TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE NO.
TITLE
List of Figures vi
List of Abbreviations vii
Abstract viii
Chapter –1 Introduction 1
Chapter –2 Literature survey 4
Chapter – 3 Aim and Scope of the present Investigation 5
3.1 Aim 5
3.2 Scope of the present Investigation 5
Chapter –4 Materials and methods 6
4.1 Components used 6
4.1.1 Arduino UNO 6
4.1.2 ESP 12 node MCU module 7
4.1.3 16*2 LCD 8
4.1.4Optocoupler 9
4.1.5 Single channel relay driver 10
4.1.6 Analogue Energy meter 10
4.2 Software used 10
4.2.1 Arduino IDE 10
4.2.2 MQTT Mobile application 11
4.3 Methodology 11
4.3.1 Working principle 11
4.3.2 Block diagram with explanation 12
4.3.3Work flow 13
Chapter –5 Results 14
Chapter –6 Summary and Conclusions 17
References 18

v
Appendix 20

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES
SI. No Name Of Figure Page
Number

4.1 Arduino UNO 7

4.2 Esp12E nodemcu MODULE 8

4.3 LCD Output 9

4.4 Optocoupler 9

4.5 Single channel relay driver 10

4.6 Analog Energy Meter 10

4.7 Flow Diagram 11

4.8 Block diagram 12

4.9 Methodology Diagram 13

5.1 Initialization of Module 14

5.2 Initial balance and units consumed 14

5.3 Low Balance displayed in LCD 15

5.4 Low balance alert in mobile 15

5.5 Load is switched OFF Due to zero balance 15

5.6 Recharged amount is added to the previous 16

balance
5.7 Sending message to module to recharge 16

vii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATIONS FULL FORM

IOT Internet Of Things

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

EB Electricity Board

LDR Light Dependent Resistor

ROM Read Only Memory

EEPROM Electronically Erasable Programmable Read

Only Memory
CPU Central Processing Unit

GSM Global Service for Mobile Communication

IDE Integrated Development Environment

USB Universal Serial Bus

SRAM Static Random Access Memory

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

GPIO General Purpose Input Output

UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter

LED Light Emitting Diode

NPN Negative Positive Negative transistor

NC and NO Normally Closed and Normally Open

ULN2003 High Voltage and High Current Darlington

Transistor Array

viii
ABSTRACT
An important research issue in smart metering is to correctly transfer the smart meter
readings from consumers to the operator within the given time period by consuming
minimum energy. The smart meter is recharged with the help of Esp12E
nodemcumodule. The EB station receives the amount and it enables the smart meter
to provide the electricity to the house. The recharge can be done on the daily basis
and it sends the alert message whenever the consumer exceeds the recharged
days. This method helps to reduce the wastage of electricity. This paper presents a
smart energy meter for an automatic metering and billing system. In this meter,
energy utilized and the corresponding amount will be displayed on the LCD
continuously and communicated to the controlling base station. The feedback from
the user helps in identifying the usages between authorized and unauthorized users
which helps in controlling the power wastage. Esp module is used for sending
messages to the local authorities regarding user power consumptions. This meter
can work as either prepaid meter. The proposed system replaces traditional meter
reading methods and enables remote access of existing energy meter by the energy
provider. Also they can monitor the meter readings regularly without the person
visiting each house. The prototype will be able to introduce the billing system to the
customers, get the power consumption data from smart meter, keep the data in
centralized database and generate the report.

Keywords: Esp module, smart meter, IoT, energy

ix
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Electricity is one of the vital requirements for sustainment of contents of life. It should
be used very judiciously for its proper utilization. But in our country, we have lot of
locality where we have surplus supply for the electricity while many areas do not
even have access to it. Our policies of its distribution are also partially responsible
for this because we are still not able to correctly estimate our exact requirement and
still power theft is prevailing. On the other hand, consumers are also not satisfied
with the services of power companies. Most of the time they have complaints
regarding statistical errors in the monthly bills. With this we can monitor meter and
track if any fault is there or not. In previous meter a circular metal strip rotates and
according to that rotation we calculate the consumption. But our meter works on
pulse which is obtained with the help of LDR sensor according to consumption and
we previously connected Arduino board which monitor the pulse and according to
pulse the bill is generated. With the help of this project we are aiming to receive the
monthly energy consumption from a remote location directly to centralized office. In
this way we can reduce human efforts needed to record the meter readings which
are till now recorded by visiting every home individually. Smart energy meter is an
electronic device that measures the most accurate amount of electricity consumed
by a residence, business or any electrically-powered device. A smart meter is reliable
source for most accurate information of consumed energy that reduces the chance
of error in the existing billing system to minimal.

