MCQs on Biological Classification for NEET 2027

1. The five-kingdom classification was proposed by: a) Carolus Linnaeus

b) R.H. Whittaker
c) Aristotle
d) Theophrastus
Answer: b) R.H. Whittaker
Explanation: R.H. Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom classification (Monera, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) in 1969, based on cell structure, nutrition, and reproduction.

2. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Kingdom Monera?

a) Presence of a well-defined nucleus
b) Multicellular organization
c) Prokaryotic cell structure
d) Autotrophic nutrition only
Answer: c) Prokaryotic cell structure
Explanation: Monera includes prokaryotes (bacteria and cyanobacteria) with no membrane-
bound nucleus or organelles.

3. Chlamydomonas and Chlorella are placed in which kingdom?

a) Monera
b) Protista
c) Fungi
d) Plantae
Answer: b) Protista
Explanation: Chlamydomonas and Chlorella are unicellular, eukaryotic algae classified
under Kingdom Protista in the five-kingdom system.

4. The cell wall of diatoms is made up of:

a) Cellulose
b) Chitin
c) Silica
d) Peptidoglycan
Answer: c) Silica
Explanation: Diatoms (Kingdom Protista) have a cell wall made of silica, forming
diatomaceous earth, which is indestructible.
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi?
a) Autotrophic nutrition
b) Chitinous cell wall
c) Prokaryotic cells
d) Presence of chlorophyll
Answer: b) Chitinous cell wall
Explanation: Fungi are eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms with a chitinous cell wall. They
lack chlorophyll and depend on saprophytic or parasitic nutrition.

6. The imperfect fungi, which are decomposers and help in mineral cycling, belong to:
a) Ascomycetes
b) Basidiomycetes
c) Deuteromycetes
d) Phycomycetes
Answer: c) Deuteromycetes
Explanation: Deuteromycetes, or imperfect fungi, lack a known sexual stage and are
important decomposers.

7. Which organism is responsible for ringworm disease and belongs to the same
kingdom as Rhizopus?
a) Ascaris
b) Microsporum
c) Wuchereria
d) Taenia
Answer: b) Microsporum
Explanation: Microsporum (a fungus causing ringworm) and Rhizopus (a mould) both
belong to Kingdom Fungi.

8. The most abundant prokaryotes helpful in making curd and antibiotics are:
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Archaebacteria
c) Heterotrophic bacteria
d) Chemosynthetic autotrophs
Answer: c) Heterotrophic bacteria
Explanation: Heterotrophic bacteria, like Lactobacillus, are used in curd formation and
antibiotic production.
9. Which of the following is a feature of viruses?
a) They are obligate parasites
b) They have a cellular structure
c) They can grow on artificial media
d) They possess their own metabolic machinery
Answer: a) They are obligate parasites
Explanation: Viruses are acellular, obligate parasites that require a host to replicate and lack
their own metabolic machinery.

10. The glycocalyx in bacteria provides:

a) Locomotion
b) A sticky character
c) Photosynthetic ability
d) Nuclear protection
Answer: b) A sticky character
Explanation: Glycocalyx, a polysaccharide layer, gives bacteria a sticky surface for
adhesion.

11. Which kingdom includes organisms with both unicellular and multicellular forms?
a) Monera
b) Protista
c) Fungi
d) Plantae
Answer: b) Protista
Explanation: Protista includes unicellular (e.g., Amoeba) and multicellular (e.g., kelps)
eukaryotic organisms.

12. Neurospora is used extensively in the study of:

a) Biochemical genetics
b) Photosynthesis
c) Nitrogen fixation
d) Antibiotic production
Answer: a) Biochemical genetics
Explanation: Neurospora, an ascomycete fungus, is a model organism for studying
biochemical genetics.

13. Archaebacteria that thrive in highly acidic (pH 2) habitats are:

a) Methanogens
b) Thermoacidophiles
c) Halophiles
d) Cyanobacteria
Answer: b) Thermoacidophiles
Explanation: Thermoacidophiles are archaebacteria that survive in high-temperature, acidic
environments.

