-:MOTION:-

Q1.What is motion?

Answer: An object is said to be in motion if it is changing its position with

respect to the surroundings in a certain time interval.

Example: A bus is moving on the road, Wind is blowing; a girl is walking on

the street.

Q2.‘All motions are relative’- justify this statement.

Answer: All motions are observer dependent that is relative. For example:- if
we are in a moving train with respect to the co-passengers in the train we are at
rest, but with respect to a person observing us from the platform we are in
motion. So, the motion of a person is dependent on the observer, that is every
motion is relative.

Q3. Define: Distance, displacement, speed, velocity, average speed, average

velocity.

Distance: It is the total path length covered by an object during a motion

irrespective of its direction.

Example: Let us consider the distance between our school and home is 5km. On
a to and fro motion the path length covered will be 10km.

Note:

The SI unit of distance is m. It is a scalar quantity.

Displacement:- It is the shortest path length covered by an object during a
motion in a certain direction.

OR

Displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and the final position
of an object in a certain direction.

Example: An object goes from A to B then to C, as given in the diagram. The

distance covered by the object is 7km. And the displacement of the object is
5km (According to Pythagoras theorem) in south- east direction.

A 4km B W E

3km S

Note: C

𝑨𝑪𝟐 = 𝑨𝑩𝟐 + 𝑩𝑪𝟐 =√(𝟒𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 )=√𝟐𝟓 = 𝟓

SI unit of displacement is m. It is a vector quantity.

Speed:- It is defined as distance covered per unit time.

Example:- the speed of a bus is 25km/hr. It implies that the bus covers 25km
(distance) per 1hr (time).

Note:

The SI unit of speed is m/s. It is a scalar quantity.

Velocity:- It is defined as displacement per unit time.

Example:- A car is moving due north at 25km/hr. Here, 25km (displacement)

time(1hr) and the direction is due north. If the same car is moving is moving
with 25km/hr due east then the velocity is different. It is because the
direction is different. In the first situation it was due north then it is due east.

SI unit is ms-1 and it is a vector quantity.

Uniform motion: If an object is covering equal distance in equal interval of

time, the motion is uniform. Ex: An object moving with a constant speed.
Non-uniform motion:- If an object is covering unequal distance in equal
interval of time, then the motion is non-uniform. Ex: an object is falling towards
earth under the force of gravity.

Average speed:- It is defined as the total distance covered by the object per unit
time.

OR

Total distance covered by an object divided by total time taken.

Note:-

SI unit is m/s. It is a scalar quantity.

Example:- A train has covered 100km in 2 hours. The average speed of the
train is 100km/2hr=50km/hr. (distance/ time)

Average velocity:- It is defined as the total displacement divided by total time

taken.

SI unit is m/s. It is a vector quantity.

Example:- If we go to school and return to home then at the end of the day our
total displacement is zero. So the average velocity is zero. But the average
speed is non zero.

If an object is moving in a circular path then after one complete rotation,

displacement of the object is ‘0 unit’, so the average velocity is zero unit. But at
this instant (when the object completes one rotation) the velocity of the object
may be non zero unit.
Rate of change in velocity:

Acceleration or retardation:-

The change in velocity of an object per unit time is called acceleration. If the
rate of change in velocity is positive then acceleration is positive and if the rate
of change is negative then the acceleration is negative or retardation.

It is a vector quantity. SI unit is ms-2

Let the initial velocity of the object is ‘u’ and final velocity of the object after a
time interval ‘t’ is ‘v’

So, the change in velocity is = (v-u)

(𝒗−𝒖)
Rate of change in velocity (a) =
𝒕

∴v – u = at

or, v=u + at- 1st equation of motion.

If v>u then positive acceleration

If v<u then negative acceleration- retardation

Why the unit is ms-2??

