Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.

___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2024
Subject Code: 3154202 Date:18-05-2024
Subject Name: Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
Marks
Q.1 (a) Define Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence. 03
(b) Describe various application fields of AI. 04
(c) Enlist and explain roots of AI in detail. 07
Q.2 (a) Differentiate informed & uninformed search. 03
(b) Discuss branch and bound search algorithm. 04
(c) What is A* search? Explain various stages of A* search with an example. 07
OR
(c) Explain AO* algorithm with a suitable example. State the limitations in the 07
algorithm?
Q.3 (a) What are the limitations in using propositional logic to represent the knowledge 03
base?
(b) Explain forward reasoning versus backward reasoning. 04
(c) Explain alpha-beta pruning algorithm and the minmax game playing algorithm 07
with example?
OR
Q.3 (a) Illustrate the use of first order logic to represent knowledge. 03
(b) Explain non-monotonic reasoning. 04
(c) Define a problem and its components. Explain how a problem solving agent 07
works?

Q.4 (a) Explain the different operations of fuzzy set. 03

(b) Describe the different membership functions in fuzzy set. 04
(c) Write a short note on: dempster-shafer theory. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain de-fuzzification. 03
(b) Differentiate between crisp set and fuzzy set. 04
(c) Write a short note on: rule based system. 07

Q.5 (a) Describe the different types of learning. 03

(b) Explain steps of natural language processing. 04
(c) Explain decision tree learning algorithm in detail. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) What are the different types of activation functions used in neural network? 03
(b) Explain various blind search strategies. 04
(c) Explain back-propagation neural networks. 07
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1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2022
Subject Code:3154202 Date:06-01-2023
Subject Name:Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS
Q.1 (a) Explain concept of rationality in brief. 03
(b) State applications of artificial intelligence. Discuss any two applications 04
in brief.
(c) Write and explain A* algorithm. 07

Q.2 (a) Explain local maxima, plateau and ridge in brief. 03

(b) Compare and contrast Breath first search and Depth first search method. 04
(c) Consider the following facts: 07
* Jishaa only likes easy courses.
* ABC courses are hard.
* All the courses in XYZ department are easy.
* CS101 is a XYZ course.
Use resolution to answer the question,”What course would Jishaa like?”
OR
(c) What is nonmonotonic reasoning? Explain logics for nonmonotonic 07
reasoning

Q.3 (a) Discuss Bays’ theorem. 03

(b) Give the difference between procedural knowledge and declarative 04
knowledge.
(c) Describe the use of Natural Language Processing in Sentiment Analysis 07
with suitable example.
OR
Q.3 (a) Discuss Dempster-Shafer Theory 03
(b) Give the difference between forward reasoning and backward 04
reasoning.
(c) Describe various phases of Natural Language Processing. 07

Q.4 (a) Draw architecture of Fuzzy Logic Control. 03

(b) Explain various types of Machine Learning. 04
(c) Explain various de-fuzzification methods 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Define the fuzzy set theory. How fuzzy sets are different from 03
conventional sets?
(b) Explain over-fitting problem in brief. 04
(c) What is membership function? Explain features of membership function 07
with suitable example.

1
Q.5 (a) Explain advantages of Artificial Neural Networks. 03
(b) Discuss decision tree learning with suitable example. 04
(c) Explain Backpropagation algorithm in Artificial Neural Network. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Write a short note on perceptron neural network, 03
(b) Discuss K-fold cross validation method with suitable 04
example.
(c) Discuss various activation functions used in Artificial Neural Network. 07

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023
Subject Code:3154202 Date:07-12-2023
Subject Name: Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) Differentiate Informed Search and Uninformed Search. 03
(b) Explain the concept of rationality in AI agent decision-making. 04

(c) Explain AO* Algorithm by Example. 07

Q.2 (a) Define 1) Universal Quantifier 2) Modus Ponus 3) Contradiction 03
(b) Discuss Limitations of Hill Climbing Algorithm. 04
(c) 07