14. The two-kingdom classification included:

a) Monera and Protista
b) Plantae and Animalia
c) Fungi and Plantae
d) Protista and Animalia
Answer: b) Plantae and Animalia
Explanation: The two-kingdom system by Linnaeus classified organisms as either plants or
animals.

15. The capsule in bacteria is advantageous because it:

a) Protects from desiccation
b) Facilitates locomotion
c) Enhances photosynthesis
d) Increases cell division
Answer: a) Protects from desiccation
Explanation: The capsule protects bacteria from drying out and helps evade the host immune
system.

16. Which of the following organisms belongs to Kingdom Protista?

a) Rhizopus
b) Amoeba
c) Anabaena
d) Clostridium
Answer: b) Amoeba
Explanation: Amoeba is a unicellular, eukaryotic organism classified under Kingdom
Protista. Rhizopus (Fungi), Anabaena (Monera), and Clostridium (Monera) belong to
different kingdoms.

17. The cell wall of bacteria is primarily composed of:

a) Cellulose
b) Chitin
c) Peptidoglycan
d) Silica
Answer: c) Peptidoglycan
Explanation: Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan, a polymer of sugars and amino
acids, distinguishing them from other kingdoms.

18. Which of the following is a feature of cyanobacteria?

a) Heterotrophic nutrition only
b) Presence of a true nucleus
c) Ability to fix nitrogen in heterocysts
d) Lack of chlorophyll
Answer: c) Ability to fix nitrogen in heterocysts
Explanation: Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes with
chlorophyll and can fix nitrogen in specialized cells called heterocysts.

19. The mode of nutrition in fungi is primarily:

a) Autotrophic
b) Saprophytic or parasitic
c) Holozoic
d) Photosynthetic
Answer: b) Saprophytic or parasitic
Explanation: Fungi are heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients by absorbing organic matter
(saprophytic) or living on a host (parasitic).

20. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Kingdom Plantae?

a) Presence of chlorophyll
b) Cell wall made of cellulose
c) Heterotrophic nutrition
d) Eukaryotic cells
Answer: c) Heterotrophic nutrition
Explanation: Kingdom Plantae includes autotrophic organisms with chlorophyll.
Heterotrophic nutrition is typical of fungi or animals.

21. Methanogens belong to:

a) Eubacteria
b) Archaebacteria
c) Cyanobacteria
d) Actinomycetes
Answer: b) Archaebacteria
Explanation: Methanogens are archaebacteria that produce methane and thrive in anaerobic
environments like marshes.

22. The organism responsible for red tides in oceans belongs to:
a) Dinoflagellates
b) Diatoms
c) Euglenoids
d) Slime moulds
Answer: a) Dinoflagellates
Explanation: Dinoflagellates (e.g., Gonyaulax) cause red tides due to their rapid
multiplication, often producing toxins.

23. Which fungus is used in the production of alcohol?

a) Aspergillus
b) Saccharomyces
c) Penicillium
d) Rhizopus
Answer: b) Saccharomyces
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast, is used in fermentation to produce alcohol.

24. Viruses are considered non-living outside a host because they:

a) Lack a cell wall
b) Cannot reproduce independently
c) Are unicellular
d) Have DNA only
Answer: b) Cannot reproduce independently
Explanation: Viruses are acellular and require a host’s machinery to replicate, making them
non-living outside.

25. The body of a fungus is called:

a) Thallus
b) Mycelium
c) Hyphae
d) Pseudopodia
Answer: b) Mycelium
Explanation: The fungal body consists of a network of thread-like structures called
mycelium, made up of hyphae.

26. Which of the following is a symbiotic association?

a) Mycorrhiza
b) Rhizopus on bread
c) Ringworm
d) Rust on wheat
Answer: a) Mycorrhiza
Explanation: Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots, unlike
the parasitic relationships in ringworm or rust.