The work system adopts a totally new concept of "Prepaid Energy Meter". The WIFI
MODULE is used so that the consumer would receive messages about the
consumption of power (in watts) and if it reaches the minimum amount, it would
automatically alert the consumer to recharge. This technology holds good for all
electricity distribution companies, private communities, IT parks and self-containing
housing projects. The implementation of this project will help in better energy
management, conservation of energy and also in doing away with the unnecessary
hassles over incorrect billing. The automated billing system will keep track of the real
time consumption and will leave little scope for disagreement on consumption and
billing. It is observed that one of the faulty subsystems contributing to the huge

1
revenue loss in Nigerian Power Sector is the metering and billing system. Errors get
introduced at every stage of energy billing, like: errors with electro-mechanical
meters, human errors while noting down the meter reading; and error while
processing the paid bills and the due bills. The remedy for this drawback is a prepaid
energy billing. There are clear results from many countries, where prepaid
system has reduced the revenue loss by a large amount. A WIFImodule based
Energy Recharge Interface which contains a prepaid card equivalent to a mobile SIM
card. The prepaid setup communicates with the power utility using communication
network. Once the prepaid setup is out of balance, the consumer load is
disconnected from the utility supply by the latching Relay (contactor). The power
utility can recharge the prepaid setup remotely through messages base on customer
requests. The results obtained shows good system performance. A prior billing is
bound to do away with the problems of unpaid bills and human error in meter
readings, thereby ensuring justified revenue for the utility.

EXISTING PREPAID METERING TECHNOLOGIES:

SMART CARD based prepaid Energy Meters:

Smart card is a credit card sized plastic card embedded with an integrated circuit
(IC) and usually it consists of a ROM, EEPROM and a CPU.A smart card provides
both the memory capacity and the computational capability. Access to data stored on
the card is under the control of the smart card operating system. In this method
consumer have to have the smart card recharged for the amount he chooses and
enter the card into the card reader of the energy meter. Then the meter store the
number of units recharged and start to measures the energy consumption. When
purchased units are used up the meter disconnect the power supply until the next
recharge.

RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) based Prepaid Energy

Meters:

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying

on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or
transponders. The technology requires some extent of cooperation of an RFID
reader and an RFID tag. An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or

2
incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and
tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and
beyond the line of sight of the reader. In this method RFID cards which are issued by
the electricity suppliers to individual consumers are used. This RFID card is unique
with a code in it and consumers are free to make flexible recharge. When the
consumer wants to use the system, he needs to show the card to the reader, then
the unique code inside the card is recognized by the reader, and starts deducing the
amount of the RFID card as per the quantized unit charge. When the usage
completes the consumer has to recharge the RFID card again.

Our Project is based on IOT Based Prepaid Smart metering system:

• Analog Energy Meter, which is used to measure the flow of electric power from
input to the output terminal.

• LCD Display, which is used for displaying readings of the parameters that are being
measured.

•Esp12E nodemcumoduleis used for communication with the end user and it is
responsible for updating the data on the distribution side.

Problem Statement

As we mentioned above several advantages of digital energy meters, but always

there are chances of innovation or modification in different instruments for ease of
consumer and supplier. Following are some problems observed in those energy
meters which should be rectified:

• Meter reading and other related tasks like bill payment are performed by a large
number of staff i.e., large number of employees are required.

• An expensive number of staff is utilized for meter reading and other related
assignments like bill payment.

• Billing errors due to carelessness of meter readers during meter reading and
sometime billing estimation.

• Consumer has to stand in queue for hours for bill payment.

• Careless usage of electricity by consumer who is unaware of its cost.