(𝒗−𝒖)
(a)=
𝒕

Let, u=1ms-1, v=2ms-1 and t=1s

(𝟐−𝟏)𝒎𝒔−𝟏 𝒎
(a)= =1ms-2 [ ]
𝟏𝒔 𝒔.𝒔

CGS unit is cms-2

Relation between km/hr and m/s

𝟏𝒌𝒎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎 𝟓
= = ms-1
𝟏𝒉𝒓 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔 𝟏𝟖
Example:-
Q1. An object is moving in a circular path of radius 7m. Calculate
its distance and displacement after 1.5 rotations.
Answer:-

A B

Distance covered after 1 rotation=𝟐𝝅𝒓(𝒓 = 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔)

So, distance covered after 1.5 rotations is =𝟑𝝅𝒓=66m= (3x22/7 x 7)

Displacement (AB) is 14m (diameter) due east.

Q2. If the time taken for the entire motion is 10s (According to Q1), what is
average speed and average velocity of the object?

Answer:-
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
Average speed = =66/10=6.6ms-1
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏

𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
Average velocity= =14/10=1.4ms-1 due east
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏

Average speed of an object at its minimum is equal to average velocity

(when the object is moving in straight line)
Q3. A person is moving along the periphery of this field starting from one
of the vertices. Calculate distance covered and displacement after 2.5
rotations.

B 4m C

3m 3m

A D

Answer:- A 4m

Distance covered in 1 rotation is 14m. ∴ Distance covered in 2.5 rotations is

35m

The displacement is 5m (According to Pythagoras theorem) in north –east

direction. Considering ‘A’ as the starting point

𝑨𝑪𝟐 = 𝑨𝑩𝟐 + 𝑩𝑪𝟐 =√(𝟑𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐 )=√𝟐𝟓 = 𝟓

Q4. If a person starts from ‘A’ goes to ‘C’ and then returns to ‘B’ in 15s,
calculate the average speed and velocity of the person during this motion.

A 100m B 50m C

Answer:-

Distance is 200m (A to C then C to B) and displacement is 100m (A to B)

Calculate average speed and velocity.

Note:-

In a car the distance is measure by an instrument called ‘Odometer’ and speed

is measured by ‘Speedometer’.
Q5. RGB going from home to school in bike at speed
20km/hr and returns at 30km/hr. Calculate RGB’s
average speed(in km/hr) for the entire journey.
Answer:-

2x

H S

Let the distance between the home and school is ‘x’ km. Total
distance covered by RGB is 2x.
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝒙
Time to go from home to school= = 𝟐𝟎
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝒙
Time to go from school to home= = 𝟑𝟎
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑

𝒙 𝒙 𝟑𝒙+𝟐𝒙 𝟓𝒙 𝒙
Total time taken (t) = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎= = =
𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟐
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
Average speed= = 𝒙 𝒙 = 𝒙 = 24
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 +
𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟐

SO, the average speed is 24km/hr.

Q6. An object with initial speed 54km/hr obtains
a speed of 90km/hr after 10s. Calculate
acceleration of the object.
Answer:-
Initial speed (u) =54km/hr
Final speed (v) =90km/hr
Change in speed (v-u) = (90-54) km/hr=36km/hr
𝟓
=36 x
𝟏𝟖

=10ms-1
(𝑣−𝑢) 𝟏𝟎
Acceleration (a) = = =1
𝑡 𝟏𝟎

Acceleration of the object is 1ms-2

Q7. An object with initial speed 90km/hr obtains
a speed of 54km/hr after 20s. Calculate
acceleration of the object.
Answer:-
Initial speed (u) =90km/hr
Final speed (v) =54km/hr
Change in speed (v-u) = (54-90) km/hr=-36km/hr
 5
=-36 x
18

=-10ms-1
(𝑣−𝑢) −10
Acceleration (a) = = = −0.5
𝑡 20

Acceleration of the object is -0.5ms-2

Q8.A train moves with a speed of 30km/hr for the first 15
minutes, with another speed of 40km/hr for next 15minutes
then with a speed of 60km/hr last 30 minutes. What is the
average speed of the train? [47.5km/hr]
Answer:-
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Average speed=
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