27. The reserve food material in fungi is:

a) Starch
b) Glycogen
c) Cellulose
d) Glucose
Answer: b) Glycogen
Explanation: Fungi store food as glycogen, similar to animals, unlike plants which store
starch.

28. Which of the following is a characteristic of euglenoids?

a) Presence of a rigid cell wall
b) Mixotrophic nutrition
c) Prokaryotic cells
d) Lack of flagella
Answer: b) Mixotrophic nutrition
Explanation: Euglenoids (e.g., Euglena) can perform photosynthesis (autotrophic) or absorb
nutrients (heterotrophic), exhibiting mixotrophic nutrition.
29. The primary producers in aquatic ecosystems are often:
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Diatoms
c) Dinoflagellates
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Cyanobacteria, diatoms, and dinoflagellates are photosynthetic and contribute
significantly to primary production in aquatic systems.

30. The sexual stage of fungi is called:

a) Gametangium
b) Perfect stage
c) Asexual stage
d) Sporangium
Answer: b) Perfect stage
Explanation: The sexual stage, involving meiosis and gamete formation, is termed the
perfect stage in fungi.

31. Which of the following is a feature of slime moulds?

a) Prokaryotic cells
b) Formation of plasmodium under favorable conditions
c) Chitinous cell wall
d) Autotrophic nutrition
Answer: b) Formation of plasmodium under favorable conditions
Explanation: Slime moulds (Protista) form a multinucleate plasmodium during their life
cycle and are heterotrophic.

32. The bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants are:
a) Clostridium
b) Rhizobium
c) Bacillus
d) Streptococcus
Answer: b) Rhizobium
Explanation: Rhizobium forms a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants, fixing
nitrogen in root nodules.

33. Which kingdom includes organisms with holozoic nutrition?

a) Fungi
b) Plantae
c) Animalia
d) Monera
Answer: c) Animalia
Explanation: Holozoic nutrition, involving ingestion of solid food, is characteristic of
Kingdom Animalia.

34. Viroids differ from viruses in that they:

a) Have a protein coat
b) Consist of only RNA
c) Are cellular organisms
d) Can replicate independently
Answer: b) Consist of only RNA
Explanation: Viroids are infectious RNA molecules without a protein coat, unlike viruses.

35. The fruiting body of a basidiomycete is called:

a) Ascocarp
b) Basidiocarp
c) Sporangium
d) Conidiophore
Answer: b) Basidiocarp
Explanation: Basidiomycetes (e.g., mushrooms) produce spores in a fruiting body called a
basidiocarp.

36. Which of the following is a photosynthetic bacterium?

a) Rhizobium
b) Anabaena
c) Mycobacterium
d) Salmonella
Answer: b) Anabaena
Explanation: Anabaena, a cyanobacterium, is photosynthetic and capable of nitrogen
fixation.

37. The kingdom that includes both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms is:
a) Monera
b) Protista
c) Fungi
d) Plantae
Answer: b) Protista
Explanation: Protista includes autotrophic (e.g., diatoms) and heterotrophic (e.g., Amoeba)
organisms.

38. Lichens are a symbiotic association between:

a) Bacteria and fungi
b) Algae and fungi
c) Algae and bacteria
d) Fungi and protozoans
Answer: b) Algae and fungi
Explanation: Lichens involve a mutualistic relationship between algae (photosynthetic) and
fungi (providing structure and protection).

39. The causative agent of mad cow disease is:

a) Virus
b) Viroid
c) Prion
d) Bacterium
Answer: c) Prion
Explanation: Prions, infectious proteins, cause diseases like mad cow disease (BSE).

40. Which of the following fungi is used in genetic studies?

a) Penicillium
b) Neurospora
c) Rhizopus
d) Alternaria
Answer: b) Neurospora
Explanation: Neurospora crassa, an ascomycete, is widely used in biochemical and genetic
research.

41. Halophiles are archaebacteria that thrive in:

a) High-temperature environments
b) High-salt environments
c) Acidic environments
d) Anaerobic environments
Answer: b) High-salt environments
Explanation: Halophiles are adapted to extreme saline conditions, such as salt lakes.

