sizes (conventional, micro filled, small particles, hybrid, and nanocomposites). It details the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of each type, as well as the manipulation process for dental restorations, including etching, bonding, dispensing, and polymerization. The document emphasizes the importance of proper mixing and curing techniques to ensure effective dental restorations.

Uploaded by

ttyym2957
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture:- 7

Types of composite
Based on curing mechanism can be divided to:
1. Chemically activated composite or self cured composite.
2. Light activated composite.
3. Dual cured composite
Based on size of filler particles can be divided to:

1. Conventional or traditional composite.


2. Small particles composite.
3. Micro filled composite.
4. Hybrid composite.
5. Nanocomposites.
 Chemically activated composite resins (self cured composite):This is two
paste system (base and catalyst) two tubes.

 The base paste Contains benzyl peroxide initiator

 The Catalyst paste contains tertiary amine activator


Light activated composite resins:
UV activated systems: The earliest system used Ultra Violet light. Not used now a day
because of the Limited penetration of the light into the resin, Lack of penetration through
tooth structure and it Irritant to the soft tissue.

Visible Light activated resins: They are widely used than the chemically activated resins.
These are single paste system containing Photo initiator 1) and Amine accelerator.
 Under normal light they don't inter act but when exposed to light of the correct
wave length the photo initiator is activated and reacts with amine to form free
radical. In some cases inhibitors are added to enhance its stability to room light
or dental operatory light.

 The properties of light cures composite are:


1. Supplied as single component (light tight syringes) or unit-dose capsules.
2. Working time under control of Operator.
3. More Homogenous mix
4. Required light of correct wave Length for its activation.
5. Cure only where sufficient Intensity of light is received.
6. Less chance of air entrapment during manipulation
Dual cured composite: This formulation contained an initiator and accelerator that
allow light activation follow by self curing. It consists of two light-curable pastes, one
containing benzoyl peroxide and the other containing an aromatic tertiary amine
accelerator. The major advantage of this system is assurance of completion of cure. The
major disadvantage is porosity caused by the required mixing. But this has been greatly
alleviated by the use of mixing syringes. There is also less color stability than with the light
cure resins due to the accelerators, but this is still better than for self-cure systems.
 For Self- and Dual-Cured Composites, Mix equal amount of base and catalyst
pastes thoroughly for 20 to 30 seconds use plastic or wooden spatulas (avoid
metal spatulas because the inorganic filler particles are abrasive and small
amounts of the metal can abraded and discolor the composite.

 Insertion: The composite can be inserted with a plastic instrument, which


does not stick to the composite during insertion or It can be injected into the
cavity preparation by a syringe
Classification based on size of filler particles

1.Conventional composite (Traditional or macrofilled composite): The early


composites were macrofills, These composites contained large spherical or irregular shaped
filler particles, There is a wide distribution of particle size of average filler diameter of 10
to 100 μm, Filler loading is 70-80 wt % or 50-60 vol %. Ground quarts are most
commonly used as filler.
The conventional composite have improved properties compared to unfilled
restorative resin (acrylic) it has more compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic
modulus and hardness, and it has less water sorption and low coefficient of
thermal expansion. Although the conventional composite were superior to unfilled
resin, they had certain disadvantages:

1. Surface finish was very poor and dull appearance (Polishing was difficult and
results in a rough surface) this is due to selective wear of the softer resin matrix
leaving the hard filler particles elevated.

2. Poor resistance to occlusal wear.


3. Tendency to discolor, the rough surface tends to stain.
2.Micro filled composite: They were developed to overcome the problems
of surface roughness of conventional composite. The microfilled composite
achieved the smoothness of unfilled acrylic direct filling resins and the advantages
of having filler. The smoother surface is due to the incorporation of micro fillers,
Colloidal silica is used as micro filler with size 0.01 to 0.1 μm, Filler loading is
50 vol. wt %.
3.Small particles composite: Small particles composite were introduced in an attempt
to have good surface smoothness (like microfilled composite) and yet retain or improve the
physical and mechanical properties of conventional composite. The small particles
composite use fillers that have been ground to smaller filler size about 0.1 – 10 μm.

Due to the higher filler content ( 65 to 77 vol. % or 80 to 90 wt. %) the best physical and
mechanical properties are observed with this type. they can be used in areas of stress such
as CI II and CI III restorations (Due to the improved strength and abrasion resistance). The
filler employed are:
1. Glass containing heavy metals, Ground quartz is also used
2. Colloidal silica is also added in small amount. 5 wt % to adjust the paste viscosity.
4. Hybrid composite: - These were developed so as to obtain better surface smoothness
than that of small particle, but yet maintain the properties of latter. The hybrid composites
have a surface smoothness and esthetics competitive with microfilled composite for
anterior restoration.

Hybrid composites are formulated with mixed filler systems containing both microfine
(0.01 to 0.1 μm) and fine (0.1 to 10 μm) particle fillers.
5.Nanocomposite/ Nanofillers : Nanofillers and Nanocomposites the latest advancement
in composite technology has been the use of nanotechnology in development of fillers.
Nanotechnology is the production of functional materials and structures in the range of 1 -
100 nanometers (nm) by various physical and chemical methods.

Manipulation of the composite: Composites used for restoring teeth are usually supplied in
a kit containing the following:

• Syringes of composite resin paste in various shades.


Etching liquid (37% phosphoric acid).

• Enamel dentin bonding agent.


• Shade guide.
The manipulation is
1. pulpal protection: with cavity liner
2. Etching: the enamel at the cavity margins is acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid
solution or gel for 30 seconds. Flush the acid away with water, and gently dry the surface
with a stream of air.

3. Bonding agent an enamel and dentin bond agent is applied and polymerized that provides
micromechanical retention of the restoration. The cavity is now ready for the composite.

4. dispensing: For light-Cured Composites, dispense small increments and pack into the
cavity preparation, while controlled setting time allows for the individual polymerization of
small increments of composite which help
in:
A- Use of multiple shades of composite within a single restoration.
B- Accommodating polymerization shrinkage within each increment
6. Polymerization: for light cure composite the exposure times vary from 20 to 60 seconds
for a restoration 2 mm thick depending on the type of light-curing unit and the (type, depth,
and shade) of the composite.

for Self-Cured Composites: After mixing, a working (or insertion) time is 1 to 1.5 minutes
then the mix will begin to harden, the setting time is about 4 to 5 minutes from the start of
the mix.

For Dual-Cured Composites: They contain chemical accelerators and light activators, so
polymerization can be initiated by light and then continued by the self-cured mechanism.

7. Finishing and polishing.


Thank you

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