30km/hr for the first 15 minutes= (30 x ¼) =7.5km

40km/hr for the first 15 minutes= (40 x ¼) =10km
60km/hr for the first 30 minutes= (60 x ½) =30km
Total distance= (7.5+10+30) km=47.5km
Total time= (1/4 + ¼ +1/2) hr=1 hr.
47.5
Average speed= =47.5
1

So, the average speed is 47.5km/hr

Q9. A body travels the first half of the total distance with
velocity ‘v1’and the second half with velocity’v2’. Prove that
𝟐𝒗𝟏 𝒗𝟐
the average velocity of the body is 𝒗 +𝒗
𝟏 𝟐
Answer:-
Let the total distance be ‘2x’
The time for the 1st half is 𝒗𝒙𝟏[∵ 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 = 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅
]

The time for the 2nd half is 𝒗𝒙𝟐

𝒙 𝒙 𝒗𝟏 +𝒗𝟐
Total time= + =x( )
𝒗𝟏 𝒗𝟐 𝒗𝟏 𝒗𝟐

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒗𝟏 𝒗𝟐

Average Velocity= = 𝒗𝟏 +𝒗𝟐 =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝒙( ) 𝒗𝟏 +𝒗𝟐
𝒗𝟏 𝒗𝟐

Q10.A car covers 1/4th of the total distance with the

velocity of 20 m/s next 1/4th part with the velocity of
40 m/s , then next 1/4th part with the velocity of 20m/s
last 1/4th part with the velocity of 40 m/s Find the
average speed of the car.
Answer:-
Let the total distance be 4x
Time for the 1st 1/4th of 4x is x/20 and for 3rd 1/4th 4x
Time for the 2nd 1/4th is x/40 and for 4th 1/4th
Total time=(2x/40+2x/20) =3x/20

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Average speed=
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
4𝑥
Average speed= 𝑥 20=80/3=26.67m/s
3𝑥
Q11.A car travels along a straight line for the first
half time with speed 50 km/hr and the second half
time with speed 60 km/h. find the average speed of
the car.
Answer:-
Let the time be 2t
For the 1st half distance covered is 50t
For the 2nd half distance covered is 60t
Total distance=110t
110𝑡
Average speed= =55km/hr
2𝑡

Q12.A car travels along a straight line for the first

half time with speed v1 and the second half time
with speed v2. Prove that average speed of the car
𝑣1 +𝑣2
is
2

Answer:-
Let the time be 2t
For the 1st half distance covered is v1t[𝒅 = 𝒗. 𝒕]
For the 2nd half distance covered is v2t
Total distance= v1t+ v2t
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Average speed=
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
𝑣1 𝑡+𝑣2 𝑡 𝑣1 +𝑣2
Average speed= =
2𝑡 2
 Representation of motion on a graph

Y=2x

x 0 1 2 3 4 5

y 0 2 4 6 8 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 X

V (speed) =2t (time)

t 0 1 2 3 4 5

v/s 0 2 4 6 8 10

v/s

t
 t 0 1 2 3 4 5

v 2 2 2 2 2 2

V (speed) =2 unit V

V=2

1 2 3 4 t

speed-time graph of an object with uniform motion here acceleration is zero.

Speed-time graph of an object with uniform acceleration

𝐵𝐶 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
Slope of a graph:- here the slope of the graph is = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝐴𝐵 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

C 𝜃(𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)

A B

x
Slope of graph gives the change of one dependent co-ordinate w.r.t an
independent co-ordinate

v2 D ED= (v2-v1)

v1 C E CE=( t1-t2)

Slope=ED/CE= (v2-v1)/ (t2-t1)

A B F t

t1 t2

𝑣2 −𝑣1
Slope of the graph = = Acceleration
𝑡2 −𝑡1

So, slope of the speed time graph gives us the

information of acceleration.
1
Area of the triangle ABC= 𝑥 𝐴𝐵 𝑥 𝐵𝐶
2
1
= 𝑥 𝑡1 𝑥 𝑣1
2

=distance
So, the area under the speed-time graph gives
the information of distance. Similarly area
under the velocity-time graph gives the
information of displacement.
V