42. The reproductive structure in Phycomycetes is:

a) Ascus
b) Basidium
c) Sporangium
d) Conidium
Answer: c) Sporangium
Explanation: Phycomycetes produce spores in sporangia, a characteristic reproductive
structure.

43. Which organism is known as the ‘pond scum’?

a) Spirogyra
b) Chlamydomonas
c) Euglena
d) Paramecium
Answer: a) Spirogyra
Explanation: Spirogyra, a filamentous green alga (Protista), is often called pond scum due to
its appearance in freshwater bodies.

44. The process of genetic exchange in bacteria via a virus is called:

a) Transformation
b) Transduction
c) Conjugation
d) Binary fission
Answer: b) Transduction
Explanation: Transduction involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria via
bacteriophages (viruses).

45. Which of the following is a feature of Kingdom Animalia?

a) Presence of chlorophyll
b) Holozoic nutrition
c) Cell wall of cellulose
d) Prokaryotic cells
Answer: b) Holozoic nutrition
Explanation: Animals exhibit holozoic nutrition, ingesting and digesting solid food, and lack
cell walls or chlorophyll.
46. Which of the following is a characteristic of archaebacteria?
a) Presence of a true nucleus
b) Peptidoglycan in cell wall
c) Ability to survive extreme conditions
d) Photosynthetic nutrition only
Answer: c) Ability to survive extreme conditions
Explanation: Archaebacteria thrive in extreme environments (e.g., hot springs, salt lakes)
and have unique cell walls without peptidoglycan.

47. The organism causing amoebic dysentery belongs to:

a) Monera
b) Protista
c) Fungi
d) Animalia
Answer: b) Protista
Explanation: Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan causing amoebic dysentery, is classified
under Kingdom Protista.

48. Which fungus is known for producing penicillin?

a) Aspergillus
b) Penicillium
c) Rhizopus
d) Saccharomyces
Answer: b) Penicillium
Explanation: Penicillium notatum produces penicillin, a widely used antibiotic.

49. The genetic material in viruses can be:

a) Only DNA
b) Only RNA
c) Either DNA or RNA
d) Both DNA and RNA simultaneously
Answer: c) Either DNA or RNA
Explanation: Viruses can have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, but not both at
the same time.

50. The primary mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

a) Binary fission
b) Conjugation
c) Sporulation
d) Budding
Answer: a) Binary fission
Explanation: Binary fission is the most common asexual reproduction method in bacteria,
involving cell division into two identical cells.

51. Which of the following is a feature of dinoflagellates?

a) Cell wall of chitin
b) Two flagella with different orientations
c) Lack of photosynthetic pigments
d) Prokaryotic organization
Answer: b) Two flagella with different orientations
Explanation: Dinoflagellates (Protista) have two flagella, one longitudinal and one
transverse, aiding movement.

52. The fruiting body of an ascomycete is called:

a) Basidiocarp
b) Ascocarp
c) Sporangium
d) Conidiophore
Answer: b) Ascocarp
Explanation: Ascomycetes, or sac fungi, produce spores in an ascocarp, a specialized
fruiting body.

53. Which of the following is a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium?

a) Nostoc
b) Clostridium
c) Rhizobium
d) Salmonella
Answer: a) Nostoc
Explanation: Nostoc, a cyanobacterium, fixes nitrogen in heterocysts, unlike the other
options.

54. The cell wall of fungi is primarily composed of:

a) Cellulose
b) Peptidoglycan
c) Chitin
d) Silica
Answer: c) Chitin
Explanation: Fungi have a cell wall made of chitin, a polysaccharide distinct from cellulose
(plants) or peptidoglycan (bacteria).

55. Which organism is an example of a protozoan?

a) Spirogyra
b) Paramecium
c) Anabaena
d) Agaricus
Answer: b) Paramecium
Explanation: Paramecium is a unicellular, eukaryotic protozoan (Protista), while others
belong to different groups.