3
 CHAPTER - 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

Ashna, et.al., (2013) has proposed the design of a simple low-cost wireless GSM
energy meter and its associated wave interface, for automating billing and managing
the collected data globally.
Vivek Kumar Sehgal et.al.,(2020) has introduced the concept of Post paid Energy
Meter which automatically sense the energy used in the home and when it reaches
value which is initially fed in the hardware it will disconnect the power line. A user
interface given in the hardware for user which will interact with the hardware, through
user interface user can set a value.
Prajakta et al., (2020) proposed the design and implementation of a GSM based
remote operation of an energy meter which gives the solution to power theft,
consumption control, auto billing and payment, data logging and Manpower
reduction in power distribution and management.
The major disadvantage of the present systems is these systems are post paid base
service, Electricity board gives the service before collecting the payment from the
customers and it is difficult for Electricity board to collect the payable amount from
the customers and at the same Electricity board cannot stop to providing the service.
So there is need of a system service after payment.

4
 CHAPTER 3

AIM AND SCOPE OF PRESENT INVESTIGATION

3.1 AIM:
The aim of the project is to minimize the queue at the energy meter billing counters
and to restrict the usage of energy meter automatically, if the bill is not paid. The
project also aims at proposing a system that will reduce the excess usage of power
in household and reduce the man power in measuring the electricity consumed.

3.2 SCOPE OF PRESENT INVESTIGATION:

• This is 21st century and there is no space for errors or faults either in any
technical system or in general applications. Prepaid energy meter is a
beneficial concept for the future.
• It’s facilitates the remission from electricity bills. Electricity vouchers will be
available at nearby shops. The word prepaid means “pay before use” one of
the beneficial feature of this concept prepaid energy meter is used to prepaid
the current supply of electricity to homes, offices etc.
• Now Future Aspects is one of the main aspect regarding any projects. Now
here “Prepaid Electricity Meter” provides you smooth as well as better capital
processing with the management of energy utilities. It simplifies the problems
approaching in billings & electricity by lowing the obstacles or difficulties faced
by user in the respective living areas. Also it reduces the big amount of time
along with manpower while taking or noting the readings.
• The consumer having “Prepaid Electricity Meter” can recharge to desirable
amount like Rs20, Rs30. It lowers the transportation cost as it is possible to
recharge the account of user all over the India.Also if needed we can set a
mini printer to “prepaid electricity meter” to get printed bills.
• This project can be executed properly in remote areas is well. Considering the
future magnifications or improvements the system will easily acceptable for 3
phase electricity distribution administration.

5
 CHAPTER 4

MATERIALS AND METHODS

4.1 COMPONENTS USED
1. Arduino UNO
2. Optocoupler 4N35
3. Single channel Relay driver
4. Esp12E nodemcu module
5. Analogue Energy Meter
6. Potentiometers
7. Load (Bulb)
8. Bulb holder
9. 12V Adapter
10. Resistors, Connecting wires

4.1.1 ARDUINO UNO:

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip

ATmega328P microcontroller. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM
output), 6 analog I/O pins, that may be interfaced to various circuits and is
programmable with the Arduino IDE, via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by
the USB cable or by an external 9- volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7
and 20 volts.

Features of Arduino Uno Board

The features of Arduino Uno ATmega328 includes the following.

• The operating voltage is 5V

• The recommended input voltage will range from 7v to 12V

• The input voltage ranges from 6v to 20V

• Digital input/output pins are 14

• Analog i/p pins are 6

• DC Current for each input/output pin is 40 mA

• DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA

6
• Flash Memory is 32 KB

• SRAM is 2 KB

• EEPROM is 1 KB

• CLK Speed is 16 MHz

Fig:4.1- Arduino UNO

4.1.2 Esp12E nodemcu MODULE

NodeMCU is an open source development board and firmware based in the
widely used ESP8266 -12E WiFi module. It allows you to program the ESP8266
WiFi module with the simple and powerful LUA programming language or
Arduino IDE.Ai-Thinker’s ESP-12E is a Wi-Fi Module based on ESP8266EX SoC.
The ESP8266EX SoC is a Wi-Fi chip based on Tensilica’s L106 Diamond 32-bit
Processor and an integrated Wi-Fi MAC, with support for full TCP/IP Stack.Since
it has a Microcontroller (in the form of Tensilica’s L106 Diamond), the ESP-12E
can be used as either a stand-alone device with its Wi-Fi connectivity and GPIO
Pins or it can be used as a Wi-Fi adapter for other microcontrollers like Arduino,
for example, through UART interface.