0 t1 t2 t3 t

From time 0 to t1- the acceleration of the

object is positive.
From time t1 to t2- the object is moving with
uniform velocity that is the acceleration is zero.
From time t2 to t3- the object is retarding that
is acceleration of the object is negative.
 S (distance)
1

0 t1 t2 t (time)
Between times 0 to t1 the object is moving
with uniform speed (zero acceleration) and
between t1 to t2 the object is at rest.
S (distance)
S2
S1
t1 t2 t (time)

Slope of the distance-time graph is

𝑠2 −𝑠1 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
= =speed.
𝑡2 −𝑡1 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

So, slope of the distance-time graph will give

us the information of speed and slope the
displacement-time graph will give us the
information of velocity.
 Distance-time graph for non uniform
(Accelerating object) motion:-
S

+ve acceleration
t
S

-ve acceleration

t
S= distance; t=time

Equations of motion:-
(𝑖 )𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
1 2
(𝑖𝑖 )𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
(𝑖𝑖𝑖 )𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
Q13. An object starting from rest obtains a speed of
90km/hr after 20s. Calculate the distance covered by the
object during this time.
Answer:-
Initial speed (u) =0m/s
5
Final speed (v) =90km/hr= (90x )=25m/s
18
Time (t) =20s
Now, using 1st equation of motion
v=u + at
(𝑣−𝑢) (25−0)
a= = =5/4
𝑡 20
Using 2nd equation of motion
s=ut+1/2at2
5
s=0+1/2 x 𝑥202
4
s=250m
Q14.An object is moving with velocity 90km/hr obtains
a velocity 54km/hr after covering 20m. Calculate
acceleration of the object.
Answer:-
5
Initial speed (u) =90m/s= (90x )=25m/s
18
5
Final speed (v) =54km/hr= (54x )=15m/s
18
Distance covered(s) =20m
Using 3rd equation of motion
𝑣 2 −𝑢2
a=
2𝑠
(𝑣−𝑢)(𝑣+𝑢)
a=
2𝑠
(15−25)(15+25)
a=
2𝑥20
 (−10)𝑥 (40)
a=
40
a=-10
The acceleration of the object is -10ms-2
Q15. An object is dropped from a height of 20m of
the ground, if the rate at which the velocity of the
object changing is 10m/s2,then calculate the time
after which it would strike the ground and the
velocity with which it would strike?
Answer:-
Initial velocity (u) =0
Acceleration (a) =10
Height(s) =20m
1 2
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
20=0 +1/2 x 10 x t2
t2=4
t=±2
Time taken to reach the ground is 2s.
V=u+ at
V=0+ 10 x 2=20
The velocity of the object, when it will touch the
ground is 20m/s.
Q16. An object starting from rest obtains a speed of 90 km/hr after
20s accelerating uniformly, then continues to move with the same
speed for another 10s and comes to rest after 10s. Calculate
(i) Acceleration of the object between 0s to 10s
(ii) Acceleration of the object between10s to 20s
(iii) Distance covered by the object between 20 s to 30s
(iv) Acceleration of the object between 20s to 30s
(v) Draw the speed-time graph of the object.

Answer:
U=0m/s and v=90km/hr=(90x5/18)=25m/s
(𝑉−𝑈) (25−0) 5
(i) a= = a= = = 1.25𝑚𝑠 −2
𝑡 20 4
(ii) same acceleration=1.25m/s2
(iii) Distance covered(s)=vt=(25x 10)=250m
(iv) Acceleration is 0m/s2
(v) Speed(m/s)

0 20 30 40 Time(s)
25
Q17. An object is falling freely (only under the
force of force of gravity). Draw:-
(i) The velocity time-graph of the object
(ii) The acceleration-time graph of the object
(iii) The distance-time graph of the object
(iv) If the body after striking the surface it
reaches the same height again then draw
its speed-time graph
Answer:- V
(i)

t
(ii) a

t
(iii) s s=1/2at2

T
(iv) speed

time
+ve acceleration
-ve acceleration
(v) velocity

time
Q18. An object is thrown vertically up (only under
the force of force of gravity). Draw:-
(i) The velocity time-graph of the object
(ii) The acceleration-time graph of the object
(iii) The distance-time graph of the object
Answer:-
(i) V