Suppose in the above Example, the first player is the maximizing player.
What next move should be chosen using the Minimax Algorithm?
OR
(c) Explain Alpha Beta Pruning by Example. 07
Q.3 (a) Differentiate Forward Versus Backward Reasoning 03
(b) Explain primitives of conceptual Dependency with Example. 04
(c) John likes all kinds of food. 07
Apple and vegetables are food.
Anything anyone eats and not killed is food.
Anil eats peanuts and still alive.
Harry eats everything that Anil eats.
John likes peanuts.
John is Happy.
Do Conversion of Facts into First Order Logic and then in CNF.
OR
Q.3 (a) Differentiate Procedural Versus Declarative Knowledge. 03
(b) Discuss Bay’s Theorem. 04
(c) Explain Steps for Resolution in First order Logic. 07
Q.4 (a) The task is recognizing English alphabetical characters (F, E, X, Y, I, T) in an 03
image processing system. Define two fuzzy sets 𝐼 ̃ and 𝐹̃ to represent the
identification of characters I and F.
𝐼 ̃={(F, 0.2), (E, 0.3), (X, 0.2), (Y, 0.1), (I, 0.7), (T, 0.5)}
𝐹̃={(F, 0.9), (E, 0.5), (X, 0.1), (Y, 0.2), (I, 0.5), (T, 0.5)}
Find 𝐼 ̃ ∪ 𝐹̃ .
1
 (b) Differentiate Supervised Learning and Unsupervised Learning. 04
(c) Describe the Methods to remove the over-fitting problem 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain basic operations on fuzzy relations. 03
(b) Explain collaborative filtering as a recommendation system technique. 04
(c) Discuss the criteria for splitting nodes in a decision tree and their 07
purposes.
Q.5 (a) Describe the field of Sentiment Analysis in Natural Language 03
Processing.
(b) Define 1) Activation Function 2) Learning Rate 3) Biases 4) Dropout 04
Probability
(c) Explain the Back-propagation Algorithm of Neural Networks. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Discuss the K-fold cross-validation method with a suitable Example. 03
(b) Explain Linear Regression using Example. 04
(c) Describe various phases of Natural Language Processing. 07

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE – SEMESTER- V EXAMINATION-SUMMER 2023
Subject Code: 3154202 Date: 23/06/2023
Subject Name: Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence
Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) State and Explain time and space complexity of depth-first-search and 03
breadth-first-search.
(b) Discuss following terms: Agents and Environment 04
(c) What is overfitting? Discuss various methods to remove overfitting. 07
Q.2 (a) Explain working of AO* algorithm with an Example. 03
(b) Discuss working of mini-max algorithm with an example. 04
(c) Discuss with an example how 8-puzzle problem can be solved using A* 07
Algorithm. Specify initial state, goal state, possible operations on empty
tile and draw complete state space tree.
OR
(c) Discuss with an example how Blocks world problem can be solved using 07
Hill Climbing Algorithm. Specify initial state, goal state, possible
operations and draw complete state space tree.
Q.3 (a) What do you mean by knowledge representation and mapping? 03
(b) Compare forward and backward reasoning with example. 04
(c) Discuss Bayesian Network with an example. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Compare procedural and declarative knowledge. 03
(b) What is non-monotonic reasoning? Explain. 04
(c) Discuss Dempster-Shafer Theory. 07
Q.4 (a) Discuss following terms with one example of each: (i) Supervised 03
Learning (ii) Unsupervised Learning (iii) Reinforcement Learning
(b) Compare fuzzy sets and crisp sets. Discuss operations performed on 04
fuzzy sets.
(c) How K-NN can be used for classification and regression? Explain with 07
one example for each.
OR
Q.4 (a) Discuss working of decision tree with an example. 03
(b) What is cross validation ? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages. 04
(c) Discuss application of fuzzy sets for control. 07
Q.5 (a) Explain different activation functions in Neural Networks. 03
(b) Draw and Explain a Neural Network to represent AND and OR gates. 04
(c) Discuss Syntactic Processing. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Discuss Morphological Analysis. 03
(b) Draw and Explain a Neural Network to represent XOR gates. 04
(c) Explain Back Propagation Learning in Neural Networks. 07
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