56. The association of fungi with plant roots is called:

a) Lichen
b) Mycorrhiza
c) Rhizoid
d) Endophyte
Answer: b) Mycorrhiza
Explanation: Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots, aiding
nutrient uptake.

57. Which of the following is a feature of Kingdom Monera?

a) Eukaryotic cells
b) Multicellular organization
c) Absence of a nuclear membrane
d) Presence of chloroplasts
Answer: c) Absence of a nuclear membrane
Explanation: Monera includes prokaryotes with no nuclear membrane, distinguishing them
from eukaryotes.

58. The causative agent of potato spindle tuber disease is:

a) Virus
b) Viroid
c) Prion
d) Bacterium
Answer: b) Viroid
Explanation: Potato spindle tuber disease is caused by a viroid, an infectious RNA molecule
without a protein coat.

59. Which fungus is commonly known as the ‘bread mould’?

a) Rhizopus
b) Aspergillus
c) Penicillium
d) Saccharomyces
Answer: a) Rhizopus
Explanation: Rhizopus stolonifer is the common bread mould, growing on bread and other
organic matter.

60. The process of bacterial genetic exchange through direct contact is:
a) Transformation
b) Transduction
c) Conjugation
d) Binary fission
Answer: c) Conjugation
Explanation: Conjugation involves direct transfer of genetic material via a conjugation tube
between bacteria.

61. Which of the following is a characteristic of slime moulds?

a) Photosynthetic nutrition
b) Formation of fruiting bodies under stress
c) Prokaryotic cells
d) Chitinous cell wall
Answer: b) Formation of fruiting bodies under stress
Explanation: Slime moulds (Protista) form fruiting bodies to produce spores under
unfavorable conditions.

62. The reserve food material in cyanobacteria is:

a) Glycogen
b) Starch
c) Cellulose
d) Lipid
Answer: b) Starch
Explanation: Cyanobacteria store food as starch, unlike fungi which store glycogen.
63. Which kingdom includes organisms with a cell wall but no chlorophyll?
a) Plantae
b) Fungi
c) Monera
d) Protista
Answer: b) Fungi
Explanation: Fungi have a chitinous cell wall but lack chlorophyll, relying on heterotrophic
nutrition.

64. The organism causing malaria belongs to:

a) Monera
b) Protista
c) Fungi
d) Animalia
Answer: b) Protista
Explanation: Plasmodium, the malaria parasite, is a protozoan classified under Kingdom
Protista.

65. Which of the following is a basidiomycete?

a) Penicillium
b) Agaricus
c) Rhizopus
d) Neurospora
Answer: b) Agaricus
Explanation: Agaricus (mushroom) is a basidiomycete, producing spores in basidia.

66. The cell wall of diatoms is referred to as:

a) Frustule
b) Thallus
c) Mycelium
d) Capsule
Answer: a) Frustule
Explanation: Diatoms have a silica-based cell wall called a frustule, with two overlapping
halves.

67. Which of the following bacteria are rod-shaped?

a) Cocci
b) Bacilli
c) Spirilla
d) Vibrio
Answer: b) Bacilli
Explanation: Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria, while cocci are spherical, spirilla are spiral,
and vibrio are comma-shaped.

68. The primary role of lichens in an ecosystem is:

a) Nitrogen fixation
b) Decomposition
c) Soil formation
d) Photosynthesis only
Answer: c) Soil formation
Explanation: Lichens, as pioneer species, break down rocks to initiate soil formation.

69. Which of the following is a feature of eubacteria?

a) Absence of peptidoglycan in cell wall
b) Presence in extreme environments
c) Diverse metabolic pathways
d) Eukaryotic organization
Answer: c) Diverse metabolic pathways
Explanation: Eubacteria exhibit varied metabolism (autotrophic, heterotrophic), unlike
archaebacteria, which lack peptidoglycan.

70. The reproductive structure in Deuteromycetes is:

a) Ascus
b) Basidium
c) Conidium
d) Sporangium
Answer: c) Conidium
Explanation: Deuteromycetes (imperfect fungi) reproduce asexually via conidia.