T
(ii) a

t
-g

(iii) s

t
Q19. Look into the graph given below
30 V(m/s)

20
10
0 10 15 18 20 22 t(s)

(i) Acceleration of the object between 0s to 15s

(ii) Distance covered by the object between 0s to
15s and 15s to 18s
(iii) Acceleration of the object between 15 to 18s
and 18s to 20s and also 20s to 22s
(iv) Where the object show uniform motion
(v) When the object comes to rest?
(vi) What is the total distance covered by the
object?
(vii) What is the maximum velocity of the object?
(viii) What is the initial velocity of the object?
(ix) What is the minimum acceleration of the
object during the entire motion?
(x) What is distance covered between 20s to
22s
Answer:-
(i) Acceleration of the object is =(30-20)/15
=10/15=2/3
So, acceleration is 0.67ms-2
(ii) Distance covered by the object between 0s
1
to 15s is (20 + 30)𝑥15 = (25 𝑥 15)
2
=375m
Distance covered by the object between
1
15s to 18 s is (10 + 30)𝑥 3 = (20 𝑥 3)
2
=60m
(iii) Acceleration of the object between 15s to
18s is (10-30)/3=-20/3ms-2
Acceleration of the object between 18s to
20s is (10-10)/2=0ms-2
Acceleration of the object between 20s to
22s is (0-10)/2=-5ms-2
(iv) The object shows uniform motion between
18s to20s.
(v) The object comes to rest at 22s.
(vi) Distance covered between 0s to 15s is
375m and 15s to 18s is 60m, so the total
distance from 0s t0 18s is
(375+60)m=435m. Distance covered
 between 18s to 20s is (10 x 2)m=20m and
distance covered between 20s to 22s is
10m
∴ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠
= (435 + 20 + 10) = 465𝑚
(vii) The maximum velocity of the object is
30m/s
(viii) Initial velocity of the object is 20m/s
(ix) Acceleration between 15s to 18s that is -
20/3ms-2
(x) Distance covered between 20s to 22s is
(½ x 2 x 10) m=10m
Q20. An object is thrown vertically up with a
speed 30m/s. Calculate:-
(i) Maximum height attained by the object.
(ii) Time after which it returns to the ground.
(iii) The speed of the object at a height 30m
from the ground
(iv) The speed at which it strikes the ground.
[Consider ‘g’=10m/s2]
Answer:-
(i)
Initial velocity (u) =30m/s
Final velocity (v) =0m/s[ highest point]
Note:- When the object is thrown up acceleration
due to gravity(g) is negative and when dropped
acceleration due to gravity(g) is positive.
Acceleration (a) =-10
Using 3rd equation of motion
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
According to the question
02 = 302 − 2 𝑥 10𝑠 ∴ 𝑠 = 45𝑚
Note:-
(ii)
Time to move up= time to come down.
Using the 1st equation of motion
V=u + at
0=30-10.t
t=3
Time to move up is 3s. Therefore time to come
down is also 3s. Therefore total time of flight is 6s.
(iii)
Speed of the object at 30m from the ground is
Using 3rd equation of motion
𝑣 2 = 302 − 2 𝑥 10𝑥 30
𝑣 2 = 300
𝑣 = √300
V=10√3m/s
 (iv) Initial speed (u)=0( velocity at highest
point)
Acceleration (a) =+10
Distance(s) =45m
Using 3rd equation of motion
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
𝑣 2 = 02 + 2 𝑥 10 𝑥 45
𝑣 2 = 900
𝑣 = √900 = 30 m/s
NCERT questions:-
1. An object has moved through a distance. Can it have zero
displacement? If yes, support your answer with an example.
Answer: Yes it possible.
Example: if an object is moving in a circular path then after one
rotation displacement of the object is zero. But distance is the
circumferential length of the circle.