7
 Fig:4.2- Esp12E nodemcu MODULE

4.1.3 16X2 LCD

An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and has a
wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very
commonly used in various devices and circuits. A 16x2 LCD means it can display
16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is
displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. The 16 x 2 intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix
display is capable of displaying 224 different characters and symbols. This LCD
has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
Command register stores various commands given to the display. Data register
stores data to be displayed. The process of controlling the display involves
putting the data that form the image of what you want to display into the data
registers, then putting instructions in the instruction register. In your Arduino
project Liquid Crystal Library simplifies this for you so you don't need to know the
low-level instructions. Contrast of the display can be adjusted by adjusting the
potentiometer to be connected across VEE pin.

LCD PIN OUT

8
 Fig:4.3- LCD Output

4.1.4 OPTOCOUPLER
• The 4N35 is an optocoupler for general purpose application. It consists of
gallium arsenide infrared LED and a silicon NPN phototransistor.
• What an optocoupler does is to break the connection between signal source
and signal receiver, so as to stop electrical interference.
• An opto-isolator (also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator)
is an electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two
isolated circuits by using light.
• Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from affecting the system receiving the
signal.

Fig:4.4- Optocoupler

4.1.5 SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY DRIVER

The Single Channel Relay Module is a convenient board which can be used to
control high voltage, high current load such as motor, solenoid valves, lamps
and AC load. It is designed to interface with microcontroller such as Arduino, PIC
and etc..
9
 Fig:4.5Single channel relay driver

4.1.6 ANALOGUE ENERGY METER

• An analog power meter is a device that features a printed display to indicate
any electrical parameter.
• An example could be the energy consumed by a typical business, or electrical
device. Also called an electromechanical meter, these offer a simple to read
display.
• The energy meter is an electrical measuring device, which is used to record
Electrical Energy Consumed over a specified period of time in terms of units.

Fig:4.6- Analog Energy Meter

4.2 SOFTWARES USED

4.2.1 ARDUINO IDE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) -
contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with

10
buttons for common functions and a series of menus. The open-source Arduino
Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to the board. This software
can be used with any Arduino board.

4.2.2 MQTT Mobile Application

MQTT is a flexible and easy-to-use technology that provides effective
communication within an IoT system. So, no wonder there are many popular IoT
applications which use MQTT protocol. For example, IBM Watson IoT Platform uses
MQTT as the main communication protocol.

4.3 Methodology

Esp12E
nodemcu

Fig:4.7- Flow Diagram

4.3.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE

This model has the Arduino UNO as CPU. The entire system is interfaced with
Arduino UNO. The Esp12E nodemcumodule is serially connected with the controller
which is used as communication module between User and provider. The module
uses its own network for the transfer of data. Special coding in Arduino is used for
programming AT89S51 microcontroller. The relay is used as switching device to cut
off and restore power supply. The LCD is interfaced to microcontroller using parallel
11
connection. In this project the Microcontroller based system continuously measures
the readings and the current meter reading can be sent to the Electricity department
on request. This system also can be used to cut off the power supply to the house in
case of non-payment of electricity bills. This modem with SIM card is essential for
each energy meter.
4.3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig:4.8-Block diagram

Block Diagram Explanation:

The AC source is the mainline which is connected directly to the Analogue energy
meter. From the Energy meter the load line is connected to the load which is nothing
but any electrical appliance which we use. The energy pulse is generated which is
obtained with the help of LDR sensor is given to the Arduino UNO which is
connected to the relay and LCD which has 16*2 Display. The Arduino is also
connected to the ESP12E nodemcu module. This module is responsible for the
wireless transmission between the setup and mobile.

12
4.3.3 Work flow

Fig:4.9Methodology Diagram

Methodology Explanation
When the module is started with the initialization of the Wifi module (Esp12E
nodemcu) and the LCD takes place first. Then it will read the amount of balance
available in the module and check for the balance. A threshold value is set in the
module here for example we have taken a balance greater than 10. If balance is not
greater than 10 it will check another condition if balance is less than 5 or not. If the
balance is less than 5 then the power will shut automatically. If the balance is less
than 10 and greater than 5 the setup will send an alert message to the user via the
Esp12E nodemcu module. If balance is greater than 10 the relay will turn ON and
units of electricity consumed so far and the balance will be shown on the LCD
screen. If want the user can send a new message to the setup and add the amount
recharged to the balance, if not the process will continue.