71. Which organism is used in the production of curd?

a) Streptococcus
b) Lactobacillus
c) Clostridium
d) Salmonella
Answer: b) Lactobacillus
Explanation: Lactobacillus species ferment milk to produce curd.

72. The genetic material of viroids is:

a) Single-stranded DNA
b) Double-stranded RNA
c) Single-stranded RNA
d) Double-stranded DNA
Answer: c) Single-stranded RNA
Explanation: Viroids consist of a single-stranded RNA molecule without a protein coat.

73. Which of the following is a feature of Kingdom Animalia?

a) Presence of cell wall
b) Autotrophic nutrition
c) Locomotion in most forms
d) Prokaryotic cells
Answer: c) Locomotion in most forms
Explanation: Most animals exhibit locomotion, unlike plants or fungi, and lack cell walls.

74. The organism responsible for sleeping sickness is:

a) Trypanosoma
b) Plasmodium
c) Entamoeba
d) Paramecium
Answer: a) Trypanosoma
Explanation: Trypanosoma, a protozoan (Protista), causes African sleeping sickness.

75. The body organization of fungi is typically:

a) Unicellular only
b) Multicellular with hyphae
c) Prokaryotic
d) Colonial only
Answer: b) Multicellular with hyphae
Explanation: Most fungi are multicellular, with a body composed of hyphae forming
mycelium, except for unicellular yeasts.

76. Which of the following is a photosynthetic protist?

a) Amoeba
b) Chlorella
c) Paramecium
d) Trypanosoma
Answer: b) Chlorella
Explanation: Chlorella, a unicellular alga, is photosynthetic and belongs to Protista.

77. The bacteria that cause cholera are:

a) Vibrio cholerae
b) Salmonella typhi
c) Clostridium tetani
d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Answer: a) Vibrio cholerae
Explanation: Vibrio cholerae, a comma-shaped bacterium, causes cholera.

78. The reproductive spores of fungi are produced in:

a) Chloroplasts
b) Sporangia
c) Mitochondria
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Sporangia
Explanation: Many fungi produce spores in sporangia for reproduction.

79. Which of the following is a feature of prions?

a) Contain RNA
b) Are infectious proteins
c) Have a cell wall
d) Replicate independently
Answer: b) Are infectious proteins
Explanation: Prions are proteinaceous infectious particles causing diseases like CJD,
without nucleic acids.

80. The kingdom that includes multicellular, autotrophic organisms is:

a) Fungi
b) Plantae
c) Animalia
d) Protista
Answer: b) Plantae
Explanation: Plantae includes multicellular, autotrophic organisms with chlorophyll and
cellulose cell walls.

81. The term ‘mycelium’ refers to:

a) A single fungal spore
b) The network of fungal hyphae
c) The fungal fruiting body
d) A type of bacterial colony
Answer: b) The network of fungal hyphae
Explanation: Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of hyphae.

82. Which of the following is a characteristic of cyanobacteria?

a) Presence of a true nucleus
b) Ability to form heterocysts
c) Chitinous cell wall
d) Heterotrophic nutrition only
Answer: b) Ability to form heterocysts
Explanation: Cyanobacteria form heterocysts for nitrogen fixation, a key feature.

83. The fungus used in the production of citric acid is:

a) Aspergillus niger
b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
c) Rhizopus stolonifer
d) Penicillium chrysogenum
Answer: a) Aspergillus niger
Explanation: Aspergillus niger is used industrially to produce citric acid.

84. Which of the following is a feature of viruses?

a) They have their own metabolic machinery
b) They are obligate intracellular parasites
c) They can grow on artificial media
d) They are prokaryotic
Answer: b) They are obligate intracellular parasites
Explanation: Viruses require a host cell to replicate, making them obligate parasites.

85. The bacteria that live in oxygen-free environments are:

a) Aerobic bacteria
b) Anaerobic bacteria
c) Facultative anaerobes
d) Microaerophiles
Answer: b) Anaerobic bacteria
Explanation: Anaerobic bacteria thrive in environments lacking oxygen.