2. A farmer moves along the boundary of a square field of side

10 m in 40 s. What will be the magnitude of displacement of the
farmer at the end of 2 minutes 20 seconds from his initial position?
Answer:-
Time taken by the farmer is =140s
The farmer takes 40s to complete one rotation.
The farmer completes 3.5 rotations.
B

10m 10m

A 10m
Distance covered is (3.5 x 40)m=140m
Displacement AB=𝟏𝟎√𝟐𝒎

3. Which of the following is true for displacement?

(a) It cannot be zero.- false
(b) Its magnitude is greater than the distance travelled by the object.
- false
1. Distinguish between speed and velocity.
Speed velocity
Distance covered per unit Displacement covered per
time unit time
It is a scalar quantity It is a vector quantity
Speed of an object cannot be Velocity can be negative
negative

2. Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of average

velocity of an object equal to its average speed?
Answer:- if the object is moving in a straight line.

3. What does the odometer of an automobile measure?

Answer:- Total distance covered by an automobile.

4. What does the path of an object look like when it is in

uniform motion?
Answer:- The path of the object is a straight line.

5. During an experiment, a signal from a spaceship reached

the ground station in five minutes. What was the distance of
the spaceship from the ground station? The signal travels at
the speed of light, that is, 3 × 108 m/s
Answer: Distance(s) = v x t= (3 × 108 x 300)m=(9 x 1010)m
 1. When will you say a body is in (i) uniform
acceleration? (ii) non-uniform acceleration?
Answer:-
Uniform acceleration:- If the change of velocity is
constant w.r.t time for an object , then the acceleration
is constant or uniform.
Note:-
If the velocity is constant then acceleration is zero.
Non-uniform acceleration:- If the change of velocity is
variable w.r.t time for an object , then the acceleration
is not constant or uniform.
2. A bus decreases its speed from 80 km/h to 60 km/h
in 5 s. Find the acceleration of the bus.

Answer: Hint Use 1st equation of motion

3. A train starting from a railway station and moving

with uniform acceleration attains a speed 40 km/h
in 10 minutes. Find its acceleration.

Answer: Hint Use 1st equation of motion

1. What is the nature of the distance-time graphs for uniform

and non-uniform motion of an object?
distance distance

Time t
Uniform motion non-uniform motion
2. What can you say about the motion of an object whose
distance-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time
axis?

We can consider the object is at rest.

3. What can you say about the motion of an object if its

speed-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time
axis?
The object is moving uniform speed. Acceleration of the
object is zero.

4. What is the quantity which is measured by the area

occupied below the velocity-time graph?
Displacement
Page-109
1. A bus starting from rest moves with a uniform
acceleration of 0.1 m s-2 for 2 minutes. Find (a) the
speed acquired, (b) the distance travelled.
Answer:-hint
1st part use 1st equation of motion
2nd part use 2nd equation of motion
S=ut+1/2at2=1/2 x 1/10 x (120)2=720m
Page-110
2. A train is travelling at a speed of 90 km/h. Brakes are
applied so as to produce a uniform acceleration of –
0.5 ms-2 Find how far the train will go before it is
brought to rest.
Answer:-
Initial speed (u)=90km/hr=25m/s
 Final speed (v) =0
Acceleration (a) =-0.5
Using 3rd equation of motion
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
02 = 252 − 2 𝑥 0.5 𝑥 𝑠
s=625m
3. A trolley, while going down an inclined plane, has an
acceleration of 2 cms-2. What will be its velocity 3 s
after the start?
Answer:-
Use 1st equation of motion [ans. 6cm/s]
4.A racing car has a uniform acceleration of 4 ms-2
.What distance will it cover in 10 s after start?
Answer:-
Use 2nd equation of motion [ans. 200m]
5. A stone is thrown in a vertically upward direction
with a velocity of 5 ms-1. If the acceleration of the
stone during its motion is 10 ms-2 in the downward
direction, what will be the height attained by the
stone and how much time will it take to reach there?
Answer:- hint(Q20)[ans. height 1.25m and 0.5s]
Ncert End chapter questions:-(page-112)

1. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of

diameter 200 m in 40 s. What will be the distance covered and
the displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 s?