13
CHAPTER –5

RESULTS

Fig : 5.1 Initialization of Module

Initialization of the setup –The LCD displays the Monitoring setup has
started.

Fig : 5.2 Initial balance and units consumed

Initially the Energy units consumed is zero is displayed on the LCD and
the initial balance is taken as 20. Here we have considered one unit is
equal to one blink on energy meter and one unit costs 2 which is
displayed.

14
Fig : 5.3 Low Balance displayed in LCD Fig : 5.4 Low balance alert in
mobile

When the Balance is below 5 it will send an alert message to the user
through a cloud based application called MQTT. This will let the user to
decide whether to recharge or not.

Fig : 5.5 Load is switched OFF Due to zero balance

If the user decides not to recharge the power will automatically shut
down here leaving the bulb OFF and showing the user the so far
consumed power.

15
 Fig : 5.6 Recharged amount is added

Fig : 5.7 Sending a message to the previous balance module to recharged

Since this is a prototype we have send a character ( * ) to the module

instead of exact money to the setup so that it will get recharged before
the power is getting cut down. we can recharge with publish option for
number of times.

16
 CHAPTER 6

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

• By using this project, we can reduce the manual effort to take the reading
from the energy meter which is cost effective.
• It is user friendly and we can enhance this project, in which an electricity
department can send message to the consumer about the billing information.
• It reduces man power.The recharge can be done on the daily basis and it
sends the alert message whenever the consumer exceeds the recharged
days which the consumer can easily pay their bills on time.
• The prototype will be able to introduce the billing system to the customers, get
the power consumption data from smart meter, keep the data in centralized
database and generate the report.

17
REFERENCES
[1] Bharathy D, DhivyaC, Monisha A, Rathipriya S, Sikkandhar Batcha J- Smart
Energy Meter Monitoring over IOT- International Journal for Modern
Trends in Science and Technology (IJMTST)- Vol.06, Issue 06 -June 2020
- page no.[520-523]

[2] Manisha Tejwani, Prachi Rane, Moin Syed, Oyesh Patel, Pragyan Pandey -
Iot Based Smart Energy Meter Monitoring and Billing System- International
Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)-
Vol.9 ,Issue 06 - April 2020 -page no.[1480-1483]

[3] NaziyaSulthana, Rashmi, Prakyathi N, Bhavana S - Smart Energy Meter and

Monitoring System using IoT-International Journal of Engineering
Research and Technology (IJERT)- Vol. 8, Issue 14, 2020- page no.[50-53]

[4] Nitesh D.Bhavsar, Mansi D.Mahajan, Omkar V.Joshi, D.Y. Thorat- IoT Based
Prepaid Energy Meter-International journal of research and
technology(IJRT)- Vol.4 ,Issue 3, 2019- page no.[16-18]

[5] Ranganayaki V, Nithish Kumar S , Subash, Mahaprabhu- IOT BASED

PREPAID ENERGY METER- International Journal of Creative Research
Thoughts (IJCRT)-Volume 9, Issue 7 July 2021-page no[219-224]

[6] Rishabh Jain ,Sharvi Gupta , Chirag Mahajan , Ashish Chauhan- IOT based
Smart Energy Meter Monitoring and Controlling System- International
Journal of Research in Electronics and Computer Engineering (IJRECE)
- Vol. 7 ,Issue 2 , 2019- page no.[1600-1604]

[7] SACHIN TYAGI, ABHINAV SINGH, HARSHITA SINGH, KANIKA RAWAT,

SANDEEP BHATIA - IOT Based Smart Energy Meter- International Journal
of Innovative Research in Technology. (IJIRT) - Vol. 8.Issue 3, August
2021- page no.[280-282]

[8] Sunil kumar.C, Chandra Mohan Reddy.P, Venkat Krishna.K, Dr.ShelejKhera-

IoT Based Smart Energy Meter Monitoring and Theft Detection- International
Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT)-Volume 9, Issue 4 April
2021-page no[3598-3603]