86. The organism causing rust disease in wheat is a:

a) Bacterium
b) Virus
c) Fungus
d) Protozoan
Answer: c) Fungus
Explanation: Rust is caused by fungi like Puccinia, a basidiomycete.

87. The mode of nutrition in Paramecium is:

a) Autotrophic
b) Holozoic
c) Saprophytic
d) Parasitic
Answer: b) Holozoic
Explanation: Paramecium (Protista) ingests food particles, exhibiting holozoic nutrition.

88. Which of the following is a feature of lichens?

a) Parasitic relationship
b) Mutualistic relationship
c) Prokaryotic structure
d) Photosynthetic fungi only
Answer: b) Mutualistic relationship
Explanation: Lichens involve a mutualistic symbiosis between algae (photosynthetic) and
fungi.

89. The bacteria responsible for tetanus are:

a) Clostridium tetani
b) Vibrio cholerae
c) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
d) Salmonella typhi
Answer: a) Clostridium tetani
Explanation: Clostridium tetani, an anaerobic bacterium, causes tetanus.

90. The reproductive structure in basidiomycetes is:

a) Ascus
b) Basidium
c) Sporangium
d) Conidium
Answer: b) Basidium
Explanation: Basidiomycetes produce spores in basidia, a club-shaped structure.

91. Which of the following is a characteristic of euglenoids?

a) Rigid cell wall
b) Presence of pellicle
c) Prokaryotic cells
d) Lack of flagella
Answer: b) Presence of pellicle
Explanation: Euglenoids have a flexible proteinaceous pellicle instead of a cell wall.

92. The organism used in the production of beer is:

a) Aspergillus
b) Saccharomyces
c) Penicillium
d) Rhizopus
Answer: b) Saccharomyces
Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments sugars to produce beer.

93. The cell wall of archaebacteria lacks:

a) Lipids
b) Peptidoglycan
c) Proteins
d) Polysaccharides
Answer: b) Peptidoglycan
Explanation: Archaebacteria have pseudomurein or other molecules in their cell walls, not
peptidoglycan.

94. Which of the following is a feature of Kingdom Protista?

a) All members are prokaryotic
b) Includes both unicellular and multicellular forms
c) All members are autotrophic
d) Presence of chitinous cell wall
Answer: b) Includes both unicellular and multicellular forms
Explanation: Protista includes unicellular (e.g., Amoeba) and multicellular (e.g., kelps)
eukaryotes.

95. The disease scrapie in sheep is caused by:

a) Virus
b) Bacterium
c) Prion
d) Viroid
Answer: c) Prion
Explanation: Scrapie is caused by prions, infectious proteins affecting the nervous system.

96. The primary source of energy for cyanobacteria is:

a) Organic matter
b) Sunlight
c) Nitrogen compounds
d) Sulfur compounds
Answer: b) Sunlight
Explanation: Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic, using sunlight as their primary energy
source.

97. Which of the following fungi is edible?

a) Rhizopus
b) Agaricus
c) Alternaria
d) Fusarium
Answer: b) Agaricus
Explanation: Agaricus bisporus (mushroom) is an edible basidiomycete.

98. The process of bacterial genetic exchange by uptake of free DNA is:
a) Conjugation
b) Transduction
c) Transformation
d) Binary fission
Answer: c) Transformation
Explanation: Transformation involves bacteria taking up free DNA from the environment.

99. The organism causing kala-azar belongs to:

a) Monera
b) Protista
c) Fungi
d) Animalia
Answer: b) Protista
Explanation: Leishmania, a protozoan causing kala-azar, is classified under Protista.

100. The cell wall of algae in Kingdom Plantae is primarily made of:
a) Chitin
b) Peptidoglycan
c) Cellulose
d) Silica
Answer: c) Cellulose
Explanation: Algae in Plantae (e.g., Spirogyra) have cell walls ma