Answer: hint:- total time taken is 140s

So, the number of rotations is 3.5
Radius of the track=100m
Distance =7𝜋𝑟
Displacement=2r= diameter
2. Joseph jogs from one end A to the other end B of a straight
300 m road in 2 minutes 30 seconds and then turns around
and jogs 100 m back to point C in another 1 minute. What are
Joseph’s average speeds and velocities in jogging (a) from A
to B and (b) from A to C?
Answer:-
300m
A 200m C 100m B
Total time taken from A to B=150s
Total time taken from A to C= 3 minutes 30s=210s
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 300𝑚 2𝑚
(a) average speed= 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 150𝑠 = 𝑠
Average velocity= average speed, as it’s a straight
line.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 400𝑚 40𝑚
(b) Average speed= 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 210𝑠 = 21𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 200𝑚 20
Average velocity= = = 21 𝑚/𝑠
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 210𝑠

3. Abdul, while driving to school, computes the average speed

for his trip to be 20 km/h. On his return trip along the same
route, there is less traffic and the average speed is 30 km/h.
What is the average speed for Abdul’s trip?
Answer:- From notes
4. A motorboat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a
straight line at a constant rate of 3.0 ms-2 for 8.0 s. How far
does the boat travel during this time?
Answer:
Hint: use 2nd equation of motion.
1
𝑆 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑢 = 0[Ans.=96m]
5. A driver of a car travelling at 52 km/h applies the brakes
and accelerates uniformly in the opposite direction. The car
stops in 5 s. Another driver going at 3 km/h in another car
applies his brakes slowly and stops in 10 s. On the same
graph paper. Plot the speed versus time graphs for the two
cars. Which of the two cars travelled farther after the brakes
were applied?
Answer:-
Speed (km/hr)

52 car-1

Car-2
3

5 10 time(s)

The area of the triangle for car-1

1 1 5
𝑥 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑥 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑥 5 𝑥 52 𝑥
2 2 18
The area of the triangle for car-2
1 1 5
𝑥 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑥 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑥 10 𝑥 3 𝑥
2 2 18

The car-1 has moved further.

Page=113
7A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity
increases uniformly at the rate of 10 m/s2, with what velocity will it
strike the ground? After what time will it strike the ground?
Answer:- Use 3rd equation of motion
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠; 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑢 = 0
 Disp.

A B 90o
g
Here displacement and acceleration are
perpendicular.
Uniform Circular Motion
Definition:-
An object is moving in a circular path with
constant speed.

so, uniform circular motion is an accelerated

motion. Direction of motion changes at every
instant of time but speed remains constant.
2𝜋𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Speed (v) of the object= =
𝑇 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

r= radius; T- time period (time for one rotation)

Q21. V(m/s)
40
20

0 5 10 t(s)
Calculate:-
(i) Acceleration of the object between 0s to
5s and 5s to 10s.
(ii) Displacement of the object between 0s to
5s and 5s to 10s.
Answer:-
(i) Change in time=(5-0)s=5s
Change in velocity= (20-0)m/s=20m/s
20𝑚/𝑠
Acceleration= = 4𝑚𝑠 −2
5𝑠
Change in time= (10-5)s=5s
Change in velocity= (40-20)m/s=20m/s
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
Acceleration=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
20𝑚/𝑠
Acceleration= = 4𝑚𝑠 −2
5𝑠
 (ii) Displacement between 0s to 5s
is ½ x base x height
=½ x 5 x 20=50m
Displacement between 5s to 10s
1
(20 + 40)𝑥 5 = 150𝑚
2

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NCERT exampler

𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
0 = 𝑢2 − 2𝑔𝑠
𝑢2
𝑠=
2𝑔
𝑠 ∝ 𝑡2
𝑠 = 𝑘𝑡 2
𝑠 𝑡2
𝑣= =𝑘
𝑡 𝑡
𝑣 = 𝑘𝑡
𝑣 𝑘𝑡
𝑎= = =𝑘
𝑡 𝑡