[9] USMAN SALEEM.M ,REHAN USMAN.M, and MUSTAFA SHAKIR - Design,

Implementation, and Deployment of an IoT Based Smart Energy Management
System- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)- Vol. 9
,Issue 4, 2021- page no.[59649-59664]
18
[10] Vishal
Kumar, Tanishq Sharma, Abu Farhan - IoT Based Smart Energy Meter
- IJERECE -Vol 8, Issue 9, September 2021 - page no.[48-52]

[11] https://github.com

[12] https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-for-relay-module-with-arduino/

[13] https://www.ieee.org

[14] https://www.instructables.com/id/GSM-SIM900A-With-Arduino/

[15] https://circuitdigest.com

[16] https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/environment

[17] https://iot-analytics.com/10-internet-of-things-applications/

19
APPENDIX
Code for Arduino
/*

Analog input, analog output, serial output

Reads an analog input pin, maps the result to a range from 0 to 255 and uses

the result to set the pulse width modulation (PWM) of an output pin.

Also prints the results to the Serial Monitor.

The circuit:

- potentiometer connected to analog pin 0.

Center pin of the potentiometer goes to the analog pin.

side pins of the potentiometer go to +5V and ground

- LED connected from digital pin 9 to ground

created 29 Dec. 2008

modified 9 Apr 2012

by Tom Igoe

This example code is in the public domain.

http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/AnalogInOutSerial

*/

// These constants won't change. They're used to give names to the pins used:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystallcd(13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8);

const int analogInPin = A0; // Analog input pin that the potentiometer is attached to

unsigned int used_power=0, remaining_balance = 20;

char input[5];

int i = 0, flag=0, balance_flag=0, send_flag=0;

int sensorValue = 0,sensorValue_previous = 0, timer = 0; // value read from the pot

20
void setup() {

// initialize serial communications at 9600 bps:

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(5, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(5, HIGH);

lcd.begin(16, 2);

delay(1000);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(" EB METER ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(" MONITORING ");

delay(5000);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("USED POWER:");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print("BALANCE :");

delay(5000);

TCCR1A = 0;// set entire TCCR1A register to 0

TCCR1B = 0;// same for TCCR1B

TCNT1 = 0;//initialize counter value to 0

// set compare match register for 1hz increments

OCR1A = 15624;// = (16*10^6) / (1*1024) - 1 (must be <65536)//100ms timer(15624 for 1 second)

// turn on CTC mode

TCCR1B |= (1 << WGM12);

// Set CS10 and CS12 bits for 1024 prescaler

21
 TCCR1B |= (1 << CS12) | (1 << CS10);

// enable timer compare interrupt

TIMSK1 |= (1 << OCIE1A);

sei();//allow interrupts

void loop() {

// read the analog in value:

sensorValue = analogRead(analogInPin);

// map it to the range of the analog out:

// print the results to the Serial Monitor:

// Serial.print("sensor = ");

// Serial.println(sensorValue);

timer++;

if(timer >= 2)

timer = 2;

flag = 1;

if(flag == 1)

if(sensorValue< (sensorValue_previous - 30))

used_power++;

remaining_balance = remaining_balance - 2;

// Serial.println("*");

sensorValue_previous = sensorValue;

// wait 2 milliseconds before the next loop for the analog-to-digital

// converter to settle after the last reading:

delay(100);

22
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect)

if(Serial.available() > 0 )

// Serial.println("success");

char a = Serial.read();

if(a == '*')

balance_flag = 1;

send_flag = 0;

if(balance_flag == 1)

// Serial.println("success");

remaining_balance = remaining_balance + 20;

balance_flag = 0;

if((remaining_balance<= 5) && (send_flag == 0))

send_flag = 1;

if(send_flag == 1)

Serial.println('1');

// Serial.println('#');

if(remaining_balance<= 1)

digitalWrite(5, LOW);

else if(remaining_balance> 1)

digitalWrite(5, HIGH);

23
lcd.setCursor(12, 0);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(12, 0);

lcd.print(used_power);

lcd.setCursor(12, 1);

lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(12, 1);

lcd.print(remaining_balance);

Code for ESP Module

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> // Enables the ESP8266 to connect to the local network (via WiFi)

#include <PubSubClient.h> // Allows us to connect to, and publish to the MQTT broker

const int ledPin = 2; // This code uses the built-in led for visual feedback that the button has been pressed

//const int buttonPin = 13; // Connect your button to pin #13

// WiFi

// Make sure to update this for your own WiFi network!

const char* ssid = "sathya";

const char* wifi_password = "sathya@123";

// MQTT

// Make sure to update this for your own MQTT Broker!

const char* mqtt_server = "broker.hivemq.com";

const char* mqtt_topic = "sathya/recharge";

const char* mqtt_topic1 = "sathya/balance";

//const char* mqtt_topic3 = "stjoseph/alert";

//const char* mqtt_topic4 = "stjoseph/Date";

//const char* mqtt_topic5 = "stjoseph/live_usage";

// The client id identifies the ESP8266 device. Think of it a bit like a hostname (Or just a name, like Greg).

const char* clientID = "sathya";

// Initialise the Pushbutton Bouncer object

//Bounce bouncer = Bounce();

String no_of_sensor, data, sensor, sensor1, sensor2, sensor3, sensor4, sensor5, sensor6;

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char char_data[50], string[50], lpm1[10], con1[10], alert[10], Date[10], live_usage[10];

char automation;

char time_value[50];

String time_data;

int i = 0, flag = 0, data_sent = 0, data_received = 0;

unsigned int get_data = 0,x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, x1 = 0, y2 = 0, z1 = 0, a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 0, e = 0, f = 0;

// Initialise the WiFi and MQTT Client objects

WiFiClientwifiClient;

PubSubClientclient(mqtt_server, 1883, wifiClient); // 1883 is the listener port for the Broker

void ReceivedMessage(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {

// Output the first character of the message to serial (debug)

Serial.print((char)payload[0]);

// flag = 0;

bool Connect() {

// Connect to MQTT Server and subscribe to the topic

if (client.connect(clientID)) {

client.subscribe(mqtt_topic);

return true;

else {

return false;

void setup() {

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

// pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);

// Switch the on-board LED off to start with

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

delay(1000);

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

delay(1000);

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digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

// Setup pushbutton Bouncer object

// bouncer.attach(buttonPin);

// bouncer.interval(5);

// Begin Serial on 115200

// Remember to choose the correct Baudrate on the Serial monitor!

// This is just for debugging purposes

Serial.begin(9600);

Serial.print("Connecting to ");

Serial.println(ssid);

// Connect to the WiFi

WiFi.begin(ssid, wifi_password);

// Wait until the connection has been confirmed before continuing

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

delay(500);

Serial.print(".");

// Debugging - Output the IP Address of the ESP8266

Serial.println("WiFi connected");

Serial.print("IP address: ");

Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

// Connect to MQTT Broker

// client.connect returns a boolean value to let us know if the connection was successful.

// If the connection is failing, make sure you are using the correct MQTT Username and Password (Setup Earlier
in the Instructable)

client.setCallback(ReceivedMessage);

if (client.connect(clientID)) {

Serial.println("Connected to MQTT Broker!");

else {

Serial.println("Connection to MQTT Broker failed...");

if (Connect()) {

Serial.println("Connected Successfully to MQTT Broker!");

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 else {

Serial.println("Connection Failed!");

String getValue(String data, char separator, int index)

int found = 0;

int strIndex[] = {0, -1};

int maxIndex = data.length() - 1;

for (int i = 0; i<= maxIndex&& found <= index; i++) {

if (data.charAt(i) == separator || i == maxIndex) {

found++;

strIndex[0] = strIndex[1] + 1;

strIndex[1] = (i == maxIndex) ? i + 1 : i;

return found >index ?data.substring(strIndex[0], strIndex[1]) : "";

void loop()

if (!client.connected()) {

Connect();

// client.loop() just tells the MQTT client code to do what it needs to do itself (i.e. check for messages, etc.)

client.loop();

if (Serial.available() > 0)

char a = Serial.read();

if(a == '1')

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// flag = 1;

client.connect(clientID);

delay(100); // This delay ensures that client.publish doesn't clash with the client.connect call

client.publish("balan", "Balance is Low");

// Serial.println("published data");

// flag = 2;

delay(